#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette
Collegium System vs NJAC
◆The concept of the collegium system is unique to India. Collegium System as such is not mentioned anywhere in Indian constitution.
◆The system was evolved by the Judiciary through various judgements.
Constitutional Provisions
●The Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts are appointed by the president under Articles 124(2) and 217 of the Constitution respectively.
●The President appoints judges (including the Chief Justice) after consultation with such judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts as he deems necessary.
●However, the word consultation has been interpreted as and evolved into collegium through First, Second and Third Judges cases.
Problems of Collegium System:
Opaque: The decisions of the collegium are non-transparent.
Selection procedure: No one knows about the selection criteria followed in appointing judges.
Judges appoint themselves: There is a lack of judicial accountability. They are not answerable to anyone including the parliament and executive and the people. The Central government has criticised Judiciary saying it has created an empire within an empire by appointing themselves.
Give-and-take culture: The Supreme Court Bar Association has blamed it for creating a “give-and-take” culture, creating a gap between the haves and have-nots. Politicians and actors get instant relief from courts, the common man struggles for years for justice.
Nepotism: The former Chief Justice of India, RM Lodha in relation to the appointment of judges in the High Court he commented that “Every Third HC Judge is Uncle”. It means within the high court relatives are practising law at the same place.
●To replace the collegium system, the government passed the NJAC Act in 2014. But it was struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional and void in the Fourth Judges Case, 2015.
Way forward:
●The government should evolve a procedure of appointing higher judges upholding judicial independence. The following commissions have recommended as follows:
●National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC) the effective participation of both the Executive and the Judiciary in the appointment of Judiciary.
●Second ARC recommended setting up of National Judicial Council to lay down the code of conduct for judges, including the subordinate judiciary. It also recommended that the appointment of judges to higher courts should be through the participation of the executive, legislature and the Chief Justice.
The composition of NJAC for appointing Supreme Court judges should include:
•The Vice President (as Chairperson of the Council)
•The Prime Minister
•The Chief Justice of India
•The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
•The Law Minister
•The Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha
•The Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha
For Appointing High Court Judges, the NJAC should include:
•The Chief Minister of the concerned state
•The Chief Justice of the concerned High Court
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Collegium System vs NJAC
◆The concept of the collegium system is unique to India. Collegium System as such is not mentioned anywhere in Indian constitution.
◆The system was evolved by the Judiciary through various judgements.
Constitutional Provisions
●The Judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts are appointed by the president under Articles 124(2) and 217 of the Constitution respectively.
●The President appoints judges (including the Chief Justice) after consultation with such judges of the Supreme Court and of the High Courts as he deems necessary.
●However, the word consultation has been interpreted as and evolved into collegium through First, Second and Third Judges cases.
Problems of Collegium System:
Opaque: The decisions of the collegium are non-transparent.
Selection procedure: No one knows about the selection criteria followed in appointing judges.
Judges appoint themselves: There is a lack of judicial accountability. They are not answerable to anyone including the parliament and executive and the people. The Central government has criticised Judiciary saying it has created an empire within an empire by appointing themselves.
Give-and-take culture: The Supreme Court Bar Association has blamed it for creating a “give-and-take” culture, creating a gap between the haves and have-nots. Politicians and actors get instant relief from courts, the common man struggles for years for justice.
Nepotism: The former Chief Justice of India, RM Lodha in relation to the appointment of judges in the High Court he commented that “Every Third HC Judge is Uncle”. It means within the high court relatives are practising law at the same place.
●To replace the collegium system, the government passed the NJAC Act in 2014. But it was struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional and void in the Fourth Judges Case, 2015.
Way forward:
●The government should evolve a procedure of appointing higher judges upholding judicial independence. The following commissions have recommended as follows:
●National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (NCRWC) the effective participation of both the Executive and the Judiciary in the appointment of Judiciary.
●Second ARC recommended setting up of National Judicial Council to lay down the code of conduct for judges, including the subordinate judiciary. It also recommended that the appointment of judges to higher courts should be through the participation of the executive, legislature and the Chief Justice.
The composition of NJAC for appointing Supreme Court judges should include:
•The Vice President (as Chairperson of the Council)
•The Prime Minister
•The Chief Justice of India
•The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
•The Law Minister
•The Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha
•The Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha
For Appointing High Court Judges, the NJAC should include:
•The Chief Minister of the concerned state
•The Chief Justice of the concerned High Court
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Current_Affairs #Important_notes_ssb
FORDOW FUEL ENRICHMENT PLANT (FFEP)
• According to satellite images, Iran has begun construction on a site at its underground nuclear facility at Fordow amid tensions with the U.S. over its atomic programme.
• Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant (FFEP) is an Iranian underground uranium enrichment facility located 20 miles northeast of the Iranian city of Qom, near Fordow village.
• It is the second Iranian uranium enrichment facility, the other one being that of Natanz.
• Iran has not publicly acknowledged any new construction at Fordow, whose discovery by the West in 2009 came in an earlier round of brinkmanship before world powers struck the 2015 nuclear deal with Tehran.
• While the purpose of the building remains unclear, any work at Fordow will likely trigger new concern in the waning days of the Trump administration before the inauguration of U.S. President-elect Joe Biden.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
FORDOW FUEL ENRICHMENT PLANT (FFEP)
• According to satellite images, Iran has begun construction on a site at its underground nuclear facility at Fordow amid tensions with the U.S. over its atomic programme.
• Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant (FFEP) is an Iranian underground uranium enrichment facility located 20 miles northeast of the Iranian city of Qom, near Fordow village.
• It is the second Iranian uranium enrichment facility, the other one being that of Natanz.
• Iran has not publicly acknowledged any new construction at Fordow, whose discovery by the West in 2009 came in an earlier round of brinkmanship before world powers struck the 2015 nuclear deal with Tehran.
• While the purpose of the building remains unclear, any work at Fordow will likely trigger new concern in the waning days of the Trump administration before the inauguration of U.S. President-elect Joe Biden.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Personal_Interview
#Sports_Series
#Handball
In the personal interview, many questions are asked from the various sports you fill in the PIQ form. We will help you to know all about sports.
Join @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Sports_Series
#Handball
In the personal interview, many questions are asked from the various sports you fill in the PIQ form. We will help you to know all about sports.
Join @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Personal_Interview #Sports_Series #Handball
Handball Court and Goal Post Measurements
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Handball Court and Goal Post Measurements
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Boost To Indian Army's Firepower: New DRDO-Developed Carbine Ready For Induction After Clearing Trials
https://swarajyamag.com/insta/boost-to-indian-armys-firepower-new-drdo-developed-carbine-ready-for-induction-after-clearing-trials
https://swarajyamag.com/insta/boost-to-indian-armys-firepower-new-drdo-developed-carbine-ready-for-induction-after-clearing-trials
Swarajyamag
Boost To Indian Army's Firepower: New DRDO-Developed Carbine Ready For Induction After Clearing Trials
The new carbine has an effective range in excess of 100 meters.
#Know_Your_Army
Army Air Defence(AAD)
◆The Army Air Defence AAD is a technologically adept, modern & a formidable Arm of Indian Army.
◆Equipped with sophisticated weaponry to include Guns, Missiles & Radars, the AAD provides protection against Enemy Aerial Platforms.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Army Air Defence(AAD)
◆The Army Air Defence AAD is a technologically adept, modern & a formidable Arm of Indian Army.
◆Equipped with sophisticated weaponry to include Guns, Missiles & Radars, the AAD provides protection against Enemy Aerial Platforms.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#TO_ALL_LADIES_GENTLEMAN
It was his birthday yesterday. He was only 22 when he sacrificed his life for the country.
Try reading the last letter that Kargil War Hero Capt Vijayant Thapar, VrC (P) wrote to his parents, without getting your eyes moist.
Hero tujhe Salaam!🇮🇳
#MondayMotivation
For more @ssngeneraldiscussion
It was his birthday yesterday. He was only 22 when he sacrificed his life for the country.
Try reading the last letter that Kargil War Hero Capt Vijayant Thapar, VrC (P) wrote to his parents, without getting your eyes moist.
Hero tujhe Salaam!🇮🇳
#MondayMotivation
For more @ssngeneraldiscussion
#DAILY_PRACTICE #New_Series
#WAT_SET
1. Drink:
2. Ready:
3. Beat:
4. Light:
5. Cheat:
6. Communicate:
7. Open:
8. Medicine:
9. Hard:
10. Dark:
Healthy and constructive reviews are welcome.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#WAT_SET
1. Drink:
2. Ready:
3. Beat:
4. Light:
5. Cheat:
6. Communicate:
7. Open:
8. Medicine:
9. Hard:
10. Dark:
Healthy and constructive reviews are welcome.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#DAILY_PRACTICE #New_series
#SRT_SET
1. He is passing by a Railway line and saw that the fish plates have been removed. Only 15 minutes are left for the train to reach and the Station is 1.5 kms. away from the spot. He…
2. While travelling in a train, he found that his ticket is lost. He…
3. He has lot his way in the jungle. He…
4. He had a minor scooter accident on his way to office in which his scooter got slightly damaged. He…
5. He hears a cry of fire-fire from neighbouring house. He…
Healthy and constructive reviews are welcome.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#SRT_SET
1. He is passing by a Railway line and saw that the fish plates have been removed. Only 15 minutes are left for the train to reach and the Station is 1.5 kms. away from the spot. He…
2. While travelling in a train, he found that his ticket is lost. He…
3. He has lot his way in the jungle. He…
4. He had a minor scooter accident on his way to office in which his scooter got slightly damaged. He…
5. He hears a cry of fire-fire from neighbouring house. He…
Healthy and constructive reviews are welcome.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#DAILY_PRACTICE
#TAT_SET161
Important TAT image for all Entries.
Try to write within prescribed time i.e. 4 minutes.
Be honest with your preparation and attempt this image and write a desirable story.
(For better practice,Write the story on A4 paper within prescribed time)
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#TAT_SET161
Important TAT image for all Entries.
Try to write within prescribed time i.e. 4 minutes.
Be honest with your preparation and attempt this image and write a desirable story.
(For better practice,Write the story on A4 paper within prescribed time)
Healthy and constructive reviews are welcome.For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Can we start revision ??
current affairs(5) , TAT(5), SRT(20) , WAT(20)
from today onwards
current affairs(5) , TAT(5), SRT(20) , WAT(20)
from today onwards
Anonymous Poll
94%
YES
6%
NO
#TO_ALL_LADIES_GENTLEMAN
"ONLINE APPLICATION FOR NCC SPECIAL ENTRY SCHEME 49TH COURSE (APR 2021) (MEN & WOMEN) IS OPEN FROM 30 DEC 2020 AT 1500 HRS TO 28 JAN 2021 AT 1500 HRS."
https://joinindianarmy.nic.in/Notificationdetail.htm?674
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
"ONLINE APPLICATION FOR NCC SPECIAL ENTRY SCHEME 49TH COURSE (APR 2021) (MEN & WOMEN) IS OPEN FROM 30 DEC 2020 AT 1500 HRS TO 28 JAN 2021 AT 1500 HRS."
https://joinindianarmy.nic.in/Notificationdetail.htm?674
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Operation Sadbhavna: Army’s helping hand in Kashmir
https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/operation-sadbhavna-armys-helping-hand-in-kashmir/2158817/
https://www.financialexpress.com/defence/operation-sadbhavna-armys-helping-hand-in-kashmir/2158817/
The Financial Express
Operation Sadbhavna: Army’s helping hand in Kashmir
For the last three decades, the people of J&K has been the unfortunate victim of proxy war and this has caused them immense.
#Editorial_Analysis
A Costly deal to Sudan
◆The U.S. has decided to remove Sudan's designation, which was since 1993 as a state that sponsors terrorism. The Sudan governments say recognition of the state of Israel — which looms as Khartoum's trade-off for the terror delisting should be the sole prerogative of the people of the country, not with superpower such as Washington or any other to arbitrarily impose its will.
Background
●Sudanese Prime Minister Abdullah Hamdok said that his government should take a formal decision to give recognition to Israel based on its sensitive historical background.
●Khartoum hosted the Arab League gathering, which adopted the so-called "three nos" resolution to deny recognition, initiate negotiations and seek peace with Israel, in the wake of the 1967 Six-Day war.
●The factors that lead to Sudan as a state to sponsor terrorism are former military regime's backing for the Palestine Liberation Organization, Hamas, and Hezbollah, besides the harbouring of Osama bin Laden until 1996.
●However, Sudan is now a different country from the past with various democratic transitions to give more power to the government than the military, which it earlier had.
●The reintegration of Sudan into the global community through renegotiation of its national debt and reopening of investment opportunities would be crucial ingredients for this overall endeavour.
●The country has suffered from several crises such as loss of vast oil reserves to South Sudan, Covid Pandemic and severe floods have led to problems of food shortages, skyrocketing inflation, and vast unemployment.
●The Sudanese deal with the United States will provide Sudan crucial access to global financial institutions, resume dollar-denominated transactions, and revive foreign investment after nearly three decades.
●However, the deal stopped short of a commitment to re-establish normal diplomatic relations with Israel and opening of embassies is not included in the agreement.
Long in the making
◆With easing Economic sanctions and exchange of Ambassadors, the stage has been set for removal of terrorism from Sudan.
◆However, controversial interventions by Trump in west Asian peace may hinder Sudan Progress.
◆The terror delisting is treated as an outcome in exchange for a compensation payment of $335 million for the victims of the 1998 Al Qaeda attacks on U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
◆The recent happenings would ease the pressure on the military to hand over the former dictator, Mr Bashir, to the International Criminal Court for investigations of genocide and war crimes.
Conclusion
●There is a long way for Sudan development.
●The recent removal of terrorism tag would ease in its development and strengthen U.S. Sudan ties.
Source
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-costly-deal-for-sudan/article33432958.ece
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
A Costly deal to Sudan
◆The U.S. has decided to remove Sudan's designation, which was since 1993 as a state that sponsors terrorism. The Sudan governments say recognition of the state of Israel — which looms as Khartoum's trade-off for the terror delisting should be the sole prerogative of the people of the country, not with superpower such as Washington or any other to arbitrarily impose its will.
Background
●Sudanese Prime Minister Abdullah Hamdok said that his government should take a formal decision to give recognition to Israel based on its sensitive historical background.
●Khartoum hosted the Arab League gathering, which adopted the so-called "three nos" resolution to deny recognition, initiate negotiations and seek peace with Israel, in the wake of the 1967 Six-Day war.
●The factors that lead to Sudan as a state to sponsor terrorism are former military regime's backing for the Palestine Liberation Organization, Hamas, and Hezbollah, besides the harbouring of Osama bin Laden until 1996.
●However, Sudan is now a different country from the past with various democratic transitions to give more power to the government than the military, which it earlier had.
●The reintegration of Sudan into the global community through renegotiation of its national debt and reopening of investment opportunities would be crucial ingredients for this overall endeavour.
●The country has suffered from several crises such as loss of vast oil reserves to South Sudan, Covid Pandemic and severe floods have led to problems of food shortages, skyrocketing inflation, and vast unemployment.
●The Sudanese deal with the United States will provide Sudan crucial access to global financial institutions, resume dollar-denominated transactions, and revive foreign investment after nearly three decades.
●However, the deal stopped short of a commitment to re-establish normal diplomatic relations with Israel and opening of embassies is not included in the agreement.
Long in the making
◆With easing Economic sanctions and exchange of Ambassadors, the stage has been set for removal of terrorism from Sudan.
◆However, controversial interventions by Trump in west Asian peace may hinder Sudan Progress.
◆The terror delisting is treated as an outcome in exchange for a compensation payment of $335 million for the victims of the 1998 Al Qaeda attacks on U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
◆The recent happenings would ease the pressure on the military to hand over the former dictator, Mr Bashir, to the International Criminal Court for investigations of genocide and war crimes.
Conclusion
●There is a long way for Sudan development.
●The recent removal of terrorism tag would ease in its development and strengthen U.S. Sudan ties.
Source
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-costly-deal-for-sudan/article33432958.ece
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
The Hindu
A costly deal for Sudan
Normalisation of ties with the state of Israel is a big trade-off for the terror delisting