Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Ankit)
#Important_currentaffair_for_SSBinterview #INTERNATIONAL_INTERGOVERNMENTALORGANISATIONS
India's Vision for Indo-Pacific {2/2}
◆The QUAD is the grouping of four democracies –India, Australia, the US, and Japan.
◆Quad is an opportunity for like-minded countries to share notes and collaborate on projects of mutual interest.
◆Members share a vision of an open and free Indo-Pacific. Each is involved in the development and economic projects as well as in promoting maritime domain awareness and maritime security.
◆Currently, it is still in a fledgeling phase and a clearer image of what it will evolve to is yet to obtain. But a few improvements within the group are taking place in recent times.
◆There has been an increased participation from all the four countries, they have declared several issues as their agenda of the meeting such as the pandemic, economic recovery, connectivity, infrastructure, cybersecurity, etc.
◆The Quad is believed to have the potential to go from a very loose structure organisation to a very cohesive structure organisation in a very short span of time.
◆All the stakeholders should come together and define the Quad. They should have common agenda also.
◆China is the big elephant in the room and is never abiding the rules. For this, there has to be a military component in the Quad.
◆Small nations in the region must be told that the quad is the fledgeling organisation and it is evolving with the time. Countries should not worry about this.
◆The option of Quad expansion is also there. A number of countries including some in ASEAN and Europe is firming up their Indo-Pacific strategies and outlook.
◆These include France, Germany and the Netherlands.
◆India and France have been collaborating closely on the Indo-Pacific.
◆Germany has announced that one of its warships would be patrolling the Indian Ocean and make port calls in Australia and the French Reunion Islands.
◆Canada is also looking to come out with an Indo-Pacific strategy. The voyage came at a time of heightened military tension between China and Taiwan.
●A lot of progress has been made over the last three years as far as the quad is concerned and it is on its way of institutionalization and formalisation at ministerial meetings.
●Quad can be expanded to ensure the contribution from ASEAN and other nations of the region. Countries like the Philippines, Vietnam and Indonesia can become strong partners in this.
●India needs a strong navy to play a meaningful role in the region, so it must invest in it.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
India's Vision for Indo-Pacific {2/2}
What is the Role of Quad in the Indo-Pacific region?◆The QUAD is the grouping of four democracies –India, Australia, the US, and Japan.
◆Quad is an opportunity for like-minded countries to share notes and collaborate on projects of mutual interest.
◆Members share a vision of an open and free Indo-Pacific. Each is involved in the development and economic projects as well as in promoting maritime domain awareness and maritime security.
◆Currently, it is still in a fledgeling phase and a clearer image of what it will evolve to is yet to obtain. But a few improvements within the group are taking place in recent times.
◆There has been an increased participation from all the four countries, they have declared several issues as their agenda of the meeting such as the pandemic, economic recovery, connectivity, infrastructure, cybersecurity, etc.
◆The Quad is believed to have the potential to go from a very loose structure organisation to a very cohesive structure organisation in a very short span of time.
Vision for the future:◆All the stakeholders should come together and define the Quad. They should have common agenda also.
◆China is the big elephant in the room and is never abiding the rules. For this, there has to be a military component in the Quad.
◆Small nations in the region must be told that the quad is the fledgeling organisation and it is evolving with the time. Countries should not worry about this.
◆The option of Quad expansion is also there. A number of countries including some in ASEAN and Europe is firming up their Indo-Pacific strategies and outlook.
◆These include France, Germany and the Netherlands.
◆India and France have been collaborating closely on the Indo-Pacific.
◆Germany has announced that one of its warships would be patrolling the Indian Ocean and make port calls in Australia and the French Reunion Islands.
◆Canada is also looking to come out with an Indo-Pacific strategy. The voyage came at a time of heightened military tension between China and Taiwan.
Conclusion●A lot of progress has been made over the last three years as far as the quad is concerned and it is on its way of institutionalization and formalisation at ministerial meetings.
●Quad can be expanded to ensure the contribution from ASEAN and other nations of the region. Countries like the Philippines, Vietnam and Indonesia can become strong partners in this.
●India needs a strong navy to play a meaningful role in the region, so it must invest in it.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#DAILY_PRACTICE #WAT_SET
1.Nuclear
2.Message
3.Alliance
4.Friendship
5.Terror
6.Power
7.Member
8.Largest
9.Confront
10.Discover
11.Ocean
12.Undermine
13.Bilateral
14.Democracy
15.Curse
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
1.Nuclear
2.Message
3.Alliance
4.Friendship
5.Terror
6.Power
7.Member
8.Largest
9.Confront
10.Discover
11.Ocean
12.Undermine
13.Bilateral
14.Democracy
15.Curse
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#DAILY_PRACTICE #SRT_SET
1. While going for a symposium in City College, you see your opposite group of persons involving in a serious discussion and it heats up with your group. You will...
2. He has to go to final round of interview and the whole city is shut down without transportation a as a big leader dies. you will...
3. A new family settled in your neighbor flat imports smuggled goods, and your wife wants to purchase it for your house at cheaper rate. You will...
4.Your team leader corners you many times before your group and while lunch time discussion, everyone talks badly about team leader in his absence by supporting you. You will..
5. Only three days are there for final submission of project, but the team mate who knows most of the modules left the team in some issue. You will...
6. You are the class representative and in free hours you are calling Engineering mathematics professor more to take class by knowing this, physics professor gets anger and corners you to fail in the lab practical. You will...
7. His mother dies due to cancer at early age and his father left him with second marriage, You will...
8. You are requested to organize a cycling trip, you will...
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
1. While going for a symposium in City College, you see your opposite group of persons involving in a serious discussion and it heats up with your group. You will...
2. He has to go to final round of interview and the whole city is shut down without transportation a as a big leader dies. you will...
3. A new family settled in your neighbor flat imports smuggled goods, and your wife wants to purchase it for your house at cheaper rate. You will...
4.Your team leader corners you many times before your group and while lunch time discussion, everyone talks badly about team leader in his absence by supporting you. You will..
5. Only three days are there for final submission of project, but the team mate who knows most of the modules left the team in some issue. You will...
6. You are the class representative and in free hours you are calling Engineering mathematics professor more to take class by knowing this, physics professor gets anger and corners you to fail in the lab practical. You will...
7. His mother dies due to cancer at early age and his father left him with second marriage, You will...
8. You are requested to organize a cycling trip, you will...
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#DAILY_PRACTICE
#TAT_SET427
Important TAT image for all Entries.
Try to write within prescribed time i.e. 4 minutes.
Be honest with your preparation and attempt this image and write a desirable story.
(For better practice,Write the story on A4 paper within prescribed time.)
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#TAT_SET427
Important TAT image for all Entries.
Try to write within prescribed time i.e. 4 minutes.
Be honest with your preparation and attempt this image and write a desirable story.
(For better practice,Write the story on A4 paper within prescribed time.)
Healthy and constructive reviews are welcome.For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#INTERNATIONAL_RELATIONS #GD_Material
Turkey's Stand in Russia-Ukraine Crisis
✔️Why in News- Recently, Turkey urged Russia to drop its one-sided demands regarding North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and Ukraine.
●It also requested Russia to take a moderate approach in its demands with the western alliance (US and other western countries).
◆Earlier, the US intelligence reports said the tension on the Russia-Ukraine border represents a major security crisis for the region, with the potential to snowball into a broader conflict.
▪️History:
◆Ukraine and Russia share hundreds of years of cultural, linguistic and familial links.
◆For many in Russia and in the ethnically Russian parts of Ukraine, the shared heritage of the countries is an emotional issue that has been exploited for electoral and military purposes.
◆As part of the Soviet Union, Ukraine was the second-most powerful Soviet republic after Russia, and was crucial strategically, economically and culturally.
▪️The Conflict:
●Ever since Ukraine split from the Soviet Union, both Russia and the West have vied for greater influence in the country in order to keep the balance of power in the region in their favour.
●Also the unique geography of the Black Sea region confers several geopolitical advantages to Russia.
●The Donbass region (the Donetsk and Luhansk regions) of eastern Ukraine has been facing a pro-Russian separatist movement since 2014.
●In 2014, Russia seized Crimea from Ukraine in what was the first time a European country annexed territory from another country since World War-2 (1939 - 1945).
●In 2015, an open conflict was averted after the ‘Minsk II’ peace agreement was signed by Representatives of Russia, Ukraine, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the leaders of two pro-Russian separatist regions, under the mediation of France and Germany.
●Recently, Ukraine urged NATO to speed up his country’s membership in the alliance.
●Russia declared such a move a “red line”, and worried about the consequences of the US-led military alliances expanding right up to its doorstep.
▪️Current Situation:
◆Russia is seeking assurances from the US that Ukraine will not be inducted into NATO. However, the US is not prepared to give any such assurance.
◆This has left the countries in a stand-off, with tens of thousands of Russian troops ready to invade Ukraine.
◆Russia is keeping the tensions high at the Ukraine border in order to get sanctions relief and other concessions from the West.
◆Any kind of military action by the US or European Union (EU) against Russia would precipitate a major crisis for the whole world, and has so far not been mooted by any of the parties involved.
◆However, the US has offered to re-open talks between the NATO alliance and Russia to ease Russia’s concerns.
◆A meeting of the NATO-Russia Council has been proposed for January 2022, though Ukraine has not publicly agreed.
❗️Turkey’s Stand:
●Turkey has irritated Russia by supplying combat drones to Ukraine that Russia fears could be used by Ukraine in its conflict with separatists in two eastern regions.
●Turkey has also upset the US and NATO by acquiring an advanced missile defence system from Russia that resulted in sanctions from the United States.
●It has urged Russia and the Western defence alliance to remove their differences in direct negotiations proposed by NATO chief Jens Stoltenberg.
❗️India’s Stand:
◆India did not join the Western powers’ condemnation of Russia’s intervention in Crimea and kept a low profile on the issue.
◆In November 2020, India voted against a Ukraine-sponsored resolution in the United Nations (UN) that condemned alleged human rights violations in Crimea thereby backing old ally Russia on the issue.
❓Way Forward
◆A practical solution for the situation is to revive the Minsk peace process. Therefore the West (US and Other western Countries) should push both sides to resume talks and live up to their commitments as per the Minsk agreement to restore relative peace on the border.
↔️ @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Turkey's Stand in Russia-Ukraine Crisis
✔️Why in News- Recently, Turkey urged Russia to drop its one-sided demands regarding North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) and Ukraine.
●It also requested Russia to take a moderate approach in its demands with the western alliance (US and other western countries).
◆Earlier, the US intelligence reports said the tension on the Russia-Ukraine border represents a major security crisis for the region, with the potential to snowball into a broader conflict.
▪️History:
◆Ukraine and Russia share hundreds of years of cultural, linguistic and familial links.
◆For many in Russia and in the ethnically Russian parts of Ukraine, the shared heritage of the countries is an emotional issue that has been exploited for electoral and military purposes.
◆As part of the Soviet Union, Ukraine was the second-most powerful Soviet republic after Russia, and was crucial strategically, economically and culturally.
▪️The Conflict:
●Ever since Ukraine split from the Soviet Union, both Russia and the West have vied for greater influence in the country in order to keep the balance of power in the region in their favour.
●Also the unique geography of the Black Sea region confers several geopolitical advantages to Russia.
●The Donbass region (the Donetsk and Luhansk regions) of eastern Ukraine has been facing a pro-Russian separatist movement since 2014.
●In 2014, Russia seized Crimea from Ukraine in what was the first time a European country annexed territory from another country since World War-2 (1939 - 1945).
●In 2015, an open conflict was averted after the ‘Minsk II’ peace agreement was signed by Representatives of Russia, Ukraine, the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) and the leaders of two pro-Russian separatist regions, under the mediation of France and Germany.
●Recently, Ukraine urged NATO to speed up his country’s membership in the alliance.
●Russia declared such a move a “red line”, and worried about the consequences of the US-led military alliances expanding right up to its doorstep.
▪️Current Situation:
◆Russia is seeking assurances from the US that Ukraine will not be inducted into NATO. However, the US is not prepared to give any such assurance.
◆This has left the countries in a stand-off, with tens of thousands of Russian troops ready to invade Ukraine.
◆Russia is keeping the tensions high at the Ukraine border in order to get sanctions relief and other concessions from the West.
◆Any kind of military action by the US or European Union (EU) against Russia would precipitate a major crisis for the whole world, and has so far not been mooted by any of the parties involved.
◆However, the US has offered to re-open talks between the NATO alliance and Russia to ease Russia’s concerns.
◆A meeting of the NATO-Russia Council has been proposed for January 2022, though Ukraine has not publicly agreed.
❗️Turkey’s Stand:
●Turkey has irritated Russia by supplying combat drones to Ukraine that Russia fears could be used by Ukraine in its conflict with separatists in two eastern regions.
●Turkey has also upset the US and NATO by acquiring an advanced missile defence system from Russia that resulted in sanctions from the United States.
●It has urged Russia and the Western defence alliance to remove their differences in direct negotiations proposed by NATO chief Jens Stoltenberg.
❗️India’s Stand:
◆India did not join the Western powers’ condemnation of Russia’s intervention in Crimea and kept a low profile on the issue.
◆In November 2020, India voted against a Ukraine-sponsored resolution in the United Nations (UN) that condemned alleged human rights violations in Crimea thereby backing old ally Russia on the issue.
❓Way Forward
◆A practical solution for the situation is to revive the Minsk peace process. Therefore the West (US and Other western Countries) should push both sides to resume talks and live up to their commitments as per the Minsk agreement to restore relative peace on the border.
↔️ @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Important_currentaffair_for_SSBinterview #Defence_News #GD_Material
Third Positive Indigenisation List
✔️Why in News: Recently, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) has restricted the import of 351 systems and components as a part of third Positive Indigenisation List to boost Indigenisation in Defence Manufacturing.
◆In June 2021, the MoD had notified the second negative import list, renamed as the ‘positive indigenisation list' of 108 items.
◆The 'First Negative Indigenisation’ List comprising 101 items was notified in August 2020.
❗️Procurement:
●All the 351 items will now be procured from indigenous sources as per provisions given in Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020.
●The DAP 2020 includes the following procurement categories: Buy (Indian – Indigenously Designed Developed and Manufactured), Buy (Indian), Buy and Make (Indian), Buy (Global - Manufacture in India) and Buy (Global).
❗️Timeline:
●The import of 172 systems and components will be stopped from December 2022, while curbs on another batch of 89 items will come into effect from December 2023. The import of a further 90 items will be stopped from December 2024.
❗️Items Included:
◆It includes components such as a missile approach warning sensor, shells, propellants, electrical parts, missile containers, a torpedo tube launcher and a gun fire control system.
❗️Significance:
●This Atmanirbhar (self-reliance) initiative will save foreign exchange approximately equivalent to Rs 3,000 cr every year.
●It will give a boost to indigenisation with active participation of the public and private sector for fulfilling the twin objectives of achieving self-reliance. (Atmanirbhar Bharat) and promoting defence exports.
●Not only does the list recognise the potential of the local defence industry, it will also invigorate impetus to domestic Research & Development by attracting fresh investment into technology and manufacturing capabilities.
●It also provides an excellent opportunity for ‘start-ups’, as Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) will get a tremendous boost from this initiative.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Third Positive Indigenisation List
✔️Why in News: Recently, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) has restricted the import of 351 systems and components as a part of third Positive Indigenisation List to boost Indigenisation in Defence Manufacturing.
◆In June 2021, the MoD had notified the second negative import list, renamed as the ‘positive indigenisation list' of 108 items.
◆The 'First Negative Indigenisation’ List comprising 101 items was notified in August 2020.
❗️Procurement:
●All the 351 items will now be procured from indigenous sources as per provisions given in Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020.
●The DAP 2020 includes the following procurement categories: Buy (Indian – Indigenously Designed Developed and Manufactured), Buy (Indian), Buy and Make (Indian), Buy (Global - Manufacture in India) and Buy (Global).
❗️Timeline:
●The import of 172 systems and components will be stopped from December 2022, while curbs on another batch of 89 items will come into effect from December 2023. The import of a further 90 items will be stopped from December 2024.
❗️Items Included:
◆It includes components such as a missile approach warning sensor, shells, propellants, electrical parts, missile containers, a torpedo tube launcher and a gun fire control system.
❗️Significance:
●This Atmanirbhar (self-reliance) initiative will save foreign exchange approximately equivalent to Rs 3,000 cr every year.
●It will give a boost to indigenisation with active participation of the public and private sector for fulfilling the twin objectives of achieving self-reliance. (Atmanirbhar Bharat) and promoting defence exports.
●Not only does the list recognise the potential of the local defence industry, it will also invigorate impetus to domestic Research & Development by attracting fresh investment into technology and manufacturing capabilities.
●It also provides an excellent opportunity for ‘start-ups’, as Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) will get a tremendous boost from this initiative.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (DEEPESH)
#TO_ALL_LADIES_and_GENTLEMAN
Handwritten notes by recommended candidates are available, accessed by ex. psychologist.(original material , you will not find these responses in any book or on any YouTube channel , use these notes for your own recommendation, )
Paid*
Especially for repeaters these notes are really fruitful , check them
- 40+ acceptable TAT stories, full of actions, OLQs, and new ideas,
- WATs,
- SRT
- Responses to Interview questions, and
- Self descriptions are available on demand.
- along with PIQ
Check the reality and gain the confidence on your own responses.
These notes are assessed by ex senior psychologist of 1AFSB dehradun
If interested, contact on WhatsApp number
8527747120
Handwritten notes by recommended candidates are available, accessed by ex. psychologist.(original material , you will not find these responses in any book or on any YouTube channel , use these notes for your own recommendation, )
Paid*
Especially for repeaters these notes are really fruitful , check them
- 40+ acceptable TAT stories, full of actions, OLQs, and new ideas,
- WATs,
- SRT
- Responses to Interview questions, and
- Self descriptions are available on demand.
- along with PIQ
Check the reality and gain the confidence on your own responses.
These notes are assessed by ex senior psychologist of 1AFSB dehradun
If interested, contact on WhatsApp number
8527747120
#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material
Indigenisation of Defence{1/2}
▪️About:
◆Indigenisation is the capability of developing and producing any defence equipment within the country for the dual purpose of achieving self reliance and reducing the burden of imports.
◆Self-reliance in defence manufacturing is one of the key objectives of Department of Defence Production.
◆Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO), Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) and private organisations are playing a critical role in indigenisation of defence industries.
◆India is among the world’s largest arms importers, and the armed forces are expected to spend about USD 130 billion on defence purchases over the next five years.
▪️ Background:
●Overdependence on the Soviet Union brought about a change in India’s approach to defence industrialisation.
●From the mid-1980s, the government pumped resources into R&D (Research and Development) to enable the DRDO to undertake high profile projects.
●A significant beginning in defence indigenisation was made in 1983, when the government sanctioned the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) to develop 5 missile systems (Prithvi, Agni, Trishul, Akash, Nag).
●The indigenous efforts were not adequate to meet the requirements of the armed forces, this resulted in the shift of focus towards co-development and co-production in partnership with foreign companies.
●A beginning was made in 1998, when India and Russia signed an inter-governmental agreement to jointly produce Brahmos supersonic cruise missile.
▪️Need:
❗️Reducing Fiscal Deficit:
◆India is the second largest arms importer in the world (after Saudi Arabia).
◆Higher import dependency leads to an increase in the fiscal deficit.
◆Despite having the fifth largest defence budget in the world, India procures 60% of its weapon systems from foreign markets
❗️Security perspective:
●Indigenisation in defence is critical to national security also. It keeps intact the technological expertise and encourages spin-off technologies and innovation that often stem from it.
●Indigenisation is needed in order to avert the threats associated with the frequent ceasefire violations like that of the Uri, Pathankot and Pulwama attacks..
❗️Employment Generation:
●It will lead to the generation of satellite industries that in turn will pave the way for generation of employment opportunities.
●As per government estimates, a reduction in 20-25% in defence related imports could directly create an additional 100,000 to 120,000 highly skilled jobs in India.
❗️Strategic Capability:
A self sufficient and self reliant defence industry will place India among the top global powers.
❗️Notion of Patriotism:
Nationalism and Patriotism can increase with indegenious production of defence equipment, that in turn will not only boost the trust and confidence of the Indian forces but will also strengthen a sense of integrity and sovereignty in them.
❗️Challenges:
◆Lack of an institutional capacity and capability to take different policies aimed at indigenisation of defence to its logical conclusion.
◆Infrastructural deficit increases India's logistics costs thus reducing the country's cost competitiveness and efficiency.
◆Land acquisition issues restrict entry of new players in the defence manufacturing and production.
◆Policy dilemma offset requirements under the DPP (Defence Procurement Policy, now replaced with DAP 2020) didn't help achieve its goal. (Offsets are a portion of a contracted price with a foreign supplier that must be re-invested in the Indian defence sector, or against which the government can purchase technology).
◆Only government-to-government agreements (G2G), ab initio single vendor contracts or inter-governmental agreements (IGA) will not have offset clauses anymore.
◆According to DAP 2020, all other international deals that are competitive, and have multiple vendors vying for it, will continue to have a 30% offset clause.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Indigenisation of Defence{1/2}
▪️About:
◆Indigenisation is the capability of developing and producing any defence equipment within the country for the dual purpose of achieving self reliance and reducing the burden of imports.
◆Self-reliance in defence manufacturing is one of the key objectives of Department of Defence Production.
◆Defence Research Development Organisation (DRDO), Defence Public Sector Undertakings (DPSUs) and private organisations are playing a critical role in indigenisation of defence industries.
◆India is among the world’s largest arms importers, and the armed forces are expected to spend about USD 130 billion on defence purchases over the next five years.
▪️ Background:
●Overdependence on the Soviet Union brought about a change in India’s approach to defence industrialisation.
●From the mid-1980s, the government pumped resources into R&D (Research and Development) to enable the DRDO to undertake high profile projects.
●A significant beginning in defence indigenisation was made in 1983, when the government sanctioned the Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (IGMDP) to develop 5 missile systems (Prithvi, Agni, Trishul, Akash, Nag).
●The indigenous efforts were not adequate to meet the requirements of the armed forces, this resulted in the shift of focus towards co-development and co-production in partnership with foreign companies.
●A beginning was made in 1998, when India and Russia signed an inter-governmental agreement to jointly produce Brahmos supersonic cruise missile.
▪️Need:
❗️Reducing Fiscal Deficit:
◆India is the second largest arms importer in the world (after Saudi Arabia).
◆Higher import dependency leads to an increase in the fiscal deficit.
◆Despite having the fifth largest defence budget in the world, India procures 60% of its weapon systems from foreign markets
❗️Security perspective:
●Indigenisation in defence is critical to national security also. It keeps intact the technological expertise and encourages spin-off technologies and innovation that often stem from it.
●Indigenisation is needed in order to avert the threats associated with the frequent ceasefire violations like that of the Uri, Pathankot and Pulwama attacks..
❗️Employment Generation:
●It will lead to the generation of satellite industries that in turn will pave the way for generation of employment opportunities.
●As per government estimates, a reduction in 20-25% in defence related imports could directly create an additional 100,000 to 120,000 highly skilled jobs in India.
❗️Strategic Capability:
A self sufficient and self reliant defence industry will place India among the top global powers.
❗️Notion of Patriotism:
Nationalism and Patriotism can increase with indegenious production of defence equipment, that in turn will not only boost the trust and confidence of the Indian forces but will also strengthen a sense of integrity and sovereignty in them.
❗️Challenges:
◆Lack of an institutional capacity and capability to take different policies aimed at indigenisation of defence to its logical conclusion.
◆Infrastructural deficit increases India's logistics costs thus reducing the country's cost competitiveness and efficiency.
◆Land acquisition issues restrict entry of new players in the defence manufacturing and production.
◆Policy dilemma offset requirements under the DPP (Defence Procurement Policy, now replaced with DAP 2020) didn't help achieve its goal. (Offsets are a portion of a contracted price with a foreign supplier that must be re-invested in the Indian defence sector, or against which the government can purchase technology).
◆Only government-to-government agreements (G2G), ab initio single vendor contracts or inter-governmental agreements (IGA) will not have offset clauses anymore.
◆According to DAP 2020, all other international deals that are competitive, and have multiple vendors vying for it, will continue to have a 30% offset clause.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
#Important_notes_ssb_Lecturette #GD_Material
Indigenisation of Defence {2/2}
✔️
▪️Increased the FDI limit:
●In May 2020, the foreign direct investment (FDI) limit under the automatic route in the defence sector was hiked from 49% to 74%.
▪️Corporatization of the Ordnance Factory Boards:
●In October 2021, the government dissolved the four-decade-old Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) and amalgamated 41 factories under seven new state-owned companies to manufacture defence hardware ranging from munitions to heavy weapons and vehicles.
✔️Defence India Startup Challenge
●DISC aims at supporting Startups/MSMEs/Innovators to create prototypes and/or commercialize products/solutions in the area of National Defence and Security.
●It has been launched by the Ministry of Defence in partnership with Atal Innovation Mission.
✔️SRIJAN Portal:
●It is a one stop shop online portal that provides access to the vendors to take up items for indigenization.
✔️E-Biz Portal:
Process of applying for Industrial License (IL) and Industrial Entrepreneur Memorandum (IEM) has been made completely online on ebiz portal.
❓Way Forward
●A Permanent Arbitration Cell can be set up to deal with all objections and disputes.
●Private Sector boost is necessary as it can infuse efficient and effective technology and human capital required for modernisation of indegenious defence industry.
●Software Industry and technologies like Artificial intelligence and cyber security should be used to develop and manufacture the “chip” indigenously.
●Providing Financial and Administrative autonomy to DRDO in order to enhance its confidence and authority.
●The staff at the Department of Defence Production need to be trained and given longer tenures to ensure continuity.
●In⎯house design capability should be improved amongst the three services, the Navy has progressed well on the path of indigenisation primarily because of the in⎯house design capability, the Naval Design Bureau.
●Robust supply chain is critical for a defence manufacturer looking to optimize costs.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Indigenisation of Defence {2/2}
✔️
Related Initiatives:▪️Increased the FDI limit:
●In May 2020, the foreign direct investment (FDI) limit under the automatic route in the defence sector was hiked from 49% to 74%.
▪️Corporatization of the Ordnance Factory Boards:
●In October 2021, the government dissolved the four-decade-old Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) and amalgamated 41 factories under seven new state-owned companies to manufacture defence hardware ranging from munitions to heavy weapons and vehicles.
✔️Defence India Startup Challenge
●DISC aims at supporting Startups/MSMEs/Innovators to create prototypes and/or commercialize products/solutions in the area of National Defence and Security.
●It has been launched by the Ministry of Defence in partnership with Atal Innovation Mission.
✔️SRIJAN Portal:
●It is a one stop shop online portal that provides access to the vendors to take up items for indigenization.
✔️E-Biz Portal:
Process of applying for Industrial License (IL) and Industrial Entrepreneur Memorandum (IEM) has been made completely online on ebiz portal.
❓Way Forward
●A Permanent Arbitration Cell can be set up to deal with all objections and disputes.
●Private Sector boost is necessary as it can infuse efficient and effective technology and human capital required for modernisation of indegenious defence industry.
●Software Industry and technologies like Artificial intelligence and cyber security should be used to develop and manufacture the “chip” indigenously.
●Providing Financial and Administrative autonomy to DRDO in order to enhance its confidence and authority.
●The staff at the Department of Defence Production need to be trained and given longer tenures to ensure continuity.
●In⎯house design capability should be improved amongst the three services, the Navy has progressed well on the path of indigenisation primarily because of the in⎯house design capability, the Naval Design Bureau.
●Robust supply chain is critical for a defence manufacturer looking to optimize costs.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Ankit)
#Important_currentaffair_for_SSBinterview #Defence_News #GD_Material
PRIVATE PLAYERS IN DEFENCE MANUFACTURING SECTOR
◆The Defence Industry sector, which was hitherto reserved for the public sector, was opened up to 100% for Indian private sector participation in May, 2001. As on date, 333 Private companies have been issued a total of 539 Industrial Licenses. Out of these, 110 companies have reported commencement of production.
◆Further, following measures have been taken by the Government to promote private sector participation in Defence sector –
◆Out of the total Capital Acquisition Budget for the year 2021-22, 64.09% has been earmarked for domestic capital procurement.
◆Defence capital outlay has been increased by 18.75 % in the budget of 2021 – 22.
◆DPP-2016 has been revised as Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP)- 2020, which is driven by the tenets of Defence Reforms announced as part of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan’.
◆In order to promote indigenous design and development of defence equipment ‘Buy {Indian-IDDM (Indigenously Designed, Developed and Manufactured)}’ category has been accorded top most priority for procurement of capital equipment.
◆Positive indigenisation list: Ministry of Defence has notified a ‘Positive indigenisation list’ of 209 items for which there would be an embargo on the import beyond the timeline indicated against them. This would offer a great opportunity to the Indian defence industry to manufacture these items using their own design and development capabilities to meet the requirements of the Armed Forces in the coming years.
◆The ‘Make’ Procedure of capital procurement has been simplified. There is a provision for funding upto 70% of development cost by the Government to Indian industry under Make-I category. In addition, there are specific reservations for MSMEs under the ‘Make’ procedure.
◆Procedure for ‘Make-II’ category (Industry funded), introduced in DPP 2016 to encourage indigenous development and manufacture of defence equipment has number of industry friendly provisions such as relaxation of eligibility criterion, minimal documentation, provision for considering proposals suggested by industry/individual etc. So far, 58 projects relating to Army, Navy & Air Force, have been accorded ‘Approval in Principle’.
◆The Government of India has enhanced FDI in Defence Sector up to 74% through the Automatic Route for companies seeking new defence industrial license and up to 100% by Government Route wherever it is likely to result in access to modern technology or for other reasons to be recorded.
◆An innovation ecosystem for Defence titled Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) has been launched in April 2018. iDEX is aimed at creation of an ecosystem to foster innovation and technology development in Defence and Aerospace by engaging Industries including MSMEs, Start-ups, Individual Innovators, R&D institutes and Academia and provide them grants/funding and other support to carry out R&D which has potential for future adoption for Indian defence and aerospace needs.
◆To give a major boost to development of innovative defence technology and support a growing Startup base in the country, MoD has earmarked Rs 1000 crore during 2021 – 22 for the procurement from the iDEX Startups.
◆Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence has also approved a scheme for Innovation in Defence Excellence (iDEX) during current year worth Rs 498 crore for 5 years. The scheme aims to benefit 300 new Startups for innovative design and development in defence sector.
◆An indigenization portal namely SRIJAN has been launched in August 2020 for DPSUs/OFB/Services with an industry interface to provide development support to MSMEs/Startups/Industry for import substitution.
◆Reforms in Offset policy have been included in DAP 2020, with thrust on attracting investment and Transfer of Technology for Defence manufacturing, by assigning higher multipliers to them.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
PRIVATE PLAYERS IN DEFENCE MANUFACTURING SECTOR
◆The Defence Industry sector, which was hitherto reserved for the public sector, was opened up to 100% for Indian private sector participation in May, 2001. As on date, 333 Private companies have been issued a total of 539 Industrial Licenses. Out of these, 110 companies have reported commencement of production.
◆Further, following measures have been taken by the Government to promote private sector participation in Defence sector –
◆Out of the total Capital Acquisition Budget for the year 2021-22, 64.09% has been earmarked for domestic capital procurement.
◆Defence capital outlay has been increased by 18.75 % in the budget of 2021 – 22.
◆DPP-2016 has been revised as Defence Acquisition Procedure (DAP)- 2020, which is driven by the tenets of Defence Reforms announced as part of ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan’.
◆In order to promote indigenous design and development of defence equipment ‘Buy {Indian-IDDM (Indigenously Designed, Developed and Manufactured)}’ category has been accorded top most priority for procurement of capital equipment.
◆Positive indigenisation list: Ministry of Defence has notified a ‘Positive indigenisation list’ of 209 items for which there would be an embargo on the import beyond the timeline indicated against them. This would offer a great opportunity to the Indian defence industry to manufacture these items using their own design and development capabilities to meet the requirements of the Armed Forces in the coming years.
◆The ‘Make’ Procedure of capital procurement has been simplified. There is a provision for funding upto 70% of development cost by the Government to Indian industry under Make-I category. In addition, there are specific reservations for MSMEs under the ‘Make’ procedure.
◆Procedure for ‘Make-II’ category (Industry funded), introduced in DPP 2016 to encourage indigenous development and manufacture of defence equipment has number of industry friendly provisions such as relaxation of eligibility criterion, minimal documentation, provision for considering proposals suggested by industry/individual etc. So far, 58 projects relating to Army, Navy & Air Force, have been accorded ‘Approval in Principle’.
◆The Government of India has enhanced FDI in Defence Sector up to 74% through the Automatic Route for companies seeking new defence industrial license and up to 100% by Government Route wherever it is likely to result in access to modern technology or for other reasons to be recorded.
◆An innovation ecosystem for Defence titled Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) has been launched in April 2018. iDEX is aimed at creation of an ecosystem to foster innovation and technology development in Defence and Aerospace by engaging Industries including MSMEs, Start-ups, Individual Innovators, R&D institutes and Academia and provide them grants/funding and other support to carry out R&D which has potential for future adoption for Indian defence and aerospace needs.
◆To give a major boost to development of innovative defence technology and support a growing Startup base in the country, MoD has earmarked Rs 1000 crore during 2021 – 22 for the procurement from the iDEX Startups.
◆Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence has also approved a scheme for Innovation in Defence Excellence (iDEX) during current year worth Rs 498 crore for 5 years. The scheme aims to benefit 300 new Startups for innovative design and development in defence sector.
◆An indigenization portal namely SRIJAN has been launched in August 2020 for DPSUs/OFB/Services with an industry interface to provide development support to MSMEs/Startups/Industry for import substitution.
◆Reforms in Offset policy have been included in DAP 2020, with thrust on attracting investment and Transfer of Technology for Defence manufacturing, by assigning higher multipliers to them.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Forwarded from SSB Future Officers (Ankit)
#Important_currentaffair_for_SSBinterview #Defence_News #GD_Material
◆Government has notified the ‘Strategic Partnership (SP)’ Model in May 2017, which envisages establishment of long-term strategic partnerships with Indian entities through a transparent and competitive process, wherein they would tie up with global Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to seek technology transfers to set up domestic manufacturing infrastructure and supply chains.
◆Government has notified a ‘Policy for indigenisation of components and spares used in Defence Platforms’ in March 2019 with the objective to create an industry ecosystem which is able to indigenize the imported components (including alloys & special materials) and sub-assemblies for defence equipment and platform manufactured in India.
◆Government has established two Defence Industrial Corridors, one each in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The investments of Rs 20,000 Cr have been envisaged in Defence corridors of Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu by the year 2024. So far, investment of approx. Rs 3342 Cr has been made in both the corridors by public as well private sector companies.
◆Moreover, the respective State Governments have also announced their Aerospace &Defence Policies to attract private players as well as foreign companies including Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in these two corridors.
◆An Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) on “Mutual Cooperation in Joint Manufacturing of Spares, Components, Aggregates and other material related to Russian/Soviet Origin Arms and Defence Equipment” was signed in Sep 2019. The objective of the IGA is to enhance the After Sales Support and operational availability of Russian origin equipment currently in service in Indian Armed Forces by organizing production of spares and components in the territory of India by Indian Industry by way of creation of Joint Ventures/Partnership with Russian Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) under the framework of the “Make in India” initiative.
◆Defence Products list requiring Industrial Licenses has been rationalised and manufacture of most of parts or components does not require Industrial License. The initial validity of the Industrial License granted under the IDR Act has been increased from 03 years to 15 years with a provision to further extend it by 03 years on a case-to-case basis.
◆Department of Defence Production has notified 46 items under the latest Public Procurement Order 2017 notified by Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), for which there is sufficient local capacity and competition and procurement of these items shall be done from local suppliers only irrespective of the purchase value.
◆Defence Investor Cell (DIC) has been created in Feb-2018 in the Ministry to provide all necessary information including addressing queries related to investment opportunities, procedures and regulatory requirements for investment in the sector. As on date, 1182 queries had been received and addressed by Defence Investor Cell.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion
Contd...........◆Government has notified the ‘Strategic Partnership (SP)’ Model in May 2017, which envisages establishment of long-term strategic partnerships with Indian entities through a transparent and competitive process, wherein they would tie up with global Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to seek technology transfers to set up domestic manufacturing infrastructure and supply chains.
◆Government has notified a ‘Policy for indigenisation of components and spares used in Defence Platforms’ in March 2019 with the objective to create an industry ecosystem which is able to indigenize the imported components (including alloys & special materials) and sub-assemblies for defence equipment and platform manufactured in India.
◆Government has established two Defence Industrial Corridors, one each in Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The investments of Rs 20,000 Cr have been envisaged in Defence corridors of Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu by the year 2024. So far, investment of approx. Rs 3342 Cr has been made in both the corridors by public as well private sector companies.
◆Moreover, the respective State Governments have also announced their Aerospace &Defence Policies to attract private players as well as foreign companies including Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in these two corridors.
◆An Inter-Governmental Agreement (IGA) on “Mutual Cooperation in Joint Manufacturing of Spares, Components, Aggregates and other material related to Russian/Soviet Origin Arms and Defence Equipment” was signed in Sep 2019. The objective of the IGA is to enhance the After Sales Support and operational availability of Russian origin equipment currently in service in Indian Armed Forces by organizing production of spares and components in the territory of India by Indian Industry by way of creation of Joint Ventures/Partnership with Russian Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) under the framework of the “Make in India” initiative.
◆Defence Products list requiring Industrial Licenses has been rationalised and manufacture of most of parts or components does not require Industrial License. The initial validity of the Industrial License granted under the IDR Act has been increased from 03 years to 15 years with a provision to further extend it by 03 years on a case-to-case basis.
◆Department of Defence Production has notified 46 items under the latest Public Procurement Order 2017 notified by Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), for which there is sufficient local capacity and competition and procurement of these items shall be done from local suppliers only irrespective of the purchase value.
◆Defence Investor Cell (DIC) has been created in Feb-2018 in the Ministry to provide all necessary information including addressing queries related to investment opportunities, procedures and regulatory requirements for investment in the sector. As on date, 1182 queries had been received and addressed by Defence Investor Cell.
For more @ssbgeneraldiscussion