Data Engineers
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๐Ÿฒ ๐—™๐—ฅ๐—˜๐—˜ ๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—”๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜†๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜€ ๐—–๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐— ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฃ๐˜†๐˜๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ป, ๐—ฆ๐—ค๐—Ÿ & ๐— ๐—Ÿ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฑ๐Ÿ˜

Looking to break into data analytics, data science, or machine learning this year?๐Ÿ’ป

These 6 free online courses from world-class universities and tech giants like Harvard, Stanford, MIT, Google, and IBM will help you build a job-ready skillset๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ’ป๐Ÿ“Œ

๐‹๐ข๐ง๐ค๐Ÿ‘‡:-

https://pdlink.in/4ksUTFi

Enjoy Learning โœ…๏ธ
ML Engineer vs AI Engineer

ML Engineer / MLOps

-Focuses on the deployment of machine learning models.
-Bridges the gap between data scientists and production environments.
-Designing and implementing machine learning models into production.
-Automating and orchestrating ML workflows and pipelines.
-Ensuring reproducibility, scalability, and reliability of ML models.
-Programming: Python, R, Java
-Libraries: TensorFlow, PyTorch, Scikit-learn
-MLOps: MLflow, Kubeflow, Docker, Kubernetes, Git, Jenkins, CI/CD tools

AI Engineer / Developer

- Applying AI techniques to solve specific problems.
- Deep knowledge of AI algorithms and their applications.
- Developing and implementing AI models and systems.
- Building and integrating AI solutions into existing applications.
- Collaborating with cross-functional teams to understand requirements and deliver AI-powered solutions.
- Programming: Python, Java, C++
- Libraries: TensorFlow, PyTorch, Keras, OpenCV
- Frameworks: ONNX, Hugging Face
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๐Ÿฑ ๐—ฃ๐—ผ๐˜„๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ณ๐˜‚๐—น ๐—ฃ๐˜†๐˜๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ท๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—”๐—ฑ๐—ฑ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—ฌ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ ๐—ฅ๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜‚๐—บ๐—ฒ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฑ๐Ÿ˜

Looking to land an internship, secure a tech job, or start freelancing in 2025?๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ’ป

Python projects are one of the best ways to showcase your skills and stand out in todayโ€™s competitive job market๐Ÿ—ฃ๐Ÿ“Œ

๐‹๐ข๐ง๐ค๐Ÿ‘‡:-

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Stand out in todayโ€™s competitive job marketโœ…๏ธ
Here are few Important SQL interview questions with topics

Basic SQL Concepts:

Explain the difference between SQL and NoSQL databases.
What are the common data types in SQL?

Querying:

How do you retrieve all records from a table named "Customers"?
What is the difference between SELECT and SELECT DISTINCT in a query?
Explain the purpose of the WHERE clause in SQL queries.

Joins:
Describe the types of joins in SQL (INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, FULL JOIN).
How would you retrieve data from two tables using an INNER JOIN?

Aggregate Functions:
What are aggregate functions in SQL? Can you name a few?
How do you calculate the average, sum, and count of a column in a SQL query?

Grouping and Filtering:
Explain the GROUP BY clause and its use in SQL.
How would you filter the results of an SQL query using the HAVING clause?

Subqueries:
What is a subquery, and when would you use one in SQL?
Provide an example of a subquery in an SQL statement.

Indexes and Optimization:
Why are indexes important in a database?
How would you optimize a slow-running SQL query?

Normalization and Data Integrity:
What is database normalization, and why is it important?
How can you enforce data integrity in a SQL database?

Transactions:
What is a SQL transaction, and why would you use it?
Explain the concepts of ACID properties in database transactions.

Views and Stored Procedures:
What is a database view, and when would you create one?
What is a stored procedure, and how does it differ from a regular SQL query?

Advanced SQL:
Can you write a recursive SQL query, and when would you use recursion?
Explain the concept of window functions in SQL.

These questions cover a range of SQL topics, from basic concepts to more advanced techniques, and can help assess a candidate's knowledge and skills in SQL :)

Like this post if you need more ๐Ÿ‘โค๏ธ

Hope it helps :)
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Forwarded from Artificial Intelligence
๐Ÿฑ ๐—™๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฒ ๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—”๐—ป๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜†๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐˜€ ๐—–๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—ž๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ธ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐˜ ๐—ฌ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ ๐—–๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฑ (๐—ช๐—ถ๐˜๐—ต ๐—–๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ณ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฒ๐˜€!)๐Ÿ˜

Start Here โ€” With Zero Cost and Maximum Value!๐Ÿ’ฐ๐Ÿ“Œ

If youโ€™re aiming for a career in data analytics, now is the perfect time to get started๐Ÿš€

๐‹๐ข๐ง๐ค๐Ÿ‘‡:-

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A great starting point if youโ€™re brand new to the fieldโœ…๏ธ
1. How to change a table name in SQL?
This is the command to change a table name in SQL:
ALTER TABLE table_name
RENAME TO new_table_name;
We will start off by giving the keywords ALTER TABLE, then we will follow it up by giving the original name of the table, after that, we will give in the keywords RENAME TO and finally, we will give the new table name.

2. How to use LIKE in SQL?
The LIKE operator checks if an attribute value matches a given string pattern. Here is an example of LIKE operator
SELECT * FROM employees WHERE first_name like โ€˜Stevenโ€™;
With this command, we will be able to extract all the records where the first name is like โ€œStevenโ€.

3. If we drop a table, does it also drop related objects like constraints, indexes, columns, default, views and sorted procedures?
Yes, SQL server drops all related objects, which exists inside a table like constraints, indexes, columns, defaults etc. But dropping a table will not drop views and sorted procedures as they exist outside the table.

4. Explain SQL Constraints.
SQL Constraints are used to specify the rules of data type in a table. They can be specified while creating and altering the table. The following are the constraints in SQL: NOT NULL CHECK DEFAULT UNIQUE PRIMARY KEY FOREIGN KEY
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๐Ÿฏ ๐—™๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฒ ๐— ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐˜€๐—ผ๐—ณ๐˜ ๐—”๐˜‡๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—Ÿ๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ป๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด ๐—ฃ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ต๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐— ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ด๐Ÿ˜

๐Ÿ“Š Ready to Dive Into the World of Data Engineering and Analytics?๐Ÿ“Œ

If youโ€™re planning to enter the field of data engineering or want to level up your cloud-based analytics skills, Microsoft Azure has just what you need โ€” for free!๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐ŸŽ“๐ŸŽŠ

๐‹๐ข๐ง๐ค๐Ÿ‘‡:-

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Enjoy Learning โœ…๏ธ
๐—™๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฒ ๐—–๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—ž๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ธ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐˜ ๐—ฌ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ ๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—ฆ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ ๐—๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ป๐—ฒ๐˜† ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฑ๐Ÿ˜

Ready to upskill in data science for free?๐Ÿš€

Here are 3 amazing courses to build a strong foundation in Exploratory Data Analysis, SQL, and Python๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ’ป๐Ÿ“Œ

๐‹๐ข๐ง๐ค๐Ÿ‘‡:-

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Take the first step towards your dream career!โœ…๏ธ
Beyond Data Analytics: Expanding Your Career Horizons

Once you've mastered core and advanced analytics skills, it's time to explore career growth opportunities beyond traditional data analyst roles. Here are some potential paths:

1๏ธโƒฃ Data Science & AI Specialist ๐Ÿค–

Dive deeper into machine learning, deep learning, and AI-powered analytics.

Learn advanced Python libraries like TensorFlow, PyTorch, and Scikit-Learn.

Work on predictive modeling, NLP, and AI automation.


2๏ธโƒฃ Data Engineering ๐Ÿ—๏ธ

Shift towards building scalable data infrastructure.

Master ETL pipelines, cloud databases (BigQuery, Snowflake, Redshift), and Apache Spark.

Learn Docker, Kubernetes, and Airflow for workflow automation.


3๏ธโƒฃ Business Intelligence & Data Strategy ๐Ÿ“Š

Transition into high-level decision-making roles.

Become a BI Consultant or Data Strategist, focusing on storytelling and business impact.

Lead data-driven transformation projects in organizations.


4๏ธโƒฃ Product Analytics & Growth Strategy ๐Ÿ“ˆ

Work closely with product managers to optimize user experience and engagement.

Use A/B testing, cohort analysis, and customer segmentation to drive product decisions.

Learn Mixpanel, Amplitude, and Google Analytics.


5๏ธโƒฃ Data Governance & Privacy Expert ๐Ÿ”

Specialize in data compliance, security, and ethical AI.

Learn about GDPR, CCPA, and industry regulations.

Work on data quality, lineage, and metadata management.


6๏ธโƒฃ AI-Powered Automation & No-Code Analytics ๐Ÿš€

Explore AutoML tools, AI-assisted analytics, and no-code platforms like Alteryx and DataRobot.

Automate repetitive tasks and create self-service analytics solutions for businesses.


7๏ธโƒฃ Freelancing & Consulting ๐Ÿ’ผ

Offer data analytics services as an independent consultant.

Build a personal brand through LinkedIn, Medium, or YouTube.

Monetize your expertise via online courses, coaching, or workshops.


8๏ธโƒฃ Transitioning to Leadership Roles

Become a Data Science Manager, Head of Analytics, or Chief Data Officer.

Focus on mentoring teams, driving data strategy, and influencing business decisions.

Develop stakeholder management, communication, and leadership skills.


Mastering data analytics opens up multiple career pathwaysโ€”whether in AI, business strategy, engineering, or leadership. Choose your path, keep learning, and stay ahead of industry trends! ๐Ÿš€

#dataanalytics
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๐Ÿฏ ๐—™๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฒ ๐—ข๐—ฟ๐—ฎ๐—ฐ๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—–๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ณ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—™๐˜‚๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ-๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—ณ ๐—ฌ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ ๐—ง๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ต ๐—–๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฑ๐Ÿ˜

Oracle, one of the worldโ€™s most trusted tech giants, offers free training and globally recognized certifications to help you build expertise in cloud computing, Java, and enterprise applications.๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐ŸŽ“๐Ÿ“Œ

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All at zero cost!๐ŸŽŠโœ…๏ธ
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๐Ÿ” Mastering Spark: 20 Interview Questions Demystified!

1๏ธโƒฃ MapReduce vs. Spark: Learn how Spark achieves 100x faster performance compared to MapReduce.
2๏ธโƒฃ RDD vs. DataFrame: Unravel the key differences between RDD and DataFrame, and discover what makes DataFrame unique.
3๏ธโƒฃ DataFrame vs. Datasets: Delve into the distinctions between DataFrame and Datasets in Spark.
4๏ธโƒฃ RDD Operations: Explore the various RDD operations that power Spark.
5๏ธโƒฃ Narrow vs. Wide Transformations: Understand the differences between narrow and wide transformations in Spark.
6๏ธโƒฃ Shared Variables: Discover the shared variables that facilitate distributed computing in Spark.
7๏ธโƒฃ Persist vs. Cache: Differentiate between the persist and cache functionalities in Spark.
8๏ธโƒฃ Spark Checkpointing: Learn about Spark checkpointing and how it differs from persisting to disk.
9๏ธโƒฃ SparkSession vs. SparkContext: Understand the roles of SparkSession and SparkContext in Spark applications.
๐Ÿ”Ÿ spark-submit Parameters: Explore the parameters to specify in the spark-submit command.
1๏ธโƒฃ1๏ธโƒฃ Cluster Managers in Spark: Familiarize yourself with the different types of cluster managers available in Spark.
1๏ธโƒฃ2๏ธโƒฃ Deploy Modes: Learn about the deploy modes in Spark and their significance.
1๏ธโƒฃ3๏ธโƒฃ Executor vs. Executor Core: Distinguish between executor and executor core in the Spark ecosystem.
1๏ธโƒฃ4๏ธโƒฃ Shuffling Concept: Gain insights into the shuffling concept in Spark and its importance.
1๏ธโƒฃ5๏ธโƒฃ Number of Stages in Spark Job: Understand how to decide the number of stages created in a Spark job.
1๏ธโƒฃ6๏ธโƒฃ Spark Job Execution Internals: Get a peek into how Spark internally executes a program.
1๏ธโƒฃ7๏ธโƒฃ Direct Output Storage: Explore the possibility of directly storing output without sending it back to the driver.
1๏ธโƒฃ8๏ธโƒฃ Coalesce and Repartition: Learn about the applications of coalesce and repartition in Spark.
1๏ธโƒฃ9๏ธโƒฃ Physical and Logical Plan Optimization: Uncover the optimization techniques employed in Spark's physical and logical plans.
2๏ธโƒฃ0๏ธโƒฃ Treereduce and Treeaggregate: Discover why treereduce and treeaggregate are preferred over reduceByKey and aggregateByKey in certain scenarios.

Data Engineering Interview Preparation Resources: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Vaovs0ZKbYMKXvKRYi3C
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Forwarded from Artificial Intelligence
๐— ๐—ฎ๐˜€๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—ฃ๐˜†๐˜๐—ต๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—™๐˜‚๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—ฎ๐—บ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐˜๐—ฎ๐—น๐˜€ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—ง๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐—ต & ๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—ฅ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ฒ๐˜€ โ€“ ๐—™๐—ฟ๐—ฒ๐—ฒ ๐—•๐—ฒ๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฟ ๐—š๐˜‚๐—ถ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐Ÿ˜

If youโ€™re aiming for a role in tech, data analytics, or software development, one of the most valuable skills you can master is Python๐ŸŽฏ

๐‹๐ข๐ง๐ค๐Ÿ‘‡:-

https://pdlink.in/4jg88I8

All The Best ๐ŸŽŠ
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WhatsApp is no longer a platform just for chat.

It's an educational goldmine.

If you do, youโ€™re sleeping on a goldmine of knowledge and community. WhatsApp channels are a great way to practice data science, make your own community, and find accountability partners.

I have curated the list of best WhatsApp channels to learn coding & data science for FREE

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ENJOY LEARNING ๐Ÿ‘๐Ÿ‘
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๐Ÿฏ ๐—•๐—ฒ๐—ด๐—ถ๐—ป๐—ป๐—ฒ๐—ฟ-๐—™๐—ฟ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฑ๐—น๐˜† ๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—ฆ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ ๐—ฃ๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ท๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐˜๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—•๐˜‚๐—ถ๐—น๐—ฑ ๐—ฌ๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ ๐—ฃ๐—ผ๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—น๐—ถ๐—ผ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฑ๐Ÿ˜

๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿ’ป Want to Break into Data Science but Donโ€™t Know Where to Start?๐Ÿš€

The best way to begin your data science journey is with hands-on projects using real-world datasets.๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ’ป๐Ÿ“Œ

๐‹๐ข๐ง๐ค๐Ÿ‘‡:-

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Enjoy Learning โœ…๏ธ
๐—š๐—ผ๐—ผ๐—ด๐—น๐—ฒ ๐—ง๐—ผ๐—ฝ ๐—™๐—ฅ๐—˜๐—˜ ๐—–๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ณ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—–๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐˜€๐Ÿ˜

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Enroll For FREE & Get Certified ๐ŸŽ“๏ธ
๐Ÿ‘1
๐Ÿณ ๐—•๐—ฒ๐˜€๐˜ ๐—ช๐—ฒ๐—ฏ๐˜€๐—ถ๐˜๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐˜๐—ผ ๐—Ÿ๐—ฒ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐—ป ๐——๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฎ ๐—ฆ๐—ฐ๐—ถ๐—ฒ๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ฒ ๐—ณ๐—ผ๐—ฟ ๐—™๐—ฅ๐—˜๐—˜ ๐—ถ๐—ป ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฑ (๐—ก๐—ผ ๐—–๐—ผ๐˜€๐˜, ๐—ก๐—ผ ๐—–๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ฐ๐—ต!)๐Ÿ˜

Want to become a Data Scientist in 2025 without spending a single rupee? Youโ€™re in the right place๐Ÿ“Œ

From Python and machine learning to hands-on projects and challenges๐ŸŽฏ

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SNOWFLAKES AND DATABRICKS

Snowflake and Databricks
are leading cloud data platforms, but how do you choose the right one for your needs?

๐ŸŒ  ๐’๐ง๐จ๐ฐ๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐š๐ค๐ž

โ„๏ธ ๐๐š๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ž: Snowflake operates as a cloud-native data warehouse-as-a-service, streamlining data storage and management without the need for complex infrastructure setup.

โ„๏ธ ๐’๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ฌ: It provides robust ELT (Extract, Load, Transform) capabilities primarily through its COPY command, enabling efficient data loading.
โ„๏ธ  Snowflake offers dedicated schema and file object definitions, enhancing data organization and accessibility.

โ„๏ธ  ๐…๐ฅ๐ž๐ฑ๐ข๐›๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ: One of its standout features is the ability to create multiple independent compute clusters that can operate on a single data copy. This flexibility allows for enhanced resource allocation based on varying workloads.

โ„๏ธ ๐ƒ๐š๐ญ๐š ๐„๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ž๐ž๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ : While Snowflake primarily adopts an ELT approach, it seamlessly integrates with popular third-party ETL tools such as Fivetran, Talend, and supports DBT installation. This integration makes it a versatile choice for organizations looking to leverage existing tools.

๐ŸŒ ๐ƒ๐š๐ญ๐š๐›๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ค๐ฌ

โ„๏ธ  ๐‚๐จ๐ซ๐ž: Databricks is fundamentally built around processing power, with native support for Apache Spark, making it an exceptional platform for ETL tasks. This integration allows users to perform complex data transformations efficiently.

โ„๏ธ ๐’๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐š๐ ๐ž: It utilizes a 'data lakehouse' architecture, which combines the features of a data lake with the ability to run SQL queries. This model is gaining traction as organizations seek to leverage both structured and unstructured data in a unified framework.

๐ŸŒ ๐Š๐ž๐ฒ ๐“๐š๐ค๐ž๐š๐ฐ๐š๐ฒ๐ฌ

โ„๏ธ ๐ƒ๐ข๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐œ๐ญ ๐๐ž๐ž๐๐ฌ: Both Snowflake and Databricks excel in their respective areas, addressing different data management requirements.

โ„๏ธ ๐’๐ง๐จ๐ฐ๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐š๐ค๐žโ€™๐ฌ ๐ˆ๐๐ž๐š๐ฅ ๐”๐ฌ๐ž ๐‚๐š๐ฌ๐ž: If you are equipped with established ETL tools like Fivetran, Talend, or Tibco, Snowflake could be the perfect choice. It efficiently manages the complexities of database infrastructure, including partitioning, scalability, and indexing.

โ„๏ธ ๐ƒ๐š๐ญ๐š๐›๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ค๐ฌ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐‚๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฑ ๐‹๐š๐ง๐๐ฌ๐œ๐š๐ฉ๐ž๐ฌ: Conversely, if your organization deals with a complex data landscape characterized by unpredictable sources and schemas, Databricksโ€”with its schema-on-read techniqueโ€”may be more advantageous.

๐ŸŒ ๐‚๐จ๐ง๐œ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง:

Ultimately, the decision between Snowflake and Databricks should align with your specific data needs and organizational goals. Both platforms have established their niches, and understanding their strengths will guide you in selecting the right tool for your data strategy.
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Here are some commonly asked SQL interview questions along with brief answers:

1. What is SQL?
- SQL stands for Structured Query Language, used for managing and manipulating relational databases.

2. What are the types of SQL commands?
- SQL commands can be broadly categorized into four types: Data Definition Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML), Data Control Language (DCL), and Transaction Control Language (TCL).

3. What is the difference between CHAR and VARCHAR data types?
- CHAR is a fixed-length character data type, while VARCHAR is a variable-length character data type. CHAR will always occupy the same amount of storage space, while VARCHAR will only use the necessary space to store the actual data.

4. What is a primary key?
- A primary key is a column or a set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table. It ensures data integrity by enforcing uniqueness and can be used to establish relationships between tables.

5. What is a foreign key?
- A foreign key is a column or a set of columns in one table that refers to the primary key in another table. It establishes a relationship between two tables and ensures referential integrity.

6. What is a JOIN in SQL?
- JOIN is used to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column between them. There are different types of JOINs, including INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.

7. What is the difference between INNER JOIN and OUTER JOIN?
- INNER JOIN returns only the rows that have matching values in both tables, while OUTER JOIN (LEFT, RIGHT, FULL) returns all rows from one or both tables, with NULL values in columns where there is no match.

8. What is the difference between GROUP BY and ORDER BY?
- GROUP BY is used to group rows that have the same values into summary rows, typically used with aggregate functions like SUM, COUNT, AVG, etc., while ORDER BY is used to sort the result set based on one or more columns.

9. What is a subquery?
- A subquery is a query nested within another query, used to return data that will be used in the main query. Subqueries can be used in SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements.

10. What is normalization in SQL?
- Normalization is the process of organizing data in a database to reduce redundancy and dependency. It involves dividing large tables into smaller tables and defining relationships between them to improve data integrity and efficiency.

Around 90% questions will be asked from sql in data analytics interview, so please make sure to practice SQL skills using websites like stratascratch. โ˜บ๏ธ๐Ÿ’ช
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Forwarded from Artificial Intelligence
๐—™๐—ฅ๐—˜๐—˜ ๐—–๐—ฒ๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ณ๐—ถ๐—ฐ๐—ฎ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป ๐—–๐—ผ๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐˜€๐—ฒ๐˜€ ๐—ง๐—ผ ๐—˜๐—ป๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—น๐—น ๐—œ๐—ป ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฌ๐Ÿฎ๐Ÿฑ ๐Ÿ˜

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