#Sports_Series #Personal_Interview

Team India claims their 8th Asian Kabaddi Championship title in an electrifying final against arch-rivals Iran.

✔️About Kabaddi Game : https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/4796?single

https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/4795?single

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#TO_ALL_LADIES_GENTLEMAN

AFCAT 02/2023 Detailed Notification

▪️Apply Online: 01 JUN to 30 JUN 2023

▪️Vacancies: 276

▪️EXAM DATE : 25,26,27 AUG 2023

▪️Apply Link : https://afcat.cdac.in/afcatreg/candidate/login

#TO_ALL_LADIES_GENTLEMAN

NOTIFICATION FOR 10+2 B.TECH – JAN 24 BATCH

Applications are invited from unmarried male and female candidates (fulfilling the conditions of nationality as laid down by the Govt. of India) to join the prestigious Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala, Kerala for a four year B. Tech degree course under the 10+2 (B. Tech) Cadet Entry Scheme for Executive & Technical branch.

🔸 Vacancies: 30(max 9 for women)
🔸Event Start Date: 10/06/2023
🔸Event End Date: 30/06/2023
🔸Who can apply: Candidates who have appeared for JEE (Main) - 2023 exam (for B.E/ B. Tech). Call up for Service Selection Board (SSB) will be issued on the basis of JEE (Main) All India Common Rank List (CRL) - 2023 published by NTA.

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#TO_ALL_LADIES_GENTLEMAN

Last date reminder for AFCAT 02/2023 AND 10+2 BTECH INDIAN NAVY NOTIFICATION

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

Uniform Civil Code(UCC) [1/2]

✓The Law Commission of India has asked for views and proposals from the public regarding the UCC.

✓The UCC has been a highly debated and politically charged issue in India. The Law Commission's previous stance on the UCC was that it was neither necessary nor desirable.

✓UCC is a proposal to replace the personal laws of various religious communities with a common set of laws for all citizens.

❓What is Uniform Civil Code?

➖About:

✓The Uniform Civil Code is mentioned in Article 44 of the Indian Constitution, which is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy.

✓These principles are not legally enforceable but are meant to guide the state in making policies.
It has been supported by some as a way to promote national integration and gender justice, but opposed by others as a threat to religious freedom and diversity.

✓The only state in India that has a UCC is Goa, which retained its common family law known as the Goa Civil Code after it was liberated from Portuguese rule in 1961.

✓The rest of India follows different personal laws based on their religious or community identity.

➖Personal Laws in India:

✓Currently, not only Muslims but also Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, Sikhs, Parsis, and Jews are governed by their own personal laws.

✓Personal laws are determined based on religious identity.
The reformed Hindu Personal Law still incorporates certain traditional practices.

✓Differences arise when Hindus and Muslims marry under the Special Marriage Act, where Hindus continue to be governed by Hindu Personal Law, but Muslims are not.

‼️What are the Challenges in Implementing UCC?

🔸Diverse Personal Laws and Customary Practices:

✓India is a country of diverse religions, cultures and traditions.Each community has its own set of personal laws and customs that govern their civil matters.

✓These laws and practices vary widely across regions, sects and groups.To find a common ground and uniformity among such diversity is very difficult and complex.

✓Moreover, many personal laws are not codified or documented, but are based on oral or written sources that are often ambiguous or contradictory.

🔸Resistance from Religious and Minority Groups:

✓Many religious and minority group's view UCC as an infringement on their religious freedom and cultural autonomy.

✓They fear that UCC would impose a majoritarian or homogenous law that would disregard their identity and diversity.

✓They also argue that UCC would violate their constitutional rights under Article 25, which guarantees the freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.

🔸Lack of Political Will and Consensus:

✓There is a lack of political will and consensus among the government, the legislature, the judiciary and the civil society to initiate and implement UCC.

✓There are also apprehensions that UCC could provoke communal tensions and conflicts in the society.

🔸Practical Difficulties and Complexities:

✓UCC would require a massive exercise of drafting, codifying, harmonising and rationalising the various personal laws and practices in India.

✓It would require a wide consultation and participation of various stakeholders, including religious leaders, legal experts, women’s organisations, etc.

✓It would also require a robust mechanism of enforcement and awareness to ensure compliance and acceptance of UCC by the people.

❗What are the Benefits of UCC?

🔹National Integration and Secularism:

✓UCC would promote national integration and secularism by creating a common identity and sense of belonging among all citizens.

✓It would also reduce the communal and sectarian conflicts that arise due to different personal laws.

✓It would uphold the constitutional values of equality, fraternity and dignity for all.

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

Uniform Civil Code(UCC) [2/2]

🔹Gender Justice and Equality:

✓UCC would ensure gender justice and equality by removing the discrimination and oppression faced by women under various personal laws.

✓It would grant equal rights and status to women in matters of marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, maintenance, etc.

✓It would also empower women to challenge the patriarchal and regressive practices that violate their fundamental rights.

🔹Simplification and Rationalisation of the Legal System:

✓UCC would simplify and rationalise the legal system by removing the complexities and contradictions of multiple personal laws.

✓It would harmonise the civil and criminal laws by removing the anomalies and loopholes that arise due to different personal laws.

✓It would make the law more accessible and understandable for the common people.

🔹Modernisation and Reform of Outdated and Regressive Practices:

✓UCC would modernise and reform the outdated and regressive practices that are prevalent in some personal laws.

✓It would eliminate the practices that are against the human rights and values enshrined in the Constitution of India, such as triple talaq, polygamy, child marriage, etc.

✓It would also accommodate the changing social realities and aspirations of the people.

⁉️What are the Important Cases Related to UCC?

▪️Shah Bano Begum v. Mohammad Ahmed Khan (1985):

✓The Supreme Court upheld the right of a Muslim woman to claim maintenance from her husband under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code, even after the expiry of the Iddat period.

✓It also observed that a UCC would help in removing contradictions based on ideologies.

▪️Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India (1995):

✓The Supreme Court held that a Hindu husband cannot convert to Islam and marry another woman without dissolving his first marriage.

✓It also stated that a UCC would prevent such fraudulent conversions and bigamous marriages.

▪️Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017):

✓The Supreme Court declared the practice of triple talaq as unconstitutional and violative of the dignity and equality of Muslim women.

✓It also recommended that the Parliament should enact a law to regulate Muslim marriages and divorces.

❓What Should be the Way Forward?

🔸Unity and Uniformity:

✓The recommended UCC should reflect India's multiculturalism and preserve its diversity.

✓Unity is more important than uniformity.

✓The Indian Constitution allows for both integrationist and restricted multicultural approaches to accommodate cultural differences.

🔸Discussion and Deliberations with Stakeholders:

✓Also, involving a broad range of stakeholders, including religious leaders, legal experts, and community representatives, in the process of developing and implementing the UCC.

✓This could help to ensure that the UCC takes into account the diverse perspectives and needs of different groups, and that it is seen as fair and legitimate by all citizens.

🔸Striking a Balance:

✓The Law Commission should aim to eliminate only those practices that do not meet the constitutional standards.

✓Cultural practices must align with substantive equality and gender justice goals.

✓The Commission should avoid contributing to reactive culturalism among different communities.

✓The Muslim clergy should lead the reform process of Muslim Personal Law by identifying discriminatory and oppressive issues and considering progressive views.

🔸Constitutional Perspective:

✓The Indian Constitution upholds the right to cultural autonomy and aims for cultural accommodation.
Article 29(1) protects the distinctive culture of all citizens.

✓Muslims need to question whether practices like polygamy and arbitrary unilateral divorce align with their cultural values.

✓The focus should be on achieving a just code that promotes equality and justice.

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

Railway Accidents in India: Causes and Safety Measures [1/3]

✓The Indian Railways is one of the largest railway networks in the world, with millions of people relying on it for transportation every day.

✓Statistics show that over the last two decades, the number of derailments which constitute the majority of accidents has drastically declined from around 350 per year around the turn of the millennium, to 22 in 2021-22. 

✓However, accidents like the one that occurred at Bahanaga Bazar railway station at Balasore highlight the need for better safety measures and infrastructure.

✓The loss of so many lives is a tragic reminder of the importance of ensuring that the railways are safe for everyone who uses them.

✓In response to this incident, there have been calls for accountability from those in charge of the Railways, as well as a need to address the systemic issues that may have contributed to the accident.

✓Experts are offering suggestions on how to prevent similar incidents from happening in the future, such as improving signalling systems and investing in better technology.

✓Furthermore, there have been comparisons made with Railway systems abroad, highlighting the need for India to improve its infrastructure and safety measures to match those of other countries.

✓Overall, this incident has brought attention to the importance of ensuring that the Indian Railways are safe and reliable for everyone who uses them.

‼️What are the Primary Reasons behind Railway Accidents?

➖Infrastructure Defects: 

✓The railway infrastructure, which includes tracks, bridges, overhead wires, and rolling stock, is often defective due to poor maintenance, ageing, vandalism, sabotage, or natural disasters.

✓Much of the infrastructure was built in the 19th and 20th centuries and has not been upgraded to meet the growing demand and modern standards.

✓The railway system also suffers from a lack of funds, corruption, and inefficiency, which hamper its development and maintenance.

✓Moreover, many routes are operating at over 100% capacity, which increases the risk of accidents due to congestion and overloading.

➖Human Errors: 

✓The railway staff, who are responsible for operating, maintaining, and managing the trains and tracks, are prone to human errors due to fatigue, negligence, corruption, or disregard for safety rules and procedures.

✓Human errors can result in wrong signalling, miscommunication, over speeding, or overlooking defects or hazards.

✓The railway staff also lack adequate training and communication skills, which affect their performance and coordination.

➖Signalling Failures: 

✓The signalling system, which controls the movement and direction of trains on the tracks, can fail due to technical glitches, power outages, or human errors.

✓Signalling failures can lead to trains running on the wrong track, colliding with other trains or stationary objects, or overshooting stations.

✓For example, the recent train accident in Odisha was reportedly caused by a change in electronic interlocking that was not communicated properly to the drivers.

➖Unmanned level crossings (UMLCs): 

✓UMLCs are places where railway tracks crossroads without any barriers or signals to regulate traffic.

✓UMLCs pose a high risk of accidents as vehicles or pedestrians may not notice the approaching train or may try to cross the track when the train is near.

✓In 2018-19, UMLCs accounted for 16% of all train accidents in India.

✓The railways have eliminated all the unmanned level crossings (UMLCs) on broad gauge routes, but there are still many manned level crossings (MLCs) that pose a risk of accidents.

⁉️What has Railways Done to Reduce Accidents so far?

➖Rashtriya Rail Sanraksha Kosh (RRSK):

✓ A safety fund for critical assets. It was established in 2017-18 with a corpus of Rs 1 lakh crore over a period of five years for critical safety related works such as track renewals, signalling projects, bridge rehabilitation, etc.

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

Railway Accidents in India: Causes and Safety Measures [2/3]

➖Technological Upgradation:

✓Improved design and features of coaches and wagons. This includes introducing Modified Centre Buffer Couplers, Bogie Mounted Air Brake System (BMBS), improved suspension design and provision of Automatic fire & smoke detection system in coaches.

✓ It also includes installing KAVACH - an indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection (ATP).

➖LHB Design Coaches:

✓Lighter and safer coaches for Mail/Express trains. These coaches are based on German technology and have better anti-climbing features, fire retardant materials, higher speed potential and longer service life than conventional ICF design coaches.

➖GPS based Fog Pass Device:

✓ A device to help loco pilots navigate in foggy conditions. It is a GPS enabled hand-held device that displays the exact distance of the approaching landmarks such as signals, level crossing gates, etc.

✓ It also alerts the loco pilot with a loud buzzer when the train approaches a signal or a level crossing gate.

➖Modern Track Structure:

✓Stronger and more durable tracks and bridges. This includes using Prestressed Concrete Sleeper (PSC), higher Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) rails, fan shaped layout turnout on PSC sleepers, Steel Channel Sleepers on girder bridges, etc.

➖Ultrasonic Flaw Detection (USFD):

✓A technique to detect and remove faulty rails. It is a non-destructive testing method that uses high frequency sound waves to inspect the rails for cracks, defects or flaws that may cause derailments or accidents. 

✓The defective rails are then removed and replaced with new ones.

➖Mechanization of Track Maintenance:

✓A system to automate and optimize track maintenance. This includes using machines such as track tamping machines, ballast regulating machines, dynamic track stabilizers, etc to carry out track maintenance activities such as tamping, dressing, stabilizing, etc. 

✓This reduces human errors and improves track quality and safety.
Interlocking System: A system to control points and signals centrally.

✓It is a system that uses electrical or electronic devices to operate the points and signals from a central location.

✓ It eliminates the need for manual operation of points and signals by staff on the ground. It also reduces the chances of human failure and enhances safety.

➖Elimination of Unmanned Level Crossings (UMLCs):

✓ UMLCs are being eliminated progressively by closing, merging, manning, or providing subways/road under bridges/road over bridges. 

❗What have the Various Committees recommended to ensure Railways Safety?

🔹Kakodkar Committee (2012):
🔹Bibek Debroy Committee (2014)
🔹Vinod Rai Committee (2015)

❓What should be Done More to Enhance Safety in India?

🔸Invest More in Safety-Related Works:

✓Allocate more funds for track renewal, bridge repair, signalling upgrade, coach refurbishment, etc.

🔸Train Employees to Minimize Human Errors:

✓Provide regular and comprehensive training to the railway staff on the latest technologies, equipment, systems, safety rules and procedures.

🔸Eliminate Level Crossings:

✓Construct Road overbridges (ROBs) or road underbridges (RUBs) to replace the unmanned and manned level crossings.

🔸Adopt advanced technologies:

✓Install anti-collision devices (ACDs) such as Kavach/ Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), Train Protection Warning System (TPWS), Automatic Train Control (ATC), etc.

✓The railways are in the process of installing these technologies on some sections of tracks, but they need to be expanded to cover the entire network.

🔸Introduce Performance-Linked Incentives:

✓ Reward the railway staff based on their performance and compliance with the safety rules and procedures.

🔸Outsource Non-Core Work:

✓Transfer the non-core activities such as maintaining hospitals, colleges etc to private or public sector entities, which can improve efficiency and reduce costs.

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

Railway Accidents in India: Causes and Safety Measures [3/3]

🔸Conduct Regular Safety Audits and Inspections:

✓ Monitor, evaluate and audit the safety performance of the railway staff, infrastructure and equipment, and enforce strict accountability and penalties for lapses.

🔸Enhance Coordination and Communication:

✓Improve the communication and coordination among the railway board, zonal railways, divisions, production units, research organisations, etc., which are involved in railway operations.

🔸Establish a Confidential Incident Reporting and Analysis System (CIRAS):

✓ It was developed by a British University; a similar mechanism should be implemented that encourages lower-level staff to report deviations in real-time while maintaining confidentiality.

✓This system should be supported by the necessary communication and information technology infrastructure, making it accessible and user-friendly for all staff members.

✓Simultaneously, transform the management mindset from a fault-finding and punishment-oriented approach to one that emphasizes shared commitment to safety, focusing on correction rather than punishment and actively listening to the voices of staff at all levels.

✓In matters of railway safety, there has to be an attitudinal change — from the conventional approach of fault-finding and punishment to one of shared commitment to ensure complete safety at all levels.

🔸Rethink Indian Railways Management Service (IRMS) Scheme:

✓ Conduct a thorough evaluation of the IRMS scheme and its impact on loyalty, ownership, and safety management.

✓Consider revising or modifying the scheme to preserve a sense of specialization and loyalty towards specific disciplines or departments, promoting a stronger commitment to safety.

‼️What are Some of the Best Global Practices?

🇬🇧United Kingdom:

✓The UK has one of the lowest rates of train accidents in Europe. The UK has implemented various safety measures, such as:

🔹The Train Protection and Warning System (TPWS), which automatically stops trains that pass signals at danger or exceed speed limits.

🔹The European Train Control System (ETCS), which provides continuous communication between trains and signalling centres.

🔹The Rail Accident Investigation Branch (RAIB), which conducts independent and impartial investigations of railway accidents and incidents.

🇯🇵Japan:

🔹Japan is known for its high-speed trains, such as the Shinkansen or Bullet trains, which operate at speeds of up to 320 km/h. Japan has achieved a remarkable record of safety, with zero passenger fatalities since the Shinkansen started operating in 1964.

🔹Japan has adopted various safety measures, such as:
The Automatic Train Control (ATC) system, which monitors and controls the speed and braking of trains.

🔹The Comprehensive Automatic Train Inspection System (CATIS), which detects defects and faults in trains using sensors and cameras.

🔹The Earthquake Early Warning System (EEWS), which alerts trains to stop or slow down in case of seismic activity.

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#Monthly_Current_Affairs #Defence_Exams_Notes

June 2023 combined CA QnA

Important for upcoming Defence Exams

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

🔸SSB Lecturette Topics[5/5]🔸

Ladies and Gentlemen, here we are sharing the links to the lecturette topics shared on the channel earlier.The list will be updated and added in the meantime.

1. Violence in Manipur

2. Criminalisation of Politics

3. Unseasonal Rains & It's Impact

4. Recent Deals of MoD

5. Same Sex Marriage

6. CAPF

7. India - Turkey Bilateral Relations

8. Defence Budget 2023

9. Extra Judicial Killing

10. LGBTQIA+ Community in India

11. ONDC and It's Potential

12. Uniform Civil Code(UCC)

13. Railway Accidents in India: Causes and Safety Measures

14.

15.




This message will remain pinned on the channel,most of the links have part 1 of the topic, you guys can scroll down just next to the linked part to check other parts.

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#DAILY_PRACTICE #WAT_SET

1.Meditation
2.Training
3.Articles
4.Finance
5.Mediation
6.Vocabulary
7.Deficiency
8.Acoustic
9.Artist
10.Confess
11.Successful
12.Rest
13.Peace
14.Attempt
15.Failure

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

Uniform Civil Code(UCC) [1/2]

✓The Law Commission of India has asked for views and proposals from the public regarding the UCC.

✓The UCC has been a highly debated and politically charged issue in India. The Law Commission's previous stance on the UCC was that it was neither necessary nor desirable.

✓UCC is a proposal to replace the personal laws of various religious communities with a common set of laws for all citizens.

❓What is Uniform Civil Code?

➖About:

✓The Uniform Civil Code is mentioned in Article 44 of the Indian Constitution, which is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy.

✓These principles are not legally enforceable but are meant to guide the state in making policies.
It has been supported by some as a way to promote national integration and gender justice, but opposed by others as a threat to religious freedom and diversity.

✓The only state in India that has a UCC is Goa, which retained its common family law known as the Goa Civil Code after it was liberated from Portuguese rule in 1961.

✓The rest of India follows different personal laws based on their religious or community identity.

➖Personal Laws in India:

✓Currently, not only Muslims but also Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, Sikhs, Parsis, and Jews are governed by their own personal laws.

✓Personal laws are determined based on religious identity.
The reformed Hindu Personal Law still incorporates certain traditional practices.

✓Differences arise when Hindus and Muslims marry under the Special Marriage Act, where Hindus continue to be governed by Hindu Personal Law, but Muslims are not.

‼️What are the Challenges in Implementing UCC?

🔸Diverse Personal Laws and Customary Practices:

✓India is a country of diverse religions, cultures and traditions.Each community has its own set of personal laws and customs that govern their civil matters.

✓These laws and practices vary widely across regions, sects and groups.To find a common ground and uniformity among such diversity is very difficult and complex.

✓Moreover, many personal laws are not codified or documented, but are based on oral or written sources that are often ambiguous or contradictory.

🔸Resistance from Religious and Minority Groups:

✓Many religious and minority group's view UCC as an infringement on their religious freedom and cultural autonomy.

✓They fear that UCC would impose a majoritarian or homogenous law that would disregard their identity and diversity.

✓They also argue that UCC would violate their constitutional rights under Article 25, which guarantees the freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.

🔸Lack of Political Will and Consensus:

✓There is a lack of political will and consensus among the government, the legislature, the judiciary and the civil society to initiate and implement UCC.

✓There are also apprehensions that UCC could provoke communal tensions and conflicts in the society.

🔸Practical Difficulties and Complexities:

✓UCC would require a massive exercise of drafting, codifying, harmonising and rationalising the various personal laws and practices in India.

✓It would require a wide consultation and participation of various stakeholders, including religious leaders, legal experts, women’s organisations, etc.

✓It would also require a robust mechanism of enforcement and awareness to ensure compliance and acceptance of UCC by the people.

❗What are the Benefits of UCC?

🔹National Integration and Secularism:

✓UCC would promote national integration and secularism by creating a common identity and sense of belonging among all citizens.

✓It would also reduce the communal and sectarian conflicts that arise due to different personal laws.

✓It would uphold the constitutional values of equality, fraternity and dignity for all.

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material

Uniform Civil Code(UCC) [2/2]

🔹Gender Justice and Equality:

✓UCC would ensure gender justice and equality by removing the discrimination and oppression faced by women under various personal laws.

✓It would grant equal rights and status to women in matters of marriage, divorce, inheritance, adoption, maintenance, etc.

✓It would also empower women to challenge the patriarchal and regressive practices that violate their fundamental rights.

🔹Simplification and Rationalisation of the Legal System:

✓UCC would simplify and rationalise the legal system by removing the complexities and contradictions of multiple personal laws.

✓It would harmonise the civil and criminal laws by removing the anomalies and loopholes that arise due to different personal laws.

✓It would make the law more accessible and understandable for the common people.

🔹Modernisation and Reform of Outdated and Regressive Practices:

✓UCC would modernise and reform the outdated and regressive practices that are prevalent in some personal laws.

✓It would eliminate the practices that are against the human rights and values enshrined in the Constitution of India, such as triple talaq, polygamy, child marriage, etc.

✓It would also accommodate the changing social realities and aspirations of the people.

⁉️What are the Important Cases Related to UCC?

▪️Shah Bano Begum v. Mohammad Ahmed Khan (1985):

✓The Supreme Court upheld the right of a Muslim woman to claim maintenance from her husband under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code, even after the expiry of the Iddat period.

✓It also observed that a UCC would help in removing contradictions based on ideologies.

▪️Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India (1995):

✓The Supreme Court held that a Hindu husband cannot convert to Islam and marry another woman without dissolving his first marriage.

✓It also stated that a UCC would prevent such fraudulent conversions and bigamous marriages.

▪️Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017):

✓The Supreme Court declared the practice of triple talaq as unconstitutional and violative of the dignity and equality of Muslim women.

✓It also recommended that the Parliament should enact a law to regulate Muslim marriages and divorces.

❓What Should be the Way Forward?

🔸Unity and Uniformity:

✓The recommended UCC should reflect India's multiculturalism and preserve its diversity.

✓Unity is more important than uniformity.

✓The Indian Constitution allows for both integrationist and restricted multicultural approaches to accommodate cultural differences.

🔸Discussion and Deliberations with Stakeholders:

✓Also, involving a broad range of stakeholders, including religious leaders, legal experts, and community representatives, in the process of developing and implementing the UCC.

✓This could help to ensure that the UCC takes into account the diverse perspectives and needs of different groups, and that it is seen as fair and legitimate by all citizens.

🔸Striking a Balance:

✓The Law Commission should aim to eliminate only those practices that do not meet the constitutional standards.

✓Cultural practices must align with substantive equality and gender justice goals.

✓The Commission should avoid contributing to reactive culturalism among different communities.

✓The Muslim clergy should lead the reform process of Muslim Personal Law by identifying discriminatory and oppressive issues and considering progressive views.

🔸Constitutional Perspective:

✓The Indian Constitution upholds the right to cultural autonomy and aims for cultural accommodation.
Article 29(1) protects the distinctive culture of all citizens.

✓Muslims need to question whether practices like polygamy and arbitrary unilateral divorce align with their cultural values.

✓The focus should be on achieving a just code that promotes equality and justice.

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#Monthly_Current_Affairs #Defence_Exams_Notes

Here,we are sharing all the links of previous months(for year 2023) compiled current affairs that covers different categories of CA via various sections.Ladies and Gentlemen can go through all PDFs using the links given below.

January 23
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/17727
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/16780

February 23
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/17141
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/17726

March 23
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/17187
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/17725

April 23
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/17481
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/17723

May 23
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/17653
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/17722

June 23
https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/17868

This msg will remain pinned on the main channel,Candidates can access it any time under their thumb.

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion

#Sports_Series #Personal_Interview #Football

India defeated Kuwait in the final of SAFF Championship 2023 to lift the trophy.

KUW 1⃣-1️⃣ IND

🇰🇼: ❌ ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅ ❌
🇮🇳: ✅ ✅ ✅ ❌ ✅ ✅

🇮🇳 INDIA are SAFF 𝐂𝐇𝐀𝐌𝐏𝐈𝐎𝐍𝐒 for the 9️⃣th time! 💙

🏆 1993
🏆 1997
🏆 1999
🏆 2005
🏆 2009
🏆 2011
🏆 2015
🏆 2021
🏆 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟯

✔️Know more about Football: https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/1875?single

https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/1876

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#DAILY_PRACTICE
#TAT_SET658

Important TAT image for all Entries.
Try to write within the prescribed time i.e. 4 minutes.
Be honest with your preparation and attempt this image and write a desirable story.

(For better practice,Write the story on A4 paper within the prescribed time.)

Healthy and constructive reviews are welcome.

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#TO_ALL_LADIES_GENTLEMAN

NCC SPECIAL ENTRY NOTIFICATION

Applications are invited from unmarried male and unmarried female (including wards of Battle Casualties of Indian Army Personnel), for grant of Short Service Commission in Indian Army.

✔️ONLINE APPLICATION WILL OPEN ON 05 JULY 2023 AT 1500 HRS AND CLOSE ON 03 AUG 2023 AT 1500 HRS.

❗❗ TES 5O COURSE LAST DATE 07 JULY 1200 HRS

❗SSC TECH MEN & WOMEN (APRIL 24 COURSE) LAST DATE 19 JULY 1500 HRS

❗SSC JAG MEN & WOMEN (APRIL 24 COURSE) LAST DATE 21 JULY 1500 HRS

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What is the PABT Test in the Indian Armed Forces?{1/4}

✔️Pilot Aptitude Battery Test (PABT) is carried out for candidates aspiring to join the flying branch of the Indian Air Force, Navy, Army and Coast Guard.

✔️The purpose of these tests is to assess the ability of a candidate to be trained as a pilot.

✔️The CPSS (Computerised Pilot Selection System) is an upgraded version of the PABT test.

▪️Pilot Aptitude Battery Test

PABT consists of three tests:

1) Instrument Battery Test (INSB) (Paper-pencil test)

2) Sensory Motor Apparatus Test (SMA) (machine test) and

3) Control Velocity Test (CVT) (machine test)

These tests measure the individual's coordination & test of Psychomotor Skills. These tests are performed on a single day and administered once in a lifetime, and if you fail, you can not apply again for a flying branch.

Lets us discuss the Tests:

❗️Instrument Battery Test (INSB):

●This test mainly checks the ability of the candidate to read and interpret the dials of the instrument panel of an aircraft.

●It consists of 2 parts:

〰️Test 1- Apparatus Reading Test:

◆In this test, the candidates will be shown six basic instruments in an aircraft by a test instructor.

◆The candidates are tested against the ability to read these instruments and based on that they need to provide a response.

◆Candidates should listen with a very receptive mind to the officer and make sincere efforts to understand every detail they receive as it would help them clear the test easily.

◆Lets look at the inside of a Cockpit first:(Refer below uploaded picture)

◆Test 1 consists of 15 questions to be answered in 12 minutes. The questions are of objective type. You must select one of five statements based on reading from 6 instruments

❗️Air Speed Indicator: This instrument gives the aircraft's indicated airspeed in mph or knots or any unit indicated by the dial. Reading this dial is like that of a car or bike’s speedometer.

❗️Attitude Indicator/Artificial Horizon: This instrument provides the aircraft's pitch (nose up or down) and roll/bank (wing tilt). If you keep the wings level on the instrument with the horizon line (the line dividing the blue colour that denotes the sky and the dark colour denotes the ground), your aircraft will be parallel to the ground.

❗️Altimeter: This tool indicates the aircraft's altitude(height) from sea level. This analogue gauge contains one small hand that gives thousands of feet of reading and another big hand that gives hundreds of feet of reading. The combination of reading from both of these hands gives the altitude. It is Just like clock reading time.

❗️Turn Coordinator: This instrument indicates whether the correct amount of rudder is being applied in a turn. In fact, the turn coordinator is two tools in one. In the middle of the instrument, the aircraft replica rolls proportionally to the aircraft's roll rate.

❗️Heading Indicator/Compass: This instrument gives the direction in which the aircraft is headed in magnetic degrees.

❗️Vertical Speed indicator: This instrument indicates the rate at which aircraft is gaining or losing altitude. The Units mentioned in the indicator will be in feet per minute. The region where the arrows are shown is the normal rate of ascending or descending, and range above and below those arrows depict a faster rate of ascending or descending.

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