"<ሌላ>ውን (the Other) በመረዳት ሂደት ውስጥ የራስን ቅድመ-ግንዛቤ ወይም አረዳድ (pre-understanding) ማስወገድ ወይም ችላ ማለት ፈጽሞ አይቻልም።"

Hans-George Gadamer, Truth and Method,trans. Garrett Barden and John Cumming (Newyork: The Seabury Press,1975), 245፣ 273; J. Bleicher, Contemporary Hermeneutics: Hermeneutics as Method, Philosophy, and Critique,(London, Boston and Henley: Routledge and Kegan Paul,1980),112.

"የሰው ልጅ "ህልውና" የራሱ የተለየ እውነታ አለው"

M. Heidegger, Being and Time, trans. John Macquarrie and Edeward Robinson (Oxford Basil Blackwell,1978),32,97;J. Bleicher, Contemporary Hermeneutics: Hermeneutics as Method,Philosophy, and Critique, (London,Boston and Henley: Routledge and kegan Paul,1980),99-100.

https://youtu.be/0rGJBeEWceA

በፍልስፍና ታሪክ ውስጥ አንዱ የሆነው የመካከለኛው ዘመን ፍልስፍና ነው ። በዚያ ዘመን ከእስልምና ወገን የተገኙ ፍልስፍናዎች የበዙ ናቸው ። ከነርሱ አንዱ ስለሆነው ስለ " ኢብኑ አህመድ ረሹድ ሥራዎች " ላይ የፍልስፍና መምህር የሆኑት ዶ/ር ዳኛቸው የሚሉን አለ ። ተጋበዙልን ።

" በመሐመድ አሊ ቡርሃን " ስለ " ኢማሙ አል - ገዛሊ እና የምዕራቡ ዓለም ፍልስፍና ተቃርኖ" በሚል የቀረበውን በተለያዩ የፍልስፍና ጉዳዮች ላይ በታሪካዊ መነጽር ውስጥ አስገብቶ ያበጠረውን ንግግር ጋበዝኩ ። እንዲህ ያሉ መድረኮች ይበዙ ዘንድ እንመኛለን ። የሀሳብ ልሕቀት ትንሣኤን ያቅርብልን !
https://youtu.be/axJ4hyLqJNM

"...Have you not heard of that madman who lit a lantern in the bright morning hours, ran to the market place, and cried incessantly: “I seek God! I seek God!” —As many of those who did not believe in God were standing around just then, he provoked much laughter. Has he got lost? asked one. Did he lose his way like a child? asked another. Or is he hiding? Is he afraid of us? Has he gone on a voyage? emigrated? —Thus they yelled and laughed.
The madman jumped into their midst and pierced them with his eyes. “Whither is God?” he cried; “I will tell you. We have killed him—you and I. All of us are his murderers. But how did we do this? How could we drink up the sea? Who gave us the sponge to wipe away the entire horizon? What were we doing when we unchained this earth from its sun? Whither is it moving now? Whither are we moving? Away from all suns? Are we not plunging continually? Backward, sideward, forward, in all directions? Is. there still any up or down? Are we not straying as through an infinite nothing? Do we not feel the breath of empty space? Has it not become colder? Is not night continually closing in on us? Do we not need to light lanterns in the morning? Do we hear nothing as yet of the noise of the gravediggers who are burying God? Do we smell nothing as yet of the divine decomposition? Gods, too, decompose. God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him.
“How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? What was holiest and mightiest of all that the world has yet owned has bled to death under our knives: who will wipe this blood off us? What water is there for us to clean ourselves? What festivals of atonement, what sacred games shall we have to invent? Is not the greatness of this deed too great for us? Must we ourselves not become gods simply to appear worthy of it? There has never been a greater deed; and whoever is born after us—for the sake of this deed he will belong to a higher history than all history hitherto.”
Here the madman fell silent and looked again at his listeners; and they, too, were silent and stared at him in astonishment. At last he threw his lantern on the ground, and it broke into pieces and went out. “I have come too early,” he said then; “my time is not yet. This tremendous event is still on its way, still wandering; it has not yet reached the ears of men. Lightning and thunder require time; the light of the stars requires time; deeds, though done, still require time to be seen and heard. This deed is still more distant from them than the most distant stars—and yet they have done it themselves.”


Frederick Nietzsche, The Gay Science, 125

"Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-incurred immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one’s own understanding without the guidance of another..."


Immanuel Kant,[An Answer to the Question: ‘What is Enlightenment?’],p1.

< ዘመናዊነት ማለት ከድሮው ባህልና አስተሳሰብ መነጠል ሳይሆን፣ እንዲያውም የድሮው ባህሎችና እሴቶች እንደገና እንዲያብቡ ማድረግ ነው >

Mesay Kebede, Survival and Modernization: Ethiopia's Enigmatic Present.1999,p..243-244

ውድ የዚህ ቻናል ተከታታዮች :

አንድ ውይይት የሚያጭር ሀሳብ እነሆ :
ነገረ መለኮታዊ ፍልስፍና (Theological Philosophy) የሚባል ነገር አለ ወይ? ... ካለም ከሌለም ማስረጃችሁ ምንድነው ? ...

በምዕራቡ ዓለም ፍልስፍናዊ ነገረ መለኮት (Philosophical Theology) የሚባል አለ ? ይሄስ መኖር ይችላል ወይ ? ... ካለም ከሌለም ማስረጃችሁ ምንድነው ?

ከሁለቱ መንገዶች የትኛው የተሻለ ነውስ ብላችሁ ታስባላችሁ ? ... ሀሳቡ ገዳቢ ሆኖ ከተሰማችሁ ከጠየቅኩት ወጣ ብሎ ጠይቆም መሟገት የተፈቀደ ነው ።

በሩ ለውይይት ክፍት ሆኗል ። መቀጠል ይቻላል ።

"ዘመናዊነት የሚደረስበት የታሪክ ደረጃና ቅደም ተከተል አይደለም። ይሄም ማለት ዘመናዊነት <<ዘመነ ትንሣኤ>> እና <<ዘመነ አብርሆት>> የሚባሉትን የታሪክ ምዕራፎች አልፈን የምንደርስበት የጋራ መድረሻ(Shared destination) ሳይሆን በየትኛውም የታሪክ ምዕራፍ ላይ ያሉ ህዝቦችን ሁሉ የሚያስተሳስር ዓለም አቀፍ ሐሳብ ወይም የጋራ ባህል(Shared Culture) ነው። ዘመናዊነት <<ዓለምአቀፍ ሐሳብ ነው>> ሲባል ህዝቦች በግድም ሆነ በውስጣዊ ትግል ይገቡበታል ለማለት ነው።"

ፕ/ር አንድሪያስ እሸቴ ስለ ዘመናዊነት,የፍልስፍና ትምህርት ቅጽ-1 የሰው ልጅ የሐሳብ ታሪክ

በዚህ የውይይት ክፍላችን ከዮሐንስ ሙሉጌታ ጋር በመሆን የአዲሱ አስተሳሰብ እንቅስቃሴን ምንነት ፣ ይዘት ፣ ፍልስፍናዊ መሠረት እና በኦርቶዶክሳዊ አስተምህሮ እሴቶች (Orthodox values) ላይ የሚያደርሰውን ዘመን ዘለቅ ጉዳት ለማጤን ሞክረናል።

1) የአዲሱ አስተሳሰብ እንቅስቃሴ ምንድር ነው?

2) ፍልስፍናዊና ርእዮተ ዓለማዊ መሠረቶቹ ምንድር ናቸው?

3) የዚህ እንቅስቃሴ መዛመት ለምን ይገደናል?

4) የአዲሱ አስተሳሰብ እንቅስቃሴ የመንፈሳዊነት መገለጫዎችና ኦርቶዶክሳዊ መንፈሳዊነት ምን እና ምን ናቸው?

5) መምህራን እየደገፉት መሆኑ ምን ይነግረናል?

ከላይ የተጠቀሱት ርእሰ ጉዳዮች በውይይቱ መጠነኛ ዳሰሳ ተደርጎባቸዋል ፣ ለወዳጆችዎ ያጋሩ።
https://youtu.be/2l_wtlQvHxs

"The society of positivity, from which negativity has disappeared, is a society of bare life, which is exclusively dominated by the concern to make sure of survival"

Byung-Chul Han, The Agony of Eros

Metaphysics and Faith
By christos yannaras
           Part 1
When we say today Metaphysics and faith to be mean or think about some thing different than the ideology?
this is his question to all of you very straight forward.
When we speak today about Metaphysics and faith do we mean something other than ideology or solely something ideological?
  an important thinker and theologian of our times metropolitan john Pergamon say today the ontology is replaced by psychology in our discussion we are not intersted or concerned about the question what really is truly is or what does it mean that something exists or it doesn't exist instead of requesting or searching for an answer to this question we are creating a sort of conviction in which we invest our own psychological needs and that's how we substitute really indeed in reality when in the psychological invest am i right?do you correct me?
  This question just to encourage us to begin our discussion because to it's meant to be a discussion let me add something else,also when we today say word faith if am not wrong i believe that the great majority of people understands assumes that faith is about individual convictions but the word faith in its initial meaning doesn't refer to that bad to trust.when i believe that means that i trust i am in confidence there fore trust means a relationship.If i trust somebody i have to know him i have to establish a communication with him.fortunately this meaning of faith still functioning in the market we say somebody has credit in the market that means that market or people from marke know this person and because they know him they have trust in him they know him.

So do you understand that such sunction of the word 'faith'?
  today is the opposite of the Concept of Confession as we today have it related to faith  faith as confession. so to belong to a certain Confession presupposes that i individually have choosen as i choose or elect that i trust or the newspaper that i read.that's how i choose grammaly my metaphysical convictions. so in culture of individual choices it is absolutely natural to have this plethora of church's that we encounter in the united States.endless number and such one them has the name church so the question that is emerges in the American society the question is whether Metaphysics is identity with ideology if that is the case then how can it be different from what we call in philosophy "Meaning of reality".Can you remember do you remember the famous phrase from Wittgenstein "The meaning of the world must be outside of the world".if the meaning of the world is to be found within the world then it would have the relativity of an accidental then meaning of the world.

ትርጉም

ዲበ አካል እና እምነት

በክሪስቶስ ያናራስ : ክፍል ፩

ዛሬ ዲበ አካል(የእውነታ ትርጉም) እና እምነትን ስናወራ ከአስተሳሰብ ለይተን የምናስባቸው ነውን ? ይሄ ቀጥታ ለሁላችሁም የጠየቀው ጥያቄ ነው ።

ዛሬ ላይ ስለዲበ አካል (የእውነታ ትርጉም) እና ስለእምነት ስናወራ አስተሳሰባዊ ርእዮት ወይም ስለርእዮታዊነት እያወራን ነውን ?

በእኛ ዘመን ያለ አንድ ድንቅ ተፈላሳፊ እና ነገረ መለኮት አዋቂ ሊቀ ጳጳስ ዮሐንስ ጴርጋሞን እንዲህ ይላል : " ዛሬ ላይ የማንነት ጥናት በሥነ ልቡና ጥናት ተተክቷል ። በጥያቄዎቻችንም ሆነ በውይይቶቻችን ውስጥ በእርግጥ እውነት ስለሆነው ነገር ወይም አንድ ነገር ሕልው ነው ወይስ አይደለም ብለን የምንጠይቅ አይደለንም ፤ ይልቁንም የራሳችንን ሥነ ልቡና ጥም እንዲያረካልን የሆነ የራሳችንን አቋም በመያዝ እንጠመዳለን ። እውነታውን በእውነት ከመፈለግ ይልቅ ለምንጠይቀው ጥያቄ የያዝነውን አቋም ልክ ነው ? ወይስ አይደለም ? በማለት እንወሰናለን ።

ይሄ ጥያቄ ውይይታችንን ለመክፈት ይረዳን ዘንድ ያነሳሁት ነው ። ሌላም እንዲሁ ልጨምር : " እምነት " የሚለው ቃል ዛሬ ላይ ካልተሳሳትኩ አብዝኃው ሰው የሚረዳው የግልን አቋም መያዝ አድርጎ ነው ። " እምነት " የሚለው ቃል ግን በራሱ ጥንታዊ ትርጉሙ ይህንን አያመለክትም ። እኔ አምናለሁ ማለት እኔ እተማመናለሁ(Trust) አደርጋለሁ እያልኩ ነው ፤ በዚህም መተማመን ግንኙነታዊ እንደሆነ ያሳያል ። እኔ አንድን ሰው ከተማመንኩት ያንን ሰው ማወቅ አለብኝ ፣ ከእርሱ ጋርም መግባባት አለብኝ ። ይህ የእምነት ትርጉም አሁንም ድረስ በንግድ ቦታ ይገኛል ። አንድ ሰው ገበያ ሄዶ በዱቤ የሚገዛው ነጋዴዎቹ ያንን ሰው ስለሚያምኑት ነው ። የሚያምኑት ደግሞ ስለሚግባቡት እና ስለሚያውቁት ነው ።

ስለዚህ አስተዋላችሁን ? ዛሬ የእምነት ትርጉም ምስክርነትን ከመስጠት በተቃራኒ ያለ ነው ። እምነትን እንደምስክርነት እንረዳዋለንና ። የሆነ ምስክርነትን መያዝ ማለት እኔ የማምነውን እመርጣለሁ ፣ የማነበውን ጋዜጣ እለያለሁ ማለት ነው ። በዚህ ነው እኔ የኔን ዲበ አካላዊ(የእውነታን ምንነት) አቋም የምመርጠው ። ስለዚህ ግለሰባዊ ምርጫ ባለበት የበዙ የቤተ ክርስቲያን አይነቶችን ባለንበት በአሜሪካ እንኳ ማግኘት ተፈጥሯዊ ነው ። ማኅልቅት የሌላቸው እልፍ አእላፍ የሆኑ ነገር ግን ቤተ ክርስቲያን የሚል ስም የያዙ ሊገኙ ችለዋል ። ስለዚህ ለዚህ አሜሪካ ማኅበረሰብ የምንጠይቀው ጥያቄ

: ዲበ አካል ማለት ከርእዮተ ዓለም ጋር አንድ መሆን ነውን ? ከሆነ በፍልስፍና ከምናውቀው " የእውነታ ምንነት " ጋር በምን ተለየ ?

ከ ዊትገንስታይን የተወሰደች ታዋቂዋን አባባል ታስታውሳላችሁን ? " የዓለም ትርጉሟ ከዓለም ውጪ መሆን አለበት ። " የዓለም ትርጉም በዓለም ውስጥ የሚገኝ ቢሆን ኖሮ ድንገታዊ የዓለም ትርጉም በአንጻራዊነት ሊነሳ ይችል ነበር ።

It’s clear that man cannot know this on his own. The human mind does not acquire any idea except by experience. Experience can teach us neither what was before our existence, nor what happens after, nor what animates our present existence. How were we given life? How is it maintained? How does the brain hold ideas and memory? How do our limbs instantly obey our will? We don’t know. Is this the only world with life? Was it made after other worlds or in the same moment? Does each species of plant originate from a first plant? Is every species of animal descended from an original two of its kind? The greatest philosophers don’t know more on these matters than the most ignorant. We must return to the popular proverb: “Which came first, the chicken or the egg?” The proverb is unsophisticated, but it confounds the wisest who know nothing about first principles without supernatural assistance. "

[Francois-Marie Arouet(Voltaire) : (French Philosopher , Writer) : From " Poem on Lisbon Disaster"]

“Either human intelligence ultimately owes its origin to mindless matter; or there is a Creator. It is strange that some people claim that it is their intelligence that leads them to prefer the first to the second.”

[(John Lennox) : Professor of Mathematics]

David you believe in God and argue for God's existence part of that is attacking those who would deny God's existence atheist so when you hear a theistic arguments what are your reactions to them?
David Bentley Hart: it depends on how good they are in recent years we've we've seen a little cottage industry spring up in in marketing very bad arguments for atheism so then my reaction is ill-concealed scorn let's differentiate let's start with the the bad arguments what are some of those I mean the sort of arguments you you you say you would find in Richard Dawkins in which you know he clearly misunderstands claims about ontological contingency and thinks you can conjure them away by having a sufficiently comprehensive cosmology you know or that he when he says something like evolution answers the question of existence is it that that's actually something he says I mean you realized there that you're dealing with category errors so so profound that they verge on the infinite so those are bad arguments and in general I my list of fine atheist philosophers in the twentieth century is a small one Macke would probably be it really was so Bowl that would be they in the english-speaking world I think there was a greater age of atheism in the 19th century profounder arguments simply because they were based on a deeper knowledge of what what was what they were attacking Nietzsche Nietzsche understood Christianity not every aspect of it I mean he had a distinctly Protestant view of it generally but his attacks were an attack directly on the ethos and the self understanding of Christianity on the whole though I think the only really solvent atheist argument isn't one from modal logic or or from any of the sort of questions what the the are typically classified in philosophy of religion as being about the existence of God I think it's the argument from evil you know that's the one that I don't think can be shown to be internally incoherent that you know we we exist in a world of monstrous evil and monstrous suffering and the theists traditions as one tell us that behind all this is a God of infinite justice mercy love and intellect and there seems to be such an implausible contrast between experience and that claim that that if nothing else even if logically that doesn't do away with the notion of an absolute it certainly seems to do away or could do away potentially with vast regions of the typical theistic picture of God.


and in that the argument from evil which is the atheistic argument it would be both naturalistic Evo which is is non sin if you will who is earthquakes but when a child dies with cancer right right or or if you go back further animal suffering during hundreds of billions of years of evolution it was a continuous pain and suffering for for animals and so you have to deal with both of those and so what's how do you deal with that?
David Bentley Hart: generally try to avoid it.but...

shows it's a good argument if you try to avoid it?


David Bentley Hart: well you see as I say it succeeds not at the level of the logic of ontology say but it definitely succeeds at the level of devotion and moral theology all traditions all of them start from the assumption that there's something broken something has gone wrong in creation and its relation to God that has are there a moral or a spiritual root I mean I'm no patience for fundamentalists so obviously I don't believe that 6000 years ago there was a specific transgression involving a snake but I do believe that that and the other legends of the fall which is sort of a universal human type of story do touch upon a sense that that leaks the reality we experience and all of its dimensions even in those that in terms of cosmic history preceded the human have to do with an original alienation from God the nature of which is impossible to understand except in light of its negation which would be reconciliation with God but it's not an argument I ever tried to slight or pass all is this the one argument I never pretend can be swept away or defeated and it's the one I for which I

hold the greatest respect and the one that I find intermittently convincing my self..

“Most people learn nothing from experience, except confirmation of their prejudices.“

— Bertrand Russell, The Lessons of Experience, 23 September 1931