Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Ankit)
#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette
WHO
◆The World Health Organisation (WHO) is a specialised agency of the United Nations that looks into matters of public health. Established on April 7th, 1948, its headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland.
◆On 9th July, WHO created an Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response (IPPR) to evaluate the world’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Recent Update:
●To evaluate the world’s response to Coronavirus pandemic, Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response (IPPR) has been created by the World Health Organisation. The main points related to it are:
--New Zealand former President Helen Clark and Liberia former President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf are co-chairs of the IPPR, as announced by the WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
--The IPPR comes on the heels of the Landmark Resolution related to Covid-19 that was adopted in the 73rd World Health Assembly in May 2020.
What is the Overall Focus of the WHO?
●The WHO Constitution states that the organisation’s objective “is the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health”.
●The WHO fulfils this objective through the following functions:
●By playing a role as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work.
●Maintaining and establishing collaboration with the UN and any other appropriate bodies.
●Assisting governments, upon request, in strengthening their health services.
●Giving appropriate technical assistance and in case of emergencies, required aid upon the request or acceptance of governments.
Contributions of the WHO in India
◆India is a member of the WHO and the organisation has its offices in various parts of the country. The WHO Country Office (WCO) is headquartered in New Delhi.
◆The WHO Country Cooperation Strategy (CCS) – India has been jointly developed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of the GOI and the WCO.
◆Its chief aim is to contribute to improving health and equity in the country.
◆The National Strategic Plan for Elimination of Malaria (2017-2022) was launched by the Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare.
◆Its chief aim is to totally eliminate Malaria by 2027.
◆The National Strategic Plan has formulated year wise elimination targets in various parts of the country.
◆It is formulated with the support of the World Health Organization’s Global Technical Strategy for Malaria (2016-2030).
What are the current challenges of WHO?
●As an international organisation, WHO has its fair share of challenges. Some of them are as follows:
●The WHO is largely dependent on funds from donors – usually from economically well-developed countries and organisations such as Melinda Gates Foundation – rather than a secured channel of funding.
●As a result, most of the WHO’s funding for crucial programmes remain on the back burner as some of these programmes also clash with the interests of the donors.
●The effectiveness of the organisation has come under question especially due to its disastrous handling of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa and the very recent coronavirus outbreak in 2019-20.
●Consequently, the WHO’s role as a leader in global health has been supplanted by other intergovernmental bodies such as the World Bank, and increasingly by big foundations.
●The WHO’s handling of the COVID-19 pandemic has come under severe criticism amidst what has been described by world leaders and media as the agency’s “diplomatic balancing act” between “China and China’s critics”, including scrutiny of the relationship between the agency and Chinese authorities.
●Initial concerns included the observation that while the WHO relies upon data provided and filtered by member states, China has had a “historical aversion to transparency and sensitivity to international criticism”. US President Donald Trump has been the most vocal of all the critics of the organisation. This has led to the US’s withdrawal from the WHO.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
WHO
◆The World Health Organisation (WHO) is a specialised agency of the United Nations that looks into matters of public health. Established on April 7th, 1948, its headquarters is located in Geneva, Switzerland.
◆On 9th July, WHO created an Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response (IPPR) to evaluate the world’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Recent Update:
●To evaluate the world’s response to Coronavirus pandemic, Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response (IPPR) has been created by the World Health Organisation. The main points related to it are:
--New Zealand former President Helen Clark and Liberia former President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf are co-chairs of the IPPR, as announced by the WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
--The IPPR comes on the heels of the Landmark Resolution related to Covid-19 that was adopted in the 73rd World Health Assembly in May 2020.
What is the Overall Focus of the WHO?
●The WHO Constitution states that the organisation’s objective “is the attainment by all people of the highest possible level of health”.
●The WHO fulfils this objective through the following functions:
●By playing a role as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work.
●Maintaining and establishing collaboration with the UN and any other appropriate bodies.
●Assisting governments, upon request, in strengthening their health services.
●Giving appropriate technical assistance and in case of emergencies, required aid upon the request or acceptance of governments.
Contributions of the WHO in India
◆India is a member of the WHO and the organisation has its offices in various parts of the country. The WHO Country Office (WCO) is headquartered in New Delhi.
◆The WHO Country Cooperation Strategy (CCS) – India has been jointly developed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of the GOI and the WCO.
◆Its chief aim is to contribute to improving health and equity in the country.
◆The National Strategic Plan for Elimination of Malaria (2017-2022) was launched by the Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare.
◆Its chief aim is to totally eliminate Malaria by 2027.
◆The National Strategic Plan has formulated year wise elimination targets in various parts of the country.
◆It is formulated with the support of the World Health Organization’s Global Technical Strategy for Malaria (2016-2030).
What are the current challenges of WHO?
●As an international organisation, WHO has its fair share of challenges. Some of them are as follows:
●The WHO is largely dependent on funds from donors – usually from economically well-developed countries and organisations such as Melinda Gates Foundation – rather than a secured channel of funding.
●As a result, most of the WHO’s funding for crucial programmes remain on the back burner as some of these programmes also clash with the interests of the donors.
●The effectiveness of the organisation has come under question especially due to its disastrous handling of the Ebola outbreak in West Africa and the very recent coronavirus outbreak in 2019-20.
●Consequently, the WHO’s role as a leader in global health has been supplanted by other intergovernmental bodies such as the World Bank, and increasingly by big foundations.
●The WHO’s handling of the COVID-19 pandemic has come under severe criticism amidst what has been described by world leaders and media as the agency’s “diplomatic balancing act” between “China and China’s critics”, including scrutiny of the relationship between the agency and Chinese authorities.
●Initial concerns included the observation that while the WHO relies upon data provided and filtered by member states, China has had a “historical aversion to transparency and sensitivity to international criticism”. US President Donald Trump has been the most vocal of all the critics of the organisation. This has led to the US’s withdrawal from the WHO.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Victory in a long battle for equal opportunities
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/victory-in-a-long-battle-for-equal-opportunities/article32508226.ece
-via Opeddiction
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/victory-in-a-long-battle-for-equal-opportunities/article32508226.ece
-via Opeddiction
The Hindu
Victory in a long battle for equal opportunities
With the grant of permanent commission, women officers of the Indian Army will have clarity on their career paths
Bold reforms needed to change the orbit of India’s growth for the future
https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/bold-reforms-needed-to-change-the-orbit-of-india-s-growth-for-the-future-11599011647547.html
-via Opeddiction
https://www.livemint.com/opinion/columns/bold-reforms-needed-to-change-the-orbit-of-india-s-growth-for-the-future-11599011647547.html
-via Opeddiction
Livemint
Bold reforms needed to change the orbit of India’s growth for the future
The Union government needs to support its industries and consumers
The digital over-promise
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/digital-education-online-classes-learning-coronavirus-national-education-policy-6580744/
-via Opeddiction
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/digital-education-online-classes-learning-coronavirus-national-education-policy-6580744/
-via Opeddiction
The Indian Express
‘Digital India’ is not prepared for digital education
Transition from teacher-class based teaching to digital-education will need multi-pronged efforts over time. For parents, students, teachers and institutions, investment and infrastructure are needed.
#TO_ALL_LADIES_GENTLEMAN
AFCAT 2/2020 has been rescheduled to 3rd and 4th October
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
AFCAT 2/2020 has been rescheduled to 3rd and 4th October
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Special_SRT
1.He has collected the contribution from his friends for a picnic. The picnic is to be organized
tomorrow in a big way. He has gone to make purchases but realises that the entire collection has
been lost. He will _
2.A His friend is sitting on hunger strike but his father warns him not to join him. He will ____
3.He has been asked to organize a charity show. He would _
4. A number of college representatives are to be selected, some by election, others by
nomination. He feels that his chances are not so bright for election. He would ___
5.He feels that workers in his organization are not paying sufficient attention to their work. He
would ......
This activity is for self analysis
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion.
1.He has collected the contribution from his friends for a picnic. The picnic is to be organized
tomorrow in a big way. He has gone to make purchases but realises that the entire collection has
been lost. He will _
2.A His friend is sitting on hunger strike but his father warns him not to join him. He will ____
3.He has been asked to organize a charity show. He would _
4. A number of college representatives are to be selected, some by election, others by
nomination. He feels that his chances are not so bright for election. He would ___
5.He feels that workers in his organization are not paying sufficient attention to their work. He
would ......
This activity is for self analysis
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion.
#INTERNATIONAL_CURRENTAFFAIRS
#Important_notes_ssb
UNSC Rejects to Designate Indians as Terrorists
Why in news-The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has rejected all Pakistan’s requests to list four Indians as designated terrorists under its 1267 Committee for Counterterrorism Sanctions.
◆The USA, UK, France, Germany and Belgium blocked Pakistan's requests due to lack of evidence.
◆While the USA, UK and France are permanent members of the UNSC, Germany and Belgium are non-permanent members.
●In September 2019, Pakistan had alleged that four Indians working in Afghanistan, formed an Afghanistan-based “Indian terror syndicate” that was organising the banned terror groups Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Jamaat-Ul-Ahrar (JuA) to carry out attacks in Pakistan.
●Pakistan and China also moved the joint proposal to declare one of these four, as a sanctioned terrorist with links to TTP and JuA.
●This proposal received a veto from the USA in UNSC.
●Pakistan later claimed it had made a statement at an Open Debate of the Security Council on the Report of the Secretary-General on the Threats to International Peace and Security posed by Terrorism Actions, accusing India of terrorism.
●However, the UNSC President had refused to take cognisance of the statement, as Pakistan is not a member of the UNSC.
●India formally protested against this calling this a false claim.
Way Forward
◆While India’s role in combating terrorism has been internationally acclaimed, Pakistan is constantly facing rebuke on not doing enough to deal with terrorism on its soil. Rejection of Pakistan’s attempts to list Indians as terrorists will only taint Pakistan’s image in the global community.
◆In light of recent conflict between India and China and closeness of China with Pakistan, India needs to be concerned for its security. International support is crucial for India amidst rising tension with its neighbourhood.
◆The recent ceasefire violations by Pakistan are just another proof of lack of seriousness on its behalf in engaging peacefully with India. Although, India must not give up on establishing better diplomatic ties with Pakistan, until Pakistan takes a strong step towards elimination of state-backed terrorism, the likelihood of peace between India and Pakistan will remain low.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Important_notes_ssb
UNSC Rejects to Designate Indians as Terrorists
Why in news-The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) has rejected all Pakistan’s requests to list four Indians as designated terrorists under its 1267 Committee for Counterterrorism Sanctions.
◆The USA, UK, France, Germany and Belgium blocked Pakistan's requests due to lack of evidence.
◆While the USA, UK and France are permanent members of the UNSC, Germany and Belgium are non-permanent members.
●In September 2019, Pakistan had alleged that four Indians working in Afghanistan, formed an Afghanistan-based “Indian terror syndicate” that was organising the banned terror groups Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Jamaat-Ul-Ahrar (JuA) to carry out attacks in Pakistan.
●Pakistan and China also moved the joint proposal to declare one of these four, as a sanctioned terrorist with links to TTP and JuA.
●This proposal received a veto from the USA in UNSC.
●Pakistan later claimed it had made a statement at an Open Debate of the Security Council on the Report of the Secretary-General on the Threats to International Peace and Security posed by Terrorism Actions, accusing India of terrorism.
●However, the UNSC President had refused to take cognisance of the statement, as Pakistan is not a member of the UNSC.
●India formally protested against this calling this a false claim.
Way Forward
◆While India’s role in combating terrorism has been internationally acclaimed, Pakistan is constantly facing rebuke on not doing enough to deal with terrorism on its soil. Rejection of Pakistan’s attempts to list Indians as terrorists will only taint Pakistan’s image in the global community.
◆In light of recent conflict between India and China and closeness of China with Pakistan, India needs to be concerned for its security. International support is crucial for India amidst rising tension with its neighbourhood.
◆The recent ceasefire violations by Pakistan are just another proof of lack of seriousness on its behalf in engaging peacefully with India. Although, India must not give up on establishing better diplomatic ties with Pakistan, until Pakistan takes a strong step towards elimination of state-backed terrorism, the likelihood of peace between India and Pakistan will remain low.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Important_notes_ssb #Current_Affairs #GD_Material
J&K Official Languages Bill 2020
Why in News-Recently, the Union Cabinet has approved the Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Bill 2020 to be introduced in the monsoon session of Parliament.
◆The Bill will include Kashmiri, Dogri and Hindi as official languages in the newly-created Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
◆Only English and Urdu were official languages in the former State, which was bifurcated on 5th August 2019, with Ladakh becoming a separate Union Territory.
◆Dogri along with Bodo, Maithili and Santhali was added to the scheduled languages under the Eighth Schedule by 92nd Amendment Act of 2003, which consists of the following 22 languages:
◆Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, Santhali, Maithili and Dogri.
◆Of these languages, 14 were initially included in the Constitution.
◆Sindhi language was added by the 21st Amendment Act of 1967.
◆Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali were included by the 71st Amendment Act of 1992.
◆The Bill not only fulfills a long-pending public demand of the region but also keeps with the spirit of equality.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
J&K Official Languages Bill 2020
Why in News-Recently, the Union Cabinet has approved the Jammu and Kashmir Official Languages Bill 2020 to be introduced in the monsoon session of Parliament.
◆The Bill will include Kashmiri, Dogri and Hindi as official languages in the newly-created Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.
◆Only English and Urdu were official languages in the former State, which was bifurcated on 5th August 2019, with Ladakh becoming a separate Union Territory.
◆Dogri along with Bodo, Maithili and Santhali was added to the scheduled languages under the Eighth Schedule by 92nd Amendment Act of 2003, which consists of the following 22 languages:
◆Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Bodo, Santhali, Maithili and Dogri.
◆Of these languages, 14 were initially included in the Constitution.
◆Sindhi language was added by the 21st Amendment Act of 1967.
◆Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali were included by the 71st Amendment Act of 1992.
◆The Bill not only fulfills a long-pending public demand of the region but also keeps with the spirit of equality.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Forwarded from Athul
1. Yes two man, one pointing finger, village hut background
2. Many people digging and transporting mud
3. A person walking away from canon
4. Person walking in rain holding umberla with closed fist
5. A person in water logged area, another standing on rock and throwing rope
6. Family holding a son with mother and daughter in background
7. Mountain climbing with one on top and other on bottom... Seems bottom person having difficulty
8. Postman giving / handing over letter to a person
9. Bad weather and thunderstorm with boat seen and two aircrafts in air seen
10. A person washed on rockey shores and many looking into person
11. Person in sad mode and a dead body and doctor consolidating
2. Many people digging and transporting mud
3. A person walking away from canon
4. Person walking in rain holding umberla with closed fist
5. A person in water logged area, another standing on rock and throwing rope
6. Family holding a son with mother and daughter in background
7. Mountain climbing with one on top and other on bottom... Seems bottom person having difficulty
8. Postman giving / handing over letter to a person
9. Bad weather and thunderstorm with boat seen and two aircrafts in air seen
10. A person washed on rockey shores and many looking into person
11. Person in sad mode and a dead body and doctor consolidating
#Current_Affairs #Defence_News
Pangong Tso lake
Why in the news-Recently the Indian Army thwarted an attempt by China to change the status quo near the Line of Actual Control (LAC) by deploying its troops to a previously un-deployed area on the southern bank of the Pangong Tso Lake in eastern Ladakh.
◆It is an endorheic lake (landlocked) that is partly in India’s Ladakh region and partly in Tibet.
◆It is a brackish water lake.
◆The Karakoram Mountain range, which crosses Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, China and India, ends at the north bank of Pangong Tso.
◆Its southern bank to has high broken mountains sloping towards Spangur Lake in the South.
Tactical significance of the lake:
●It lies in the path of the Chushul approach, one of the main approaches that China can use for an offensive into Indian-held territory.
Fingers in the lake:
●The barren mountain called Chang Chenmo has palm like formations called ‘fingers’.
●India claims that the LAC is coterminous with Finger 8, but China claims that it starts from Line 2.
●India physically controls area only up to Finger 4.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Pangong Tso lake
Why in the news-Recently the Indian Army thwarted an attempt by China to change the status quo near the Line of Actual Control (LAC) by deploying its troops to a previously un-deployed area on the southern bank of the Pangong Tso Lake in eastern Ladakh.
◆It is an endorheic lake (landlocked) that is partly in India’s Ladakh region and partly in Tibet.
◆It is a brackish water lake.
◆The Karakoram Mountain range, which crosses Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, China and India, ends at the north bank of Pangong Tso.
◆Its southern bank to has high broken mountains sloping towards Spangur Lake in the South.
Tactical significance of the lake:
●It lies in the path of the Chushul approach, one of the main approaches that China can use for an offensive into Indian-held territory.
Fingers in the lake:
●The barren mountain called Chang Chenmo has palm like formations called ‘fingers’.
●India claims that the LAC is coterminous with Finger 8, but China claims that it starts from Line 2.
●India physically controls area only up to Finger 4.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Important_notes_ssb #Personal_Interview #Defence_equipment
Combat Tanks of Indian Army {1/2}
Role of MBT
◆The main battle tank fulfils the role the British had once called the "universal tank", filling almost all battlefield roles.
◆Reconnaissance by MBTs is performed in high-intensity conflicts where reconnaissance by light vehicles would be insufficient due to the necessity to "fight" for information.
◆In asymmetric warfare, main battle tanks are deployed in small, highly concentrated units. MBTs fire only at targets at close range and instead rely on external support such as unmanned aircraft for long-range combat.
◆The MBT has a positive morale effect on the infantry it accompanies. It also instils fear in the opposing force who can often hear and even feel their arrival.
MBT’s of India
●India and Pakistan have also used these tanks in wars of 1965 and 1971. Indian Army has approximately 3,250 battle tanks as compared to 2,496 tanks of the Pakistan Army.
Arjun MBT (Main Battle Tank)
1. MK 1
•Third Generation Tank developed by DRDO.
•Origin: India
•Quantity: 124
•Arjun MK 1 is in service.
•It has a 120 mm main gun with armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding ammunition.
•It also has one PKT 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun and 12.7mm machine gun.
•It has a single MTU multi-fuel diesel engine which gives out around 1400 BHP and can achieve max. Speed of 67 kmph.
•It has a capacity of 4 Crew members - commander, Gunner, Loader and Driver.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Combat Tanks of Indian Army {1/2}
Role of MBT
◆The main battle tank fulfils the role the British had once called the "universal tank", filling almost all battlefield roles.
◆Reconnaissance by MBTs is performed in high-intensity conflicts where reconnaissance by light vehicles would be insufficient due to the necessity to "fight" for information.
◆In asymmetric warfare, main battle tanks are deployed in small, highly concentrated units. MBTs fire only at targets at close range and instead rely on external support such as unmanned aircraft for long-range combat.
◆The MBT has a positive morale effect on the infantry it accompanies. It also instils fear in the opposing force who can often hear and even feel their arrival.
MBT’s of India
●India and Pakistan have also used these tanks in wars of 1965 and 1971. Indian Army has approximately 3,250 battle tanks as compared to 2,496 tanks of the Pakistan Army.
Arjun MBT (Main Battle Tank)
1. MK 1
•Third Generation Tank developed by DRDO.
•Origin: India
•Quantity: 124
•Arjun MK 1 is in service.
•It has a 120 mm main gun with armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding ammunition.
•It also has one PKT 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun and 12.7mm machine gun.
•It has a single MTU multi-fuel diesel engine which gives out around 1400 BHP and can achieve max. Speed of 67 kmph.
•It has a capacity of 4 Crew members - commander, Gunner, Loader and Driver.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Personal_Interview #Defence_equipment
Combat Tanks or Indian Army {2/2}
2. MK 1A
•Origin: India
•Quantity: 118 ordered after clearing trials in February 2015.
•It is the upgraded version of MK1.
For more about MK1 A, Click
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/479
T-90S “Bhishma” (Main Battle Tank)
•Origin: Russia-India
•Quantity: 2078
•In service
•It is the upgraded version of T 72 tanks, produced by India domestically.
•It is equipped with French Thales-built Catherine-FC thermal sight and utilises Russian-5 K-5 explosive reactive armor plates.
•It consists of an 1130 HP engine and a top speed of 60 Kmph.
•It has a powerful 125 smoothbore gun and 12.7mm heavy machine gun.
T-72 Ajeya (Main Battle Tank)
•Origin: Soviet Union-Poland-India
•Quantity: 968
•In service
•In 1978 500 T-72 tanks were purchased by India from Russia.
•It has a main gun of 125mm
Combat Tanks or Indian Army {2/2}
2. MK 1A
•Origin: India
•Quantity: 118 ordered after clearing trials in February 2015.
•It is the upgraded version of MK1.
For more about MK1 A, Click
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/479
T-90S “Bhishma” (Main Battle Tank)
•Origin: Russia-India
•Quantity: 2078
•In service
•It is the upgraded version of T 72 tanks, produced by India domestically.
•It is equipped with French Thales-built Catherine-FC thermal sight and utilises Russian-5 K-5 explosive reactive armor plates.
•It consists of an 1130 HP engine and a top speed of 60 Kmph.
•It has a powerful 125 smoothbore gun and 12.7mm heavy machine gun.
T-72 Ajeya (Main Battle Tank)
•Origin: Soviet Union-Poland-India
•Quantity: 968
•In service
•In 1978 500 T-72 tanks were purchased by India from Russia.
•It has a main gun of 125mm
Telegram
SSB Future Officers
#Important_notes_ssb
#Defence_equipment
Arjun Mark 1-A ‘Hunter Killers’ Battle Tank
●developed by DRDO,better firepower and stability than the Arjun main battle tank (MBT) with 14 major improvements.
●Arjun has a 120mm rifled gun capable of firing…
#Defence_equipment
Arjun Mark 1-A ‘Hunter Killers’ Battle Tank
●developed by DRDO,better firepower and stability than the Arjun main battle tank (MBT) with 14 major improvements.
●Arjun has a 120mm rifled gun capable of firing…
#Personal_Interview #Defence_equipment
1. MK 1 A
2. T-90S Bhisma
3. T-72 Ajeya
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
1. MK 1 A
2. T-90S Bhisma
3. T-72 Ajeya
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette
#GD_Material
Digital Education in India {1/2}
◆Owing to the coronavirus pandemic, the education sector is in crisis at the moment. Educational institutes are closed and most probably, they will remain closed through 2020 due to an increasing number of Covid-19 cases. This could even extend to 2021.
◆In this situation online education has come to the rescue of the cause of education. However there are several challenges of online education and the same needs to be fixed.
Challenges of Digital Education
Lack of Proper Study Room
●Census 2011 tells us that 71 per cent of households with three or more members have dwellings with two rooms or less (74 per cent in rural and 64 per cent in urban areas).
●In such a situation how will the children avail education in an undisturbed ambience remain a huge question.
Inadequate Internet Penetration
●According to National Sample Survey data for 2017-18, only 42 percent of urban and 15 percent of rural households had internet access, and only 34 per cent of urban and 11 per cent of rural persons had used the internet in the past 30 days.
●These data clearly suggest that 2/3rd of the children will be left out of the online education process.
●The worst affected, as always, will be the marginalised, rural and poor populations.
Slow Internet Speed
●When it comes to online education, it is mostly about communicating with teachers directly through video calls or watching online video lectures, and both require high-speed with a stable internet connection.
●In absence of adequate speed of the internet the whole idea will fail. We can see the same from the UT of Jammu and Kashmir when there are regular protests by the students as they are not able to study in absence of proper internet connection.
No Standard Policy
●Digital education is not about videos of lectures on blackboards by teachers on the internet.
●It is about appropriate platforms, technology, tools, interactivity, curation, content and a lot more.
●We lack a proper policy on digital education, infrastructure, content, interaction and multiple languages.
Lack of Social Cohesion
●Public educational institutions also play an exemplary role in social inclusion and relative equality.
●It is the place where people of all genders, classes, castes, and communities can meet without one group being forced to bow to others.
●This is critical learning for life which may not be supplemented by online education.
Teacher Training
●Teachers look after the mental, emotional and social health of children in schools.
●Schooling is supposed to look after the emotional, social and behavioural health of children, which is diametrically opposite to social distancing.
●Teachers are not adequately trained to inculcate these learnings through online mediums.
Issue of Parenting
●Another challenge is to keep thousands of children out of school when their parents return to their work spaces post lock down.
●Who will assume responsibility for a child’s safety and learning at home remains a huge problem.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#GD_Material
Digital Education in India {1/2}
◆Owing to the coronavirus pandemic, the education sector is in crisis at the moment. Educational institutes are closed and most probably, they will remain closed through 2020 due to an increasing number of Covid-19 cases. This could even extend to 2021.
◆In this situation online education has come to the rescue of the cause of education. However there are several challenges of online education and the same needs to be fixed.
Challenges of Digital Education
Lack of Proper Study Room
●Census 2011 tells us that 71 per cent of households with three or more members have dwellings with two rooms or less (74 per cent in rural and 64 per cent in urban areas).
●In such a situation how will the children avail education in an undisturbed ambience remain a huge question.
Inadequate Internet Penetration
●According to National Sample Survey data for 2017-18, only 42 percent of urban and 15 percent of rural households had internet access, and only 34 per cent of urban and 11 per cent of rural persons had used the internet in the past 30 days.
●These data clearly suggest that 2/3rd of the children will be left out of the online education process.
●The worst affected, as always, will be the marginalised, rural and poor populations.
Slow Internet Speed
●When it comes to online education, it is mostly about communicating with teachers directly through video calls or watching online video lectures, and both require high-speed with a stable internet connection.
●In absence of adequate speed of the internet the whole idea will fail. We can see the same from the UT of Jammu and Kashmir when there are regular protests by the students as they are not able to study in absence of proper internet connection.
No Standard Policy
●Digital education is not about videos of lectures on blackboards by teachers on the internet.
●It is about appropriate platforms, technology, tools, interactivity, curation, content and a lot more.
●We lack a proper policy on digital education, infrastructure, content, interaction and multiple languages.
Lack of Social Cohesion
●Public educational institutions also play an exemplary role in social inclusion and relative equality.
●It is the place where people of all genders, classes, castes, and communities can meet without one group being forced to bow to others.
●This is critical learning for life which may not be supplemented by online education.
Teacher Training
●Teachers look after the mental, emotional and social health of children in schools.
●Schooling is supposed to look after the emotional, social and behavioural health of children, which is diametrically opposite to social distancing.
●Teachers are not adequately trained to inculcate these learnings through online mediums.
Issue of Parenting
●Another challenge is to keep thousands of children out of school when their parents return to their work spaces post lock down.
●Who will assume responsibility for a child’s safety and learning at home remains a huge problem.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette
#GD_Material
Digital Education in India. {2/2}
Way Forward
Bharat Network
◆National Optical Fibre Network (NOFN) now called Bharat Network aims to connect all 2,50,000 panchayats at the cost of over Rs 40,000 crore.
◆Through BharatNet, the government envisages providing a minimum of 100 Mbps bandwidth at each Gram Panchayat so that online services can be accessed by everyone, especially those in rural India.
◆This includes e-governance, e-learning, e-banking, e-commerce and e-health services.
◆Once completed the Infrastructure will be a national asset and non-discriminatory access will be a game changer in the method of service delivery and hence it must be fast tracked.
National Knowledge Network (NKN)
◆NKN is a multi-gigabit national research and education network, whose purpose is to provide a unified high speed network backbone for educational institutions in India.
◆The NKN was established as a high bandwidth network to connect all knowledge-creating organisations comprising IITs, IIMs, universities, research labs and other e-governance institutions up to the district level.
◆It was aimed at encouraging collaborative development and building a repository of knowledge in all fields.
◆This network exists and is fully functional but only a few institutions take full advantage of it because of a lack of understanding, local facilities, funding and technical expertise.
◆NKN is being expanded soon, which is a positive step. There is, however, an urgent need to also make it a core component of the Digital India initiative and leverage it to provide e-services at the bottom of the economic pyramid.
Increased Financing
◆Governments will have to think very seriously about allocating more money in the budget for technical education in schools.
◆Increasing the education budget to 6% of the GDP is a welcome move in the New National Education Policy-2020 unveiled a few days back.
Parents and Teachers Training
◆Most of the teachers and parents are not technically sound and many of them even lack the basic knowledge about technology.
◆It is important that they are trained in that regard so that the fruits of their knowledge can reach the students.
Increase Accessibility
◆The pandemic has taught us a lot about adjusting to changes in new and creative ways. But taking the weaker sections along is equally necessary.
◆Inclusion in distance learning programs, especially for students coming from low-income groups or the presence of disability is very important.
◆Government needs to provide support for digitalization to teachers as well as students by making such platforms and content available for free.
◆They must be assured the required infrastructure for online learning such as smartphones, and laptops.
Conclusion
●Digital education is fun learning for all cadres and particularly effective for child learning as the innovative audio-video feature boosts the cognitive elements in a child’s brain.
●The INFO-TAINMENT combination involved in digital learning makes it more practical, applicable and relatable to our life and surroundings in an interesting manner.
●Students view this as a flexible option allowing them to study as per their time and pace. Teachers too find it convenient to prepare their learning plans well aided by technology.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#GD_Material
Digital Education in India. {2/2}
Way Forward
Bharat Network
◆National Optical Fibre Network (NOFN) now called Bharat Network aims to connect all 2,50,000 panchayats at the cost of over Rs 40,000 crore.
◆Through BharatNet, the government envisages providing a minimum of 100 Mbps bandwidth at each Gram Panchayat so that online services can be accessed by everyone, especially those in rural India.
◆This includes e-governance, e-learning, e-banking, e-commerce and e-health services.
◆Once completed the Infrastructure will be a national asset and non-discriminatory access will be a game changer in the method of service delivery and hence it must be fast tracked.
National Knowledge Network (NKN)
◆NKN is a multi-gigabit national research and education network, whose purpose is to provide a unified high speed network backbone for educational institutions in India.
◆The NKN was established as a high bandwidth network to connect all knowledge-creating organisations comprising IITs, IIMs, universities, research labs and other e-governance institutions up to the district level.
◆It was aimed at encouraging collaborative development and building a repository of knowledge in all fields.
◆This network exists and is fully functional but only a few institutions take full advantage of it because of a lack of understanding, local facilities, funding and technical expertise.
◆NKN is being expanded soon, which is a positive step. There is, however, an urgent need to also make it a core component of the Digital India initiative and leverage it to provide e-services at the bottom of the economic pyramid.
Increased Financing
◆Governments will have to think very seriously about allocating more money in the budget for technical education in schools.
◆Increasing the education budget to 6% of the GDP is a welcome move in the New National Education Policy-2020 unveiled a few days back.
Parents and Teachers Training
◆Most of the teachers and parents are not technically sound and many of them even lack the basic knowledge about technology.
◆It is important that they are trained in that regard so that the fruits of their knowledge can reach the students.
Increase Accessibility
◆The pandemic has taught us a lot about adjusting to changes in new and creative ways. But taking the weaker sections along is equally necessary.
◆Inclusion in distance learning programs, especially for students coming from low-income groups or the presence of disability is very important.
◆Government needs to provide support for digitalization to teachers as well as students by making such platforms and content available for free.
◆They must be assured the required infrastructure for online learning such as smartphones, and laptops.
Conclusion
●Digital education is fun learning for all cadres and particularly effective for child learning as the innovative audio-video feature boosts the cognitive elements in a child’s brain.
●The INFO-TAINMENT combination involved in digital learning makes it more practical, applicable and relatable to our life and surroundings in an interesting manner.
●Students view this as a flexible option allowing them to study as per their time and pace. Teachers too find it convenient to prepare their learning plans well aided by technology.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Ankit)
#Personal_Interview
#Know_Your_State
In the personal interview, many questions are asked from the places you belong and you write in the PIQ form like tourism, population, constituencies and many other basic things. We will help you to know all basic things about your states and places.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Know_Your_State
In the personal interview, many questions are asked from the places you belong and you write in the PIQ form like tourism, population, constituencies and many other basic things. We will help you to know all basic things about your states and places.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Ankit)
Maharashtra.pdf
215.9 KB
Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Ankit)
Punjab.pdf
288.7 KB
Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Amal)
#INTWERVIEW_QUESTION
for all AFCAT entry and AFSB candidates
1)What is the honarary rank of IAF and who all have got it?
2)What is meant by sonic boom?
3)What is ceiling with respect to aeronautics?
for more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
for all AFCAT entry and AFSB candidates
1)What is the honarary rank of IAF and who all have got it?
2)What is meant by sonic boom?
3)What is ceiling with respect to aeronautics?
for more @ssbgeneraldiscussion