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Indian Missile Technology and Specifications Of Missiles

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Combat Tanks of Indian Army {1/2}

Role of MBT
◆The main battle tank fulfils the role the British had once called the "universal tank", filling almost all battlefield roles.  
◆Reconnaissance by MBTs is performed in high-intensity conflicts where reconnaissance by light vehicles would be insufficient due to the necessity to "fight" for information.
◆In asymmetric warfare, main battle tanks are deployed in small, highly concentrated units. MBTs fire only at targets at close range and instead rely on external support such as unmanned aircraft for long-range combat.
◆The MBT has a positive morale effect on the infantry it accompanies. It also instils fear in the opposing force who can often hear and even feel their arrival.

MBT’s of India
●India and Pakistan have also used these tanks in wars of 1965 and 1971. Indian Army has approximately 3,250 battle tanks as compared to 2,496 tanks of the Pakistan Army.

Arjun MBT (Main Battle Tank)

1. MK 1 
•Third Generation Tank developed by DRDO.
•Origin: India
•Quantity: 124
•Arjun MK 1 is in service.
•It has a 120 mm main gun with armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding ammunition.
•It also has one PKT 7.62 mm coaxial machine gun and 12.7mm machine gun.
•It has a single MTU multi-fuel diesel engine which gives out around 1400 BHP and can achieve max. Speed of 67 kmph.
•It has a capacity of 4 Crew members - commander, Gunner, Loader and Driver.

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Combat Tanks or Indian Army {2/2}

2. MK 1A
•Origin: India
•Quantity: 118 ordered after clearing trials in February 2015.
•It is the upgraded version of MK1.

For more about MK1 A, Click

https://t.me/ssbgeneraldiscussion/479

T-90S “Bhishma” (Main Battle Tank)

•Origin: Russia-India
•Quantity: 2078
•In service
•It is the upgraded version of T 72 tanks, produced by India domestically.
•It is equipped with French Thales-built Catherine-FC thermal sight and utilises Russian-5 K-5 explosive reactive armor plates.
•It consists of an 1130 HP engine and a top speed of 60 Kmph.
•It has a powerful 125 smoothbore gun and 12.7mm heavy machine gun.

T-72 Ajeya (Main Battle Tank)

•Origin: Soviet Union-Poland-India
•Quantity: 968
•In service
•In 1978 500 T-72 tanks were purchased by India from Russia.
•It has a main gun of 125mm

#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette
#GD_Material

Overpopulation ( part 1 )

●According to the report released by the United Nations, India is expected to add 273 million people by 2050.
●The report has also pointed out that in the year 2019, the population of India was approximately 1.37 billion as compared to China, which has an estimated population of 1.43 billion. 
●India’s population is expected to surpass China’s population by 2027, making India the most populous country in the world. Thirty years down the line, the global population is projected to increase by another 2 billion people by the year 2050, (from 7.7 billion to 9.7 billion).
●The report has also shown that there are multiple reasons behind the growing population, including higher fertility rates, higher migration, etc.

Population Growth in India
◆Population growth in India is not uniform. The data from the National Family Health Survey (NHFS) shows that the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) is different across various wealth quintiles.

•TFR is 3.2 children per women among the poorest wealth quintiles.
•TFR is 2.5 children per women in the second-lowest wealth quintile. 
•TFR is 1.5 children per women among the richest wealth quintiles.

◆This shows that population growth is more in economically weak weaker section of the society.

Impact of Overpopulation
◆Overpopulation acts as a hurdle in addressing the problem of poverty, hunger and malnutrition. It is a major obstacle in providing a better quality of education and health.

◆It is the major reason for unemployment in the country. Currently, India is producing around 25 million job seekers in the country. However, the country is able to provide jobs to only 7 million, and after the COVID-19  pandemic, this situation is worsening. ◆Economic activities are on halt; people are losing their jobs, new jobs are not producing in the market, increasing the burden of unemployment and underemployment in the country, turning a demographic dividend into a demographic disaster.

◆SDGs 1,2,3 and 4 are going to be affected adversely because if India’s existing pattern of growth in the population.

◆India and China are the two most populous countries in the world. China’s population is more than India, but at the same time, we can see India is only 35-40% of China’s landmass. India does not have another landmass to occupy, and the available landmass cannot take this population growth.

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Overpopulation ( part 2 )

Challenges of Overpopulation for India
◆The challenge for Government is not to contain the population but to find the innovative ways to use the population growth to its best economic advantage.
◆The challenge is to train a large young population to make it productive, effective, competent and contributing to the economic growth. For this, the Government need to take effective measures by making more investment in areas like education, water and sanitation, health, etc.

◆Another challenge is ensuring the quality of life for its citizens as 21% of 60 plus population of India is suffering from one or another chronic morbidity. India is the second-highest in terms of dementia and Alzheimers. That’s why there is a need for a strong social protection scheme for this section of society.

◆Ayushman Bharat scheme is one of the measures taken by the Government for the welfare of citizens, especially elders.
◆The Government has also set the target to make India a $5 trillion economy by 2024. This is very important to mitigate the negative impact of overpopulation, where the share of older people is rising rapidly.

◆The growth of older people is 370% from 2019 to 2050, where the total population is growing at a rate of 56%. That’s why it is more important for the Government to take effective measures to deal with this situation.

◆Other countries like Japan and China have also gone through this phase and successfully controlled their population growth and have taken effective measures to manage people in older age through social security provisions.

◆The challenges are different for all the states as the population growth rate in all states is not similar. Some states have a higher population growth rate than others; for example, southern states have lower population growth rate as compared with Northern states.

Can India adopt a one-child policy like China?
●●China is very successful in decreasing its population growth through its one-child policy. But this policy has its own challenges. China which had the One Child Policy, has witnessed an increase in the population of old aged people●●

Way Forward

●India needs to invest more in the health sector. Currently, India invests only 1.3% of India GDP in this sector.
●Family planning budget is only 4% of the entire health budget, and within that India spends only 1.5% on birth spacing methods.
●Role of Education
--Education plays an important role not only in women empowerment but also in a decline in population growth rate.
--Education must be made free for women until she completes her graduation.
--Better education for women will help her to make better decisions for family planning.

●Economic independent women can only bring down fertility rates. Therefore policies must be made to increase women participation in development in the economy.
●India can achieve a number of SDGs if it links them with family planning. Family planning is a promotive and preventive method for bringing down maternal mortality and child mortality. 
●It is important to see the issue of population growth not only from the national perspective but also from the state’s point of view, i.e. different states need to be encouraged to take necessary steps for containing the population.

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UPSC CALENDAR 2023

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#Current_Affairs

05-05-22, current affairs

Important for upcoming defence exams.

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#DAILY_PRACTICE
#TAT_SET508

Important TAT image for all Entries.
Try to write within the prescribed time i.e. 4 minutes.
Be honest with your preparation and attempt this image and write a desirable story.

(For better practice,Write the story on A4 paper within the prescribed time.)

Healthy and constructive reviews are welcome.

For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion