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" VERY IMPORTANT IMAGE"
today just try to send your idea/perception/situation along with ACTIONS/ STORY.

Responses between 7pm to 8pm will only get the review

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#Defence_News #Current_Affairs
#Defence_equipment

IAF inducted 5 French Rafale Aircrafts -

Why in News-Recently, Indian Air Force (IAF) has received its first batch (5 out of 36) of French Rafale aviation combat aircraft at Ambala Air base (Haryana).

◆The Rafales are India's first major acquisition of fighter planes in 23 years after the Sukhoi jets were imported from Russia.
◆All the 36 jets will be delivered to India by the end of 2021.

Specification
●Air Supremacy: Equipped with a wide range of weapons, the Rafale is intended to perform air supremacy, interdiction (act of disrupting), aerial reconnaissance (observation to locate an enemy), ground support, in-depth strike, anti-ship strike and nuclear deterrence missions.
●Wide Range of Weapons: Meteor missile, Scalp cruise missile and MICA weapons system will be the mainstay of the weapons package of the Rafale jets.
◆◆Meteor: It is the next generation of Beyond Visual Range (BVR) air-to-air missile (BVRAAM) designed to revolutionise air-to-air combat.
--The Meteor missile can target enemy aircraft from 150 km away. It can destroy enemy aircraft before they actually even get close to the Indian aircraft.
◆◆SCALP Cruise Missiles: It can hit targets 300 km away.
◆◆MICA Missile System: It is a very versatile air-to-air missile. It comes with a radar seeker and can be fired for the short-range to long-range as well right up to 100 km.

●It's already in service with the IAF i.e. Mirages and is the primary weapon system of Rafales as well.
●Air to Air Target: The ability to strike air-to-air targets from up to 150 km away and safely hit land targets 300 km within enemy territory make them some of the deadliest fighter jets flying in the world.
●Flight Hours: The aircraft has 30,000 flight hours in operations.

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Protesting is a fundamental Right : UN

Why in News-Recently, the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Committee has reaffirmed that protesting peacefully, online or in person, is a fundamental human right.

◆This statement has come in the backdrop of increasing demonstrations over issues like political rights and racial justice.

◆UN Human Rights Committee: It is tasked with monitoring how countries implement the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 1976, which under Article 21 guarantees the right to peaceful assembly.

Latest Interpretation of the Right to Peaceful Assembly:

●Fundamental Human Right for People: To gather to celebrate or to air grievances in public and in private spaces, outdoors, indoors and online is a fundamental human right.
●Protesters: Everyone, including children, foreign nationals, women, migrant workers, asylum seekers and refugees, can exercise the right of peaceful assembly.
◆Protection: Protesters have the right to wear masks or hoods to cover their face and that Governments should not collect personal data to harass or intimidate participants.
●Role of Journalists and Human Rights Observers: They have the right to monitor and document any assembly, including violent and unlawful ones.

Government Obligations:
◆Governments could not prohibit protests by making “generalised references to public order or public safety, or an unspecified risk of potential violence”.
◆Governments cannot block internet networks or close down any website because of their roles in organising or soliciting a peaceful assembly.
◆Significance: The Committee’s interpretation will be important guidance for judges in national and regional courts around the world, as it now forms part of what is known as ‘soft law’.
◆The interpretation is a form of legal advice (not mandatory) from the Committee that monitors the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) 1976.

Indian Scenario:
●India is a state party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
●The right to protest, to publicly question and force the government to answer, is a fundamental political right of the people that flows directly from a democratic reading of Article 19 of the Constitution of India.
●Article 19 (1) (a) states that all citizens shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression.
●Article 19 (1) (b) states that all citizens shall have the right to assemble peaceably and without arms.
●However, the State can impose reasonable restrictions on the exercise of right of assembly on two grounds, namely, sovereignty and integrity of India and public order including the maintenance of traffic in the area concerned.
●Further, Indian courts have reiterated that the right to protest is a fundamental right (Ramlila Maidan Incident v. Home Secretary, Union Of India & Ors. case -2012).

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INDIA AND AIIB-

Why in News-Jin Liqun has been re-elected as the President of the China-based Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) for a second five-year term.

◆The President stated that the bank would remain an “apolitical institution” and continue to back projects in India.
◆The management will look at the proposed projects from the economic and financial point of view and not with a political view.

●India was among the AIIB’s 57 founding members in 2016.
●It is also its second-largest shareholder (with 7.62% voting shares) after China (26.06%).
●It has received USD 4.35 billion from the Bank.
●This is the highest of any country, with the bank so far approving loans of USD 19.6 billion to support 87 projects in 24 countries.
●Turkey is second with USD 1.95 billion.
●AIIB has approved financing projects in India in a host of sectors like energy, transport and water including the Bangalore metro rail project (USD 335 million), Gujarat rural roads project (USD 329 million) and Phase 3 of the Mumbai urban transport project (USD 500 million).
●In a recent virtual meeting, India said that it expects AIIB to introduce new financing instruments, provide financing for social infrastructure and to integrate development of climate resilient and sustainable energy access infrastructure into AIIB’s recovery response to the Covid-19 crisis.
●This implies that India is unlikely to alter its engagement with the China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), despite a host of offensive measures announced recently to reduce its trade and investment links with China.

Chinese Angle:
◆In June 2020, AIIB approved USD 500 million for Covid-19 Emergency Response Fund and Health Systems Preparedness Project and another USD 750 million for Covid-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support, in a co-financing arrangement with the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
◆USD 750 million loan was approved two days after the clash in Galwan Valley in Ladakh along the India-China border.
◆It has supported several projects under the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) framework, but is not formally linked to the plan.
◆India has concerns over the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor - a part of the BRI.

Way Forward
●India should continue to engage with AIIB as it will be able to access resources for the financing of national and cross-border infrastructure projects from the Bank.
●AIIB is also significant as the World Bank is continued to be dominated by the USA while Japan has more influence over Asian Development Bank (ADB).
●Further, India needs to ensure that its own interests are served by its membership very explicitly. It should make sure that AIIB doesn’t end up becoming a tool of Chinese geopolitical agenda.

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India Signs Contract with Turkey’s TAIS Shipyards for Five Fleet Support Vessels

◆India has signed a formal contract, worth $2.3 billion (about Rs 15,000 crore), with Turkey's TAIS Ship yards to build five 45,000-ton fleet support vessels (FSVs) for the Indian Navy.

◆The contract signing was put on hold in October last year after questions were raised on Turkey’s links with India’s ‘arch-rival’ Pakistan and the recent diplomatic tiff with the Turkish government.

◆It was announced last year that Turkey’s TAIS had emerged as the lowest bidder for a contract to manufacture five of the FSVs for the Indian Navy. According to the contract, TAIS will manufacture the ships in a local shipyard, the state-owned Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL).

◆The contract was signed by HSL last month after clearances were given by the Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD). The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) was also reportedly consulted before the decision to go ahead with the deal was taken.

◆TAIS will be responsible for the modernization of the local shipyard, the design of the ships, engineering services, planning and management of production, preparation of shipbuilding material specifications and main materials.

◆According to a previous announcement by TAIS, the contract with the Indian Navy was to be officially signed by Anadolu Shipyard (ADiK), a subsidiary of TAIS.

◆The construction of the first vessel was initially scheduled to begin by the end of 2020, with the first vessel expected to be delivered to the Navy in 2024. The remaining four vessels will be completed in 10-month intervals. It is not currently known if the delay in the contract signing will affect the delivery schedule.

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A long road: On National Education Policy 2020
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/editorial/a-long-road-the-hindu-editorial-on-national-education-policy-2020/article32233472.ece
-via Opeddiction

#Personal_Interview
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#DAILY_GD_practice
"PLEASE" READ EACH WORD PROPERLY

Russia has been considered as a time tested friend during the major Indian war against neighbouring countries. Recently, that bond is deteriorating due to number of changes and incidents in global politics.

Discuss: India-Russia relations.

SUBPOINTS
1. Current condition on global level
2. Challenges/Changes
3. Way forward for India

TRY TO GIVE YOUR POINT OF VIEW ON EACH POINT. TO UTILIZE YOUR OWN TIME IN A GAINFULL MANNER JUST PARTICIPATION SHOULD NOT BE THE PRIMARY GOAL GENTLEMAN.
to join the discussion :- https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion

Hey folks
We will be conducting a GOOGLE MEET session for PPDT practice at 11 45 am . Those interested can join in, only early comers can be entertained as we have a limit of only 14 candidates today. Those who have already attended kindly give chance to others so that everyone can get benefit of this.
Link will be provided 2 mins before the session.

INDUCTION OF RAFALE IN INDIAN AIR FORCE | Indian Air Force | Government of India
https://indianairforce.nic.in/content/induction-rafale-indian-air-force-0

SSB dates are out for the remaining entries. All the best everyone.

the structure of writing PPDT story is .
___________________________________________

No. of characters :-
_____________
gender:- M/F
age:- in YEARS
mood:- +ve / -ve /0 neutral
——————-
Action:-

your story:-

_____________________________________

#INTERNATIONAL_CURRENTAFFAIRS

Dispute Panels Against India : WTO

Why in News-Recently, the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has set up two dispute settlement panels targeting import duties imposed by India on a number of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) products including mobile phones.

◆It was done on the request of Japan and Taiwan, taking up the number of panels constituted to examine the same tariff-related issue to three.
◆In June 2020, the European Union (EU) had a panel established against India on the same issue.

Key Points
●The panels would determine whether India’s customs duties on imports of certain ICT products infringe the WTO’s norms or not.
●The panels have been set up to decide on 20% customs duty levied by India on mobile phones and some other ICT products.
●India decided to levy 10% customs duty on these products for the first time in July 2017 which was increased to 15% in the same year.
●These custom duties were further increased to 20% despite opposition from a number of WTO members.
●The EU, USA, China, Singapore, Taiwan, Canada, Japan and Thailand initiated consultations with India on the matter claiming that the move substantially affects them.
●The goods covered in the complaint include telephones for cellular networks or for other wireless networks; base stations; machines for the reception, conversion and transmission or regeneration of voice, images or other data, etc.

Complainants’ Arguments:
◆Japan and Taiwan said that their failed consultations with India prompted them to submit the requests for panels.
◆Japan, Taiwan and the EU have argued that these products fall within the scope of the relevant tariff lines for which India has set the bound rate of 0% for its WTO schedule of commitments.
◆Bound Rates are the legally bound commitments on customs duty rates, which act as ceilings on the tariffs that member governments can set.
◆Once a rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised without compensating the affected parties
◆They held that India is applying tariffs on ITC goods falling under five tariff lines in excess of the 0% bound rate and that for some products, the applied tariff rate was as high as 20% some times.
◆Tariff Line refers to the classification codes of goods, applied by individual countries, that are longer than the 6-digit level of the Harmonized System (HS).
◆HS is a system of code numbers for identifying products. The codes are standard up to six digits. Beyond that countries can introduce national distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes.

India’s Stand:
●India managed to block Japan’s first request for a panel on the grounds that the complaint undermined India’s sovereignty.
●India also rejected the EU’s suggestion of agreeing to one consolidated panel combining complaints from all three of them and saving time and resources.
●India argued that all three complainants are seeking to get the country to take on commitments under the Information Technology Agreement-II (ITA-II) which it never agreed to.

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#Science_Technology

International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Assembly -

Why in News-Recently, the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) celebrated the start of Assembly of the ITER Tokamak at Saint-Paul-Lez-Durance, France.

Significance of the Event:
◆The Celebration was hosted virtually by the French President and all ITER member countries participated either in person, or electronically through remote mode.
◆India also participated in the celebrations and considered the global participation of scientists to project as a perfect illustration of the age-old Indian belief - Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.
◆Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam is a Sanskrit phrase which means ‘The World is One Family’.

India’s Contribution:
●India also mentioned about its fair share in terms of its in-kind contributions, viz., the cryostat, cryogenic and cryo-distribution systems, auxiliary heating devices, multi megawatt power supplies, etc.
●ITER cryostat is manufactured by India (Larsen and Tourbo). Cryostat is a chamber that can maintain very low temperatures.
●It is the largest stainless steel high-vacuum pressure chamber ever built (16,000 m3) providing the high vacuum, ultra cool environment for the ITER vacuum vessel and the superconducting magnets.
●The target for the first plasma is 2025. At extreme temperatures, electrons are separated from nuclei and a gas becomes a plasma—an ionized state of matter similar to a gas.
●European Union (EU) is responsible for the largest portion of construction costs (45.6%); the remainder is shared equally by China, Japan, South Korea, Russia, USA including India (9.1% each).

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#Personal_Interview
#Know_Your_State

In the personal interview, many questions are asked from the places you belong and you write in the PIQ form like tourism, population, constituencies and many other basic things. We will help you to know all basic things about your states and places.

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion