#Important_currentaffair_for_SSBinterview #GD_Material

Lok Sabha passes GNCTD amendment Bill 2021

Why in the news-The Lok Sabha passed GNCTD amendment Bill 2021, a Bill that defines that the word “government” in Delhi means the Lieutenant-Governor (L-G) and makes it mandatory for the elected government in the national capital territory to take the opinion of the L-G before any executive action.

✔️Key highlights of the bill

◆The Bill amends the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi Act, 1991 which provides a framework for the functioning of the Legislative Assembly and the Government of the National Capital Territory of Delhi.

◆The Bill amends certain powers and responsibilities of the Legislative Assembly and the Lieutenant Governor.

◆It further seeks to ensure that the Lieutenant Governor is necessarily granted an opportunity to exercise the power in a select category of cases, in an emergency.

◆The Bill also gives powers to LG to make rules in matters which fall outside the preview of the Delhi Legislative Assembly.

◆It has a provision that all executive action will be expressed to be taken in the name of the Lieutenant Governor.

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#Know_Your_CoastGuard

ICG ship ‘Vajra’, sixth in series of seven Offshore Patrol Vessel indigenously designed & built by M/s L&T Chennai in line with PM’s vision Make in India, a fine example of Aatmanirbhar Bharat, will be commissioned today at Chennai by General Bipin Rawat, Chief of Defence Staff.

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#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

Interlinking of Rivers{1/2}

✔️What is River Inter-linking?

●The concept of River Inter-linking refers to carry water from areas that have surplus water to drought prone and water deficit areas by dugging new channels.

✔️History of River Inter-linking

◆In 1958, Sir Arthur Thomas Cotton, a British irrigation engineer, proposed the first plan to connect India's rivers, but M. Visveswarayya, K. L. Rao, and D. J. Dastur independently resurrected the idea a few decades later.

◆In 2002, Indian government was directed by the Supreme Court of India to complete the river interlinking project within the next 12–15 years.

◆In response to this directive, the Indian government formed a Task Force with scientists, engineers, ecologists, biologists, and policymakers to deliberate on the project's technical, economic, and environmental feasibility.

◆In 2014, Ken-Betwa inter-linking was approved by the cabinet.

◆And in 2017, Krishna-Godavari inter-linking was done by Andhra Pradesh.

✔️National River Linking Project (NRLP) & Components 

●The NRLP project proposes to interconnect 37 rivers across the country through a network of nearly 3000 storage dams to form a massive South Asian Water Grid, transferring surplus water to drought prone and water deficit areas.

❗️The NRLP has two components

〰️Himalayan Component:

●Under Himalayan Component, 14 projects have been identified to inter link different rivers of the Himalayan Region. It includes:

●the construction of storage reservoirs on the Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers and their tributaries.

●Interlinking of Ganga and Yamuna has also been proposed.

●It is expected to benefit the drought-prone areas of Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan.

●it will reduce floods in the Ganga Brahmaputra river system.

●It has two sub-component linkages:

●Ganga and Brahmaputra basins to Mahanadi basin

●Eastern Ganga tributaries and Chambal and Sabarmati river basins

〰️Peninsular Component:

●Under Peninsular Component, 16 projects have been proposed to inter link the rivers of South India.

●It has four sub-component linkages:

●Interlinking Mahanadi and Godavari basins to Krishna, Cauvery, and Vaigai rivers

●West-flowing rivers south of Tapi to the north of Bombay

●Interlinking Ken-Betwa River and Parbati, Kalisindh rivers to Chambal rivers

●Interlinking some west-flowing rivers to the east-flowing rivers.

✔️National Interlinking of Rivers Authority (NIRA)

◆NIRA is headed by Jal Shakti Minister, the panel includes Irrigation or Water Resources Ministers and Secretaries of States.

◆It is expected to take up both inter-State and intra-State projects.

◆Mobilise funds for the projects

✔️Benefits

●Transfer water from surplus basin to deficit basic leads to balanced regional development.

●Controls floods in overflowing areas and droughts in deficit areas

●NRLP envisages the building of many dams and reservoirs, which can generate about 34000 MW of electricity once the whole project is executed.

●Ensure a minimum amount of water flow in the rivers during a dry season by releasing surplus water stored in the reservoirs.

●Since, majority of arable land is monsoon dependent, which is erratic, NRLP project will provide irrigation facilities in water-deficient places.

●India is embarking on expansion of inland waterways for transport of goods which requires continuous flow of water in the rivers.

●Development and interlinking of rivers will help rural income from fishing and tourism activities.

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#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

Interlinking of Rivers{2/2}

✔️Challenges of River Interlinking

◆Economic Feasibility of the Project: NRLP project is estimated to cost about Rs.5.6 lakh crores and need to dug new channels and construct huge structures, which requires immense labour power.

◆Environmental: Interlinking of rivers concept on paper is fascinating but in reality, any alteration to river channels disturbs whole ecosystem affecting the flora and fauna biodiversity. Environmental degradation once caused cannot be replace or revoked later.

◆Social: Creating new channels, building reservoirs and dams requires displacement of people. Rehabilitation of these people is a challenge.

◆Political: Interlinking of rivers requires consensus of the states in the basin, which is a big issue. Many states oppose interlinking of rivers.

◆International Relations: Interlinking of inter-country rivers impact neighboring countries like China, Bangladesh, Nepal etc.

✔️Way forward

●Interlinking should be the last option after all the alternatives are exhausted.

●Water experts suggest precision and efficient micro-irrigation practices, watershed management, and better agricultural practices and crop selection according to climatic regions.

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#Know_Your_Army #Current_Affairs

Army signs contract for 1.7 mn medals, soldiers won’t have to buy duplicate ones

◆The procurement has enabled the army to meet all outstanding demands of service medals of soldiers who have served and are serving the force, the army said.

◆Soldiers will no longer have to buy duplicate medals from the market, with the Indian Army on Tuesday announcing that it has signed a contract for procuring 1.7 million medals.

◆Soldiers are awarded medals for gallantry, distinguished service and several key landmarks in their military careers. The army has signed a contract for 17 different types of medals.

◆“Integrated Headquarters of Ministry of Defence (Army) has concluded a contract for procurement of a total of 17.27 lakh Service Medals of 17 different types,” the army wrote on Twitter. The move has resolved a decade-old problem.

The procurement has enabled the army to meet all outstanding demands of service medals of soldiers who have served and are serving the force, the army said.

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#Defence_Exams_Notes
#Current_Affairs

Gandhi Peace Prize for Year 2020

◆Recently the Gandhi Peace Prize for the year 2020 is being conferred on Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

◆Late Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said of Oman was awarded the prestigious prize for the year 2019 in recognition of his vision to strengthen relations with India, and his efforts to promote peace and non-violence in the Gulf region

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#Know_Your_Army #Current_Affairs

MoD allows use of military ranks by retired Short Service Commission officers

◆Ministry of Defence (MoD) has decided to allow the retired Short Service Commission (SSC) officers of the Army to use military ranks as applicable. The SSC officers, after completion of their mandated terms and conditions of service, had not been authorised to use the military ranks.

◆This has been causing dissatisfaction and discontentment among the SSC officers who serve under the same service conditions and face similar hardships as Permanent Commission officers with similar Service profile.

◆This decision of the Government will not only remove dissatisfaction and discontentment among the retired SSC officers, but will serve as a big boost to the young aspirants. In addition, this decision will act as morale booster for the existing SSC officers.

◆The demand for use of military ranks by Short Service Commission (SSC) officers after release from service has been pending since 1983. The SSC officers form the backbone of the support cadre of the Army.

◆They serve for a period of 10-14 years to make up the deficiency of young officers in units. There have been several attempts of making the SSC attractive. Permission to allow use of military ranks by these officers has been one of their major demands.

◆Unlike in the past when SSC officers used to serve for a period of five years, now they serve for a tenure of 10 years, further extendable by four years. The SSC officers provide a support cadre to the officers’ cadre of the Army and has been created primarily to provide young officers to the units. 

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#TO_ALL_LADIES_GENTLEMAN

Who was the first recipient of the PVC ?

(Hint - He belonged to Kumaon Regiment )

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#Personal_Interview #INTERVIEW_QUESTION

SSB Personal Interview questions on Newspaper Reading (those who tell their hobby as reading newspaper might face these PI questions in their SSB)

1.Which Hindi/English newspaper do you read?

2.Tell me the name of the chief editor of Dainik Jagran newspaper?

3.What is the headline of today's newspaper? 

4.Who is the editor of The Hindu newspaper?

5.What can you do to get more people to read?

6.What is the name of the award given for exemplary Journalism?

✔️History of Newspapers

●First newspaper In India: Hickey’s Bengal Gazette in 1780

●First Hindi language newspaper: Udant Martand by Jugal Kishore Shukla 
(The Rising Sun),1826.

●First Vernacular newspaper in India: Samachar Darpan, Bengal,1881.

●Oldest newspaper still in print: Bombay Samachar (Gujarati), 1822.

●Newspaper with largest circulation in India: Dainik Darpan (Hindi), The Times of India (English).

●First newspaper in India with a news ombudsman: The Hindu.

✔️Reading newspaper is a good hobby as it has two words: ‘reading’ and ‘newspaper’. Reading is a good habit. It is said that “Leaders are Readers”.

◆To become a leader, you must read, read, and read. Newspapers provide us all round information about current development in various fields. In fact, reading newspapers make you an eclectic, a well-versed and educated person.

✔️Reading newspapers has several benefits:

●Being a defence aspirant, you must keep your abreast with all the current events and latest developments by reading newspapers.

●You would keep yourself updated with latest technology, ideas and solutions to socio-economic problems.

●They help you develop critical perspective (looking into deeper) and an objective mindset.

●It provides global best practices and innovation in overcoming our challenges.

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#TO_ALL_LADIES_GENTLEMAN #Personal_Interview

Here,We are sharing some relevant stuff which can be helpful for SSB Psychology testing and Personal Interview.
We have no intention to play with your Psychology as it is inbuilt phenomenon and but it can be improved by analysis and self introspection.

So the below shared books can be useful in giving ideas for SRT,GPE and how to tackle tricky questions that might be asked in Personal Interview of SSB.

Any interested gentlemen and ladies can go through the uploaded books in their free time.
These are general books,those who are having reading habits,can give it a try.

Do not compromise with your SSB preparation and we all will see each others in different academies sooner or later.
So give wings to your SSB prep and come with the flying colors.

Jai Hind 🇮🇳

@ssbgeneraldiscussion

#Personal_Interview #INTERVIEW_QUESTION

(For those who kept reading novels as hobby / who seek this as interest :-)

1. What books have you read lately ? Also Give reasons about the choices /preferences of these novels/books over others .

2. Since when you started reading
them and what changes you came accross in your personality after persuing this as hobby ?

3 . Who is your favourite author and why ? Give gist about your favourite author .

4 . Provide gist synopsis of 3 favourite novels/books you have read ?

5.What kind of books do you read?

6.Why you read motivational books?

7.How do you choose a book to read do you read book reviews

8.Name some books you have read? who are their writers?

9.Why don't youngsters nowadays rate something in Vernacular languages?

10.Don't you think Reading comics is a very childish hobby?

11.Tell me why should you read books?

✔️Reading Books as Hobby

●Reading books enhance ones mental faculties, creativity in thinking and visualizing and unfolds ones strengths. 

●There are different genres of books:-

❗️fiction (science fiction, drama, novel, etc.),

❗️non-fiction (biographies, auto-biographies, self-help etc.) and

❗️poetry (anthologies)

◆Be thorough with the basics of your genre. If your genre is non-fiction (auto-biographies), then make sure you have read at least two books in this genre. If you have not read anything till now, start reading it from now and complete at least two books till your interview date. 

◆As you mentioned 'reading books' is your hobby, apart from, your genre of study, Defence aspirants must also know various awards in Books or Literary category. 

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#Know_Your_Army

Assam Rifles{1/2}

◆The Assam Rifles is one of the six CAPFs (Central Armed Police Forces) which is under the administrative control of MHA (Ministry of Home Affairs).

◆The other forces being the CRPF (Central Reserve Police Force), the BSF (Border Security Force), the ITBP (Indo-Tibetan Border Police), the CISF (Central Industrial Security Force) and the SSB (Sashastra Seema Bal).

✔️Historical Background

●The Assam Rifles came into being in the year 1835, as a militia known as the ‘Cachar Levy’. With approx. 750 men, this force was established to fundamentally protect the British Tea estates & their settlements against the tribal raids.
In the year 1870, existing elements were merged into 3 Assam Military Police Battalions, named Lakhimpur, Lushai Hills, and Naga Hills.

●In the year 1917, recognising their work during the Great War, confronting shoulder to shoulder with the Rifle Regiments of the uniform British Army, the name of the Force was then changed to ‘Assam Rifles’.

●The Post-Independence work of the Assam Rifles recommenced to evolve ranging from conventional combat role during the Sino-India War of 1962, operating in the foreign land as part of the IPKF (Indian Peace Keeping Force) to Sri Lanka in the year 1987 (Op Pawan) to peacekeeping role in the North-Eastern regions of India in the face of rising tribal unrest and insurgency wherein the preservation of law & order, countering reassuring and insurgency the people of the region became important tasks for the Assam Rifles.

✔️Roles & Tasks Assam Rifles Personnel performs:

◆They conduct counter-insurgency operations in the North-East & other areas where adjudged necessary, under control of the army. During the peace & ‘proxy war’, they ensure the security of the Indo-china & Indo-Myanmar borders. During the war, providing rear area security in the TBA.

◆They act as the penultimate interventionist force of the central govt. in internal security matter, under the control of the army; when the condition goes beyond the jurisdiction of central paramilitary operations.

✔️The present condition in Assam Rifles:

●At present, the Force remains deployed in some among the most remote & underdeveloped areas and it provides security to the locals.

●The Assam Rifles has grown significantly over the years from 17 battalions in the year 1960 to 46 battalions at current. The Force even has a Training Centre & a number of Logistics Units.

●Through its extensive deployment in the tribal belt, the Assam Rifles has obtained the complete confidence of the local residents & has helped substantially in bringing the people of this area within the national mainstream.

●The humane, just & ever helpful attitude of the personnel of Assam Rifles has truly managed to win minds and hearts earning the Assam Rifles the sobriquet of ‘Friends of the North-East’.

✔️Assam Rifles is unique in so many ways:

◆Assam Rifle is the only paramilitary force with a dual control structure. While the administrative control of the Assam Rifle is with the MHA, its operational control is with that of the Indian Army, which is under the MoD. This signifies that salaries & infrastructure for the Assam Rifle is provided by the MHA, but the deployment, transfer, posting, and deputation of the personnel is decided by the Indian Army.

◆All its senior ranks officials, from DG to IG and the sector headquarters, are manned by officers from the Army. The Assam Rifle is commanded by the Lieutenant General from the Indian Army.

◆The Assam Rifle is the only CPMF (Central Paramilitary Force) in an actual sense as its operational regimentation & duties similar to the lines of the Indian Army. Although, its recruitment, promotion, perks of its personnel & retirement policies are governed as per the rules framed by the MHA for the CAPFs.

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#Know_Your_Army

Assam Rifles{2/2}

◆Assam Rifle remains the most awarded paramilitary force in both pre-and post-independent India. During WW-I, the force was awarded 76 gallantry medals, involving 7 Indian Order of Merit awards and 5 Indian Distinguished Service Medals, for its contribution in Europe and in the Middle East during the conflict.

◆Because of its contribution in opening the North-East region to administration & commerce, it came to be known as the “right arm of the civil & left arm of the military”.

◆In WW-II, after the lightning Japanese advance in the year 1942, the Assam Rifles fought several numbers independent actions behind the enemy lines as the task of rear-area defence & rear-guard often fell to them at the time of Allies retreat into India. They even organised a resistance group named the Victor Force which was placed on the Indo-Burmese border in order to counter the Japanese invasion & to persecute the enemy line of communications. The Assam Rifle was awarded 48 gallantry medals during the war.

◆Since Independence, the Assam Rifle has won 120 Shaurya Chakras, 31 Kirti Chakras, 5 Vir Chakras and 4 Ashok Chakras along with 188 Sena Medals.

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