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E-Governance
e-Governance is meant for providing government services, exchange of information, transactions, integration of previously existing services and information portals.

E-governance in India
◆Electronic Governance (e- governance) is a type of Information Technology application which stands for the government functioning in order to ensure Simple, Moral, Accountable, Responsive and Transparent (SMART) Governance.
◆It is a complex process which requires various components like hardware, software, networking and re-engineering of the procedures for better delivery of services.
◆It is supported by five major pillars:
Computers,
Connectivity,
Content,
Consumer/s and
Confidence Building

Constitutional Provisions
●The first is the application of Information Technology for the improvement of Administration and other application of governance to the emerging Cyber Society. 
●The concept of e-Governance (EG) is in principle applicable to all types of governance including Corporate Governance, the present discussion is focused on traditional responsibilities of a politically elected body (government) entrusted with the administration of a society (citizens). 
●This system of governance consists of various ministries and the Parliamentary /State Legislative systems etc. 
●It also includes the implementation machinery consisting of the Officials and any other organizations involved in the delivery of collective state administered services to the Citizens. 
●The essence of e-governance is the Communication between the "Governing" and the "Governed" and the test of "Good Governance" is a "Harmoniously Living Society"

Initiatives in India
◆One of the first nations in the world to embark on an initiative so far reaching and seemingly impossible, India has despite the concerns about privacy ploughed on and pursued the execution of the initiative. A one-of-a-kind biometric based authentication system, the AADHAAR has gone where even developed nations are yet to venture.
◆National Knowledge Network (NKN) is a multi-gigabit platform meant to provide a unified high speed network as a backbone for educational institutions in India. This advanced network will transform education across a large number of educational institutions through never before ease and connectivity.
◆MyGov.in is a crowdsourcing platform which is created by the government to inform citizens about various policy issues and governance. This initiative has paved the way for a more democratic framework, which empowers the common citizen to influence policies and implementation.
◆The website is hosted and managed by the National Informatics Centre (NIC), and allows users to upload documents across formats.

Challenges
●While India is among the fastest developing economies in the world, India ranks 58th in this year’s Global Competitiveness Index, up five places since 2017, equitable growth remains a critical imperative. 
●Due to climatic uncertainties and socio-political conditions, rural India faces the massive challenge of non-availability of credit. 
●In 2016, the government of India opened up the banking sector to rural citizens and offered licenses to small time financial institutions to function as full-fledged banks. 
●The financial push not only supported the farmers in further augmenting the agriculture sector but also gave them financial inclusion and stability.

Way Forward
◆In terms of e-governance, the government needs to bring radical digitisation to induce economic inclusiveness and social transformation, through initiatives like, ‘Digital India’, ‘Make in India’ and Skill India. 
◆India, as a result, is gearing up for an era of increased digitisation, heralding the advent of Industry 4.0, powered by new age technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics.

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Short Notes of Indian Polity

Important for NDA,AFCAT,CDS,INET,TA

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Short Notes of Indian Polity

Important for NDA,AFCAT,CDS,INET,TA

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Hospitals afire: on lack of safety in health-care centres

Why in news-At least 19 people died because of fire in special facilities for COVID-19 management in Vijayawada and Ahmedabad.

◆11 died in the Andhra Pradesh incident, where a hotel had been taken over by a private hospital to run a COVID-19 care centre.
◆9 patients perished in the blaze in a Gujarat hospital intensive care unit (ICU).
◆In the absence of safety systems, many died of fire and smoke inhalation, while those who survived had nothing but luck to count on. 

Rising Incidents
●India accounts for nearly a fifth of the serious fire accidents in the world according to the Global Disease Burden Study 2017.
●Often, hospital buildings are regularised for unapproved constructions by State governments acting thoughtlessly.
●It’s evident that safety concerns were given short shrift in the scramble for standby arrangements.
●In the Ahmedabad ICU blaze, patients expected the institution to offer the highest levels of safety but suffered as it was ill-equipped to fight a fire.
●No special measure or awareness campaign was initiated to obviate fire hazards during the health crisis. 
●These ghastly incidents show the lack of preparedness among States to manage the expanding pandemic and hasty contracting procedures.
●They have exposed the deep rot in regulatory processes for institutional and commercial building safety. 

Blame Game 
◆Civic and fire authorities who were expected to monitor the safety of such buildings have sought to pin responsibility for the carnage on the owners of the properties. 
◆They are being held responsible for failure to obtain a no objection certificate. 
◆In the case of the hotel-turned-COVID-19 care centre, carrying out electrical upgrades for safety was cited as the reason.
◆Wheres in Ahmedabad, the hospital did not have a fire safety certificate. 
◆This is clearly untenable, as the Supreme Court of India observed in the Uphaar cinema fire tragedy case in Delhi, pulling up authorities for abdicating responsibility and passing the buck on to the management of the institution. 

Needed Reforms
◆Safety regulation of buildings used for health-care delivery is a subset of the overall need to regulate hospitals, and States should use the recent deadly fires as the occasion to launch much-delayed reform. 
◆The National Building Code of India, with additional fire safety provisions for hospitals, is the basis for hospital accreditation systems, but these should be made mandatory and enforced in all States.
◆If smoke alarms and sprinkler systems, along with local fire-fighting aids are available, loss of life can be eliminated.
◆All patients should also be covered by substantial life insurance.
◆Evacuation systems for ICU patients need to be part of the building design.
◆After the tragedies in Ahmedabad and Vijayawada, the chief ministers of Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh have asked fire safety personnel to conduct safety audits of COVID-care facilities. Other states should follow suit.

 ◆◆The many fires in institutional buildings and their terrible toll should lead to a full inspection of all such facilities for safety, with civil society keeping up the pressure on governments to act.
◆◆It’s high time that measures are taken to root out the culture of cutting corners on safety.

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"PLEASE" READ EACH WORD PROPERLY

The Centre introduced the three Bills on food and agriculture reform in the Lok Sabha on Monday which resulted into protest from the Opposition parties and the farmers groups.

Discuss: What do you think will be impact of these reforms on agriculture community?

SUBPOINTS
1. Enhance connectivity and transparency between farmers and traders.
2. Profits private players and ensures introduction of technology
3. Centralisation of power and revenue collection from agri sector

TRY TO GIVE YOUR POINT OF VIEW ON EACH POINT. TO UTILIZE YOUR OWN TIME IN A GAINFULL MANNER JUST PARTICIPATION SHOULD NOT BE THE PRIMARY GOAL GENTLEMAN.
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#TAT_SET112 Make Stories .

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#SPECIAL_SRT

He came to know that some of his friends were trying to sell a tarpaulin that
was spare to collect money for Barakhana. He............

As CQMH of his company he found that the rations were not of good quality.
He............

He was the leader of trekking group and found the route hazardous due to
heavy snow fall. It was getting dark. He.....................

The examination was nearing and he found it difficult to understand the Maths
syllabus. He....................

He felt that the leave policy being followed in the Company was not proper.
He...................

He was the Captain of the Company basket ball team and the best player had
to be admitted in MH one day before the tournament. He ..................

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Israel,UAE & Bahrain Abraham Accord

Why in News-The Abraham Accord between Israel, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain is mediated by the USA. It is the first Arab-Israeli peace deal in 26 years.

Previous Agreements: There were the only two peace deals between Israel and the Arab States in more than a quarter of a century.
●Egypt was the first Arab State to sign a peace deal with Israel in 1979.
●Jordan signed a peace pact in 1994.

The Agreement:
◆As per the agreements, the UAE and Bahrain will establish:
◆Embassies and exchange ambassadors.
◆Working together with Israel across a range of sectors, including tourism, trade, healthcare and security.
◆The Abraham Accords also open the door for Muslims around the world to visit the historic sites in Israel and to peacefully pray at Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem, the third holiest site in Islam.
◆In the Islamic tradition, the Kaaba in Mecca is considered the holiest site, followed by the Prophet's Mosque in Medina, and Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem.

Reason: Bringing Israel, the UAE and Bahrain together reflects their shared concern about Iran’s rising influence in the region and development of ballistic missiles. Iran has been critical of both deals.

Significance of the Accord:
◆The agreement shows how the Arab countries are gradually decoupling themselves from the Palestine question.
◆Palestine was among former Ottoman territories placed under UK administration by the League of Nations in 1922. All of these territories eventually became fully independent States, except Palestine.
◆Full diplomatic ties will be established between Israel, the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain which will have a positive impact on the entire region.
◆The deal buys UAE a lot of goodwill in the US, where its image has been tarnished by its involvement in the Yemen war.
◆In South Asia, it will put Pakistan in a bind, whether to follow UAE’s steps (will be seen as giving up Islamic cause of Palestine) or not to follow the UAE (since it is already in feud with the Saudis over not taking up the Kashmir case, Pakistan cannot afford another hostile Islamic Country).
◆In the upcoming presidential election in the USA, the accord could help shore up support among pro-Israel Christian evangelical voters, an important part of current President’s political base.

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#PPDT make stories .

the structure of writing PPDT story is .
___________________________________

No. of characters :-
_____
gender:- M/F
age:- in YEARS
mood:- +ve / -ve /0 neutral
——————-
Action:-

your story:-

_____________________________

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Indian Interest in West Asia:

Geopolitical: West Asia occupies an important position in international relations due to its geographical location and proximity to continents and countries South Asia, China, Central Asia, Europe, and Africa.

Energy: The region is strategically significant due to its enormous energy resources, trade route links to different parts of the world.

◆It is the world's largest oil-producing region accounting for 34% of world production, 45% of crude oil exports and 48% of oil proven reserves.

Diaspora: Indian expatriates have constituted a substantial share of the regional labour market.

◆Remittances from the region constitute a major chunk of total remittances to India.

Opportunity for India:

Defence and Security: India should use this unexpected opportunity to give itself a bigger role in a region which is its strategic backyard. The first step should be to ramp up defence and security relations with UAE.
◆Israel is already a very close defence partner.
◆While some work has already happened, India should leverage its economy for a bigger opening in this region. Importantly, India can use its good offices to ensure that any future deal on a regional security framework gives adequate space to Iran, which may be weak but not so weak that it cannot be a hugely disruptive power if it so chooses.

Way Forward
●A balance between Shia and Sunni, between Persian and Arab, is key to any sustainable peace.
●The US may be a pre-eminent power in the Middle East, but Russia has made a space for itself, spending a lot less money. In recent years, China has indicated its willingness to play a larger role in this region, and is close to both UAE and Israel and, increasingly, Saudi Arabia.
●India should make its moves before this market and this extended neighbourhood come under the Chinese sphere of influence.
●A deal that could, if played right, open the doors for a changed geopolitical arrangement in the Middle East should have a stronger Indian footprint.

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#SPECIAL_SRT

While passing by he found two people sneaking at a house from the window. He.............

He was walking on a dark street with his girl friend then suddenly ten armed people came and started
harassing his girl friend the next police station was ten km away. He...

His friend was always quarrelling with him and the papers were near. He.....

His boss gives a peace of work and orders him to follow his instructions to complete the work, but the work
is difficult to finish within time. He............

He see a snake moving near to the bed where his younger brother is sleeping, when he enters his
room.He……

If some of your friend cracks a joke on you in presence of your girlfriend, what will you do...


While shooting a film, terrorists kidnapped the heroine. You are in charge of the 'check post ' nearby the
scene. What will you do…

Country young men are not interested in joining defense forces. What incentive would you offer to lure
them.....

You are moving along with a convoy to forward area and sitting at the back of the vehicle. You saw a flag car
is speeding fast. What will u do....

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Stamp on India's First Anti Satellite Missile (A-SAT)

Why in News-A Customized My Stamp on India’s First Anti Satellite Missile (A-SAT) launch was released by the Department of Posts on the occasion of Engineers Day.

A-SAT Missile

◆It is an interceptor missile that destroys or jams satellites in space.
◆Two types of A-SATs: Kinetic and Non-Kinetic A-SATs.
•Kinetic A-SATs, like ballistic missiles physically strike an object in order to destroy it.
•Non-Kinetic A-SATs: A variety of nonphysical means can be used to disable or destroy a space object. These include frequency jamming, blinding lasers or cyberattacks.

Mission Shakti
●Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted India’s first Anti-Satellite (A-SAT) missile test ‘Mission Shakti’.
●It was launched from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island in Odisha on 27th March 2019.
●The interceptor missile was a three-stage missile with two solid rocket boosters.

Significance:
◆The entire effort was indigenous which demonstrated the Nation’s capability to develop such complex and critical missions.
◆With this success, India became the fourth nation in the world to possess such capability.
◆With the establishment of India as a space power, India will be accorded a place in any future international treaty that relates to the governance or usage of Space.
◆In case of Pakistan, a terrestrial power, the use of nuclear arsenal can now come at a heavy cost.
◆As of now Pakistan presumes that the no first use doctrine of India gives it an advantage, but with the development of ASAT capabilities, India would be able to destroy an incoming Pakistani nuclear missile.
◆This will create a significant deterrence vis-a-vis the position of Pakistan.
◆In case of China, which is a significant space power, counter-space capabilities of India will provide a critical balancing deterrent.

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Hybrid warfare

Why in the news-Recently more than 10,000 people in India are being actively monitored under a surveillance Programme run by Zhenhua Data Information Technology Co, a Shenzhen-based technology company.

◆The company is known for engaging in 'Hybrid Warfare’ using the big data gained from mass surveillance.

What is hybrid warfare?

●Hybrid warfare refers to the use of unconventional methods as part of a multi-domain warfighting approach.
●These methods aim to disrupt and disable an opponent’s actions without engaging in open hostilities.
●The term originally referred to irregular non-state actors with advanced military capabilities.

The main tools of hybrid warfare as:
•Disinformation and misinformation operations
•Political and economic coercion
•Cyber and space operations
•Proxies and state-controlled forces
•Diplomatic pressure
•Military actions.

●Under Hybrid Warfare, China is increasing social animosity in its enemy country, disrupting economic activity, and hollowing out institutions, tarnishing political leadership and its potential.
●After Russia’s success in Crimea without a war in 2014-15, now every second country is giving hybrid warfare a shot.
●However, no one has used it more extensively than China. China used it extensively in Hong Kong.

What information does it collect?

◆Information collected includes dates of birth, addresses, marital status, along with photographs, political associations, relatives, and social media IDs.
◆Collecting such massive data and weaving in public or sentiment analysis around these targets, Zhenhua offers “threat intelligence services.

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Hybrid Warfare

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Chushul Valley

Why in the news-Recently the Chushul sub-sector has come into focus due to the standoff between the Indian and Chinese troops.

About Chushul sub-sector

●The Chushul sub-sector is in the eastern part of Ladakh, south of Pangong Tso.
●It consists of broken, high mountains, and includes heights like Black Top, Gurung Hill, Helmet Top, Magger Hill and Thatung, along with passes like Rechin La and Rezang La.
●Chushul is among the five Border Personnel Meeting points between the People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) and the Indian Army.

Chushul sub-sector: Strategic importance

◆Chushul, due to its terrain and location, is a centre for the deployment of logistics, and is, therefore, of strategic and tactical importance to India.
◆The sub-sector consists of plains having a width of a couple of kilometres, making it ideal for the deployment of mechanised forces including tanks.
◆Further operational advantages are added by the road connectivity to Leh and the airstrip it consists of.

Chushul’s importance to China
Chushul acts as a gateway to Leh, and if China was able to enter Chushul, it would be in a position to launch its operations for Leh.

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Chushul Valley

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