" Fascism "
(Major Points by Ryan Chapman)

- Fascism is a concept of political philosophy mainly manifested in the politics of Adolf Hitler and Mussolini.

- Fascism brought its starting point back to Sorell and Karl Marx.

- Fascism main idea is that all individuals should submit their will to the will of the mass ; their wants should be submitted to the wants of the mass. The mass on the other hand is stirred up by what we call " the Spirit of Nationalism."!

- Fascism by imposing an intangible sense of National Spirit on the mass it resembles what George Wilhelm Hegel used to say about Spirits. So by this we can say fascism has Hegelian attribute in some respect.

- Fascism by creating an imaginary sense of spirit of nationalism kills individual will, thoughts, ideas of arguments and etc by this it easily prones the society to mob mentality.

To hear more ... The link is pinned.

A very good introduction to the " Critique of Pure Reason " of Immanuel Kant by Peter Rickman ... Enjoy !

Metaphysics and Faith
By christos yannaras
Part 1
When we say today Metaphysics and faith to be mean or think about some thing different than the ideology?
this is his question to all of you very straight forward.
When we speak today about Metaphysics and faith do we mean something other than ideology or solely something ideological?
an important thinker and theologian of our times metropolitan john Pergamon say today the ontology is replaced by psychology in our discussion we are not intersted or concerned about the question what really is truly is or what does it mean that something exists or it doesn't exist instead of requesting or searching for an answer to this question we are creating a sort of conviction in which we invest our own psychological needs and that's how we substitute really indeed in reality when in the psychological invest am i right?do you correct me?
This question just to encourage us to begin our discussion because to it's meant to be a discussion let me add something else,also when we today say word faith if am not wrong i believe that the great majority of people understands assumes that faith is about individual convictions but the word faith in its initial meaning doesn't refer to that bad to trust.when i believe that means that i trust i am in confidence there fore trust means a relationship.If i trust somebody i have to know him i have to establish a communication with him.fortunately this meaning of faith still functioning in the market we say somebody has credit in the market that means that market or people from marke know this person and because they know him they have trust in him they know him.

So do you understand that such sunction of the word 'faith'?
today is the opposite of the Concept of Confession as we today have it related to faith faith as confession. so to belong to a certain Confession presupposes that i individually have choosen as i choose or elect that i trust or the newspaper that i read.that's how i choose grammaly my metaphysical convictions. so in culture of individual choices it is absolutely natural to have this plethora of church's that we encounter in the united States.endless number and such one them has the name church so the question that is emerges in the American society the question is whether Metaphysics is identity with ideology if that is the case then how can it be different from what we call in philosophy "Meaning of reality".Can you remember do you remember the famous phrase from Wittgenstein "The meaning of the world must be outside of the world".if the meaning of the world is to be found within the world then it would have the relativity of an accidental then meaning of the world.

"<ሌላ>ውን (the Other) በመረዳት ሂደት ውስጥ የራስን ቅድመ-ግንዛቤ ወይም አረዳድ (pre-understanding) ማስወገድ ወይም ችላ ማለት ፈጽሞ አይቻልም።"

Hans-George Gadamer, Truth and Method,trans. Garrett Barden and John Cumming (Newyork: The Seabury Press,1975), 245፣ 273; J. Bleicher, Contemporary Hermeneutics: Hermeneutics as Method, Philosophy, and Critique,(London, Boston and Henley: Routledge and Kegan Paul,1980),112.

"የሰው ልጅ "ህልውና" የራሱ የተለየ እውነታ አለው"

M. Heidegger, Being and Time, trans. John Macquarrie and Edeward Robinson (Oxford Basil Blackwell,1978),32,97;J. Bleicher, Contemporary Hermeneutics: Hermeneutics as Method,Philosophy, and Critique, (London,Boston and Henley: Routledge and kegan Paul,1980),99-100.

https://youtu.be/0rGJBeEWceA

በፍልስፍና ታሪክ ውስጥ አንዱ የሆነው የመካከለኛው ዘመን ፍልስፍና ነው ። በዚያ ዘመን ከእስልምና ወገን የተገኙ ፍልስፍናዎች የበዙ ናቸው ። ከነርሱ አንዱ ስለሆነው ስለ " ኢብኑ አህመድ ረሹድ ሥራዎች " ላይ የፍልስፍና መምህር የሆኑት ዶ/ር ዳኛቸው የሚሉን አለ ። ተጋበዙልን ።

" በመሐመድ አሊ ቡርሃን " ስለ " ኢማሙ አል - ገዛሊ እና የምዕራቡ ዓለም ፍልስፍና ተቃርኖ" በሚል የቀረበውን በተለያዩ የፍልስፍና ጉዳዮች ላይ በታሪካዊ መነጽር ውስጥ አስገብቶ ያበጠረውን ንግግር ጋበዝኩ ። እንዲህ ያሉ መድረኮች ይበዙ ዘንድ እንመኛለን ። የሀሳብ ልሕቀት ትንሣኤን ያቅርብልን !
https://youtu.be/axJ4hyLqJNM

"...Have you not heard of that madman who lit a lantern in the bright morning hours, ran to the market place, and cried incessantly: “I seek God! I seek God!” —As many of those who did not believe in God were standing around just then, he provoked much laughter. Has he got lost? asked one. Did he lose his way like a child? asked another. Or is he hiding? Is he afraid of us? Has he gone on a voyage? emigrated? —Thus they yelled and laughed.
The madman jumped into their midst and pierced them with his eyes. “Whither is God?” he cried; “I will tell you. We have killed him—you and I. All of us are his murderers. But how did we do this? How could we drink up the sea? Who gave us the sponge to wipe away the entire horizon? What were we doing when we unchained this earth from its sun? Whither is it moving now? Whither are we moving? Away from all suns? Are we not plunging continually? Backward, sideward, forward, in all directions? Is. there still any up or down? Are we not straying as through an infinite nothing? Do we not feel the breath of empty space? Has it not become colder? Is not night continually closing in on us? Do we not need to light lanterns in the morning? Do we hear nothing as yet of the noise of the gravediggers who are burying God? Do we smell nothing as yet of the divine decomposition? Gods, too, decompose. God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him.
“How shall we comfort ourselves, the murderers of all murderers? What was holiest and mightiest of all that the world has yet owned has bled to death under our knives: who will wipe this blood off us? What water is there for us to clean ourselves? What festivals of atonement, what sacred games shall we have to invent? Is not the greatness of this deed too great for us? Must we ourselves not become gods simply to appear worthy of it? There has never been a greater deed; and whoever is born after us—for the sake of this deed he will belong to a higher history than all history hitherto.”
Here the madman fell silent and looked again at his listeners; and they, too, were silent and stared at him in astonishment. At last he threw his lantern on the ground, and it broke into pieces and went out. “I have come too early,” he said then; “my time is not yet. This tremendous event is still on its way, still wandering; it has not yet reached the ears of men. Lightning and thunder require time; the light of the stars requires time; deeds, though done, still require time to be seen and heard. This deed is still more distant from them than the most distant stars—and yet they have done it themselves.”


Frederick Nietzsche, The Gay Science, 125

"Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-incurred immaturity. Immaturity is the inability to use one’s own understanding without the guidance of another..."


Immanuel Kant,[An Answer to the Question: ‘What is Enlightenment?’],p1.

< ዘመናዊነት ማለት ከድሮው ባህልና አስተሳሰብ መነጠል ሳይሆን፣ እንዲያውም የድሮው ባህሎችና እሴቶች እንደገና እንዲያብቡ ማድረግ ነው >

Mesay Kebede, Survival and Modernization: Ethiopia's Enigmatic Present.1999,p..243-244

ውድ የዚህ ቻናል ተከታታዮች :

አንድ ውይይት የሚያጭር ሀሳብ እነሆ :
ነገረ መለኮታዊ ፍልስፍና (Theological Philosophy) የሚባል ነገር አለ ወይ? ... ካለም ከሌለም ማስረጃችሁ ምንድነው ? ...

በምዕራቡ ዓለም ፍልስፍናዊ ነገረ መለኮት (Philosophical Theology) የሚባል አለ ? ይሄስ መኖር ይችላል ወይ ? ... ካለም ከሌለም ማስረጃችሁ ምንድነው ?

ከሁለቱ መንገዶች የትኛው የተሻለ ነውስ ብላችሁ ታስባላችሁ ? ... ሀሳቡ ገዳቢ ሆኖ ከተሰማችሁ ከጠየቅኩት ወጣ ብሎ ጠይቆም መሟገት የተፈቀደ ነው ።

በሩ ለውይይት ክፍት ሆኗል ። መቀጠል ይቻላል ።

"ዘመናዊነት የሚደረስበት የታሪክ ደረጃና ቅደም ተከተል አይደለም። ይሄም ማለት ዘመናዊነት <<ዘመነ ትንሣኤ>> እና <<ዘመነ አብርሆት>> የሚባሉትን የታሪክ ምዕራፎች አልፈን የምንደርስበት የጋራ መድረሻ(Shared destination) ሳይሆን በየትኛውም የታሪክ ምዕራፍ ላይ ያሉ ህዝቦችን ሁሉ የሚያስተሳስር ዓለም አቀፍ ሐሳብ ወይም የጋራ ባህል(Shared Culture) ነው። ዘመናዊነት <<ዓለምአቀፍ ሐሳብ ነው>> ሲባል ህዝቦች በግድም ሆነ በውስጣዊ ትግል ይገቡበታል ለማለት ነው።"

ፕ/ር አንድሪያስ እሸቴ ስለ ዘመናዊነት,የፍልስፍና ትምህርት ቅጽ-1 የሰው ልጅ የሐሳብ ታሪክ

በዚህ የውይይት ክፍላችን ከዮሐንስ ሙሉጌታ ጋር በመሆን የአዲሱ አስተሳሰብ እንቅስቃሴን ምንነት ፣ ይዘት ፣ ፍልስፍናዊ መሠረት እና በኦርቶዶክሳዊ አስተምህሮ እሴቶች (Orthodox values) ላይ የሚያደርሰውን ዘመን ዘለቅ ጉዳት ለማጤን ሞክረናል።

1) የአዲሱ አስተሳሰብ እንቅስቃሴ ምንድር ነው?

2) ፍልስፍናዊና ርእዮተ ዓለማዊ መሠረቶቹ ምንድር ናቸው?

3) የዚህ እንቅስቃሴ መዛመት ለምን ይገደናል?

4) የአዲሱ አስተሳሰብ እንቅስቃሴ የመንፈሳዊነት መገለጫዎችና ኦርቶዶክሳዊ መንፈሳዊነት ምን እና ምን ናቸው?

5) መምህራን እየደገፉት መሆኑ ምን ይነግረናል?

ከላይ የተጠቀሱት ርእሰ ጉዳዮች በውይይቱ መጠነኛ ዳሰሳ ተደርጎባቸዋል ፣ ለወዳጆችዎ ያጋሩ።
https://youtu.be/2l_wtlQvHxs

"The society of positivity, from which negativity has disappeared, is a society of bare life, which is exclusively dominated by the concern to make sure of survival"

Byung-Chul Han, The Agony of Eros

Metaphysics and Faith
By christos yannaras
           Part 1
When we say today Metaphysics and faith to be mean or think about some thing different than the ideology?
this is his question to all of you very straight forward.
When we speak today about Metaphysics and faith do we mean something other than ideology or solely something ideological?
  an important thinker and theologian of our times metropolitan john Pergamon say today the ontology is replaced by psychology in our discussion we are not intersted or concerned about the question what really is truly is or what does it mean that something exists or it doesn't exist instead of requesting or searching for an answer to this question we are creating a sort of conviction in which we invest our own psychological needs and that's how we substitute really indeed in reality when in the psychological invest am i right?do you correct me?
  This question just to encourage us to begin our discussion because to it's meant to be a discussion let me add something else,also when we today say word faith if am not wrong i believe that the great majority of people understands assumes that faith is about individual convictions but the word faith in its initial meaning doesn't refer to that bad to trust.when i believe that means that i trust i am in confidence there fore trust means a relationship.If i trust somebody i have to know him i have to establish a communication with him.fortunately this meaning of faith still functioning in the market we say somebody has credit in the market that means that market or people from marke know this person and because they know him they have trust in him they know him.

So do you understand that such sunction of the word 'faith'?
  today is the opposite of the Concept of Confession as we today have it related to faith  faith as confession. so to belong to a certain Confession presupposes that i individually have choosen as i choose or elect that i trust or the newspaper that i read.that's how i choose grammaly my metaphysical convictions. so in culture of individual choices it is absolutely natural to have this plethora of church's that we encounter in the united States.endless number and such one them has the name church so the question that is emerges in the American society the question is whether Metaphysics is identity with ideology if that is the case then how can it be different from what we call in philosophy "Meaning of reality".Can you remember do you remember the famous phrase from Wittgenstein "The meaning of the world must be outside of the world".if the meaning of the world is to be found within the world then it would have the relativity of an accidental then meaning of the world.

ትርጉም

ዲበ አካል እና እምነት

በክሪስቶስ ያናራስ : ክፍል ፩

ዛሬ ዲበ አካል(የእውነታ ትርጉም) እና እምነትን ስናወራ ከአስተሳሰብ ለይተን የምናስባቸው ነውን ? ይሄ ቀጥታ ለሁላችሁም የጠየቀው ጥያቄ ነው ።

ዛሬ ላይ ስለዲበ አካል (የእውነታ ትርጉም) እና ስለእምነት ስናወራ አስተሳሰባዊ ርእዮት ወይም ስለርእዮታዊነት እያወራን ነውን ?

በእኛ ዘመን ያለ አንድ ድንቅ ተፈላሳፊ እና ነገረ መለኮት አዋቂ ሊቀ ጳጳስ ዮሐንስ ጴርጋሞን እንዲህ ይላል : " ዛሬ ላይ የማንነት ጥናት በሥነ ልቡና ጥናት ተተክቷል ። በጥያቄዎቻችንም ሆነ በውይይቶቻችን ውስጥ በእርግጥ እውነት ስለሆነው ነገር ወይም አንድ ነገር ሕልው ነው ወይስ አይደለም ብለን የምንጠይቅ አይደለንም ፤ ይልቁንም የራሳችንን ሥነ ልቡና ጥም እንዲያረካልን የሆነ የራሳችንን አቋም በመያዝ እንጠመዳለን ። እውነታውን በእውነት ከመፈለግ ይልቅ ለምንጠይቀው ጥያቄ የያዝነውን አቋም ልክ ነው ? ወይስ አይደለም ? በማለት እንወሰናለን ።

ይሄ ጥያቄ ውይይታችንን ለመክፈት ይረዳን ዘንድ ያነሳሁት ነው ። ሌላም እንዲሁ ልጨምር : " እምነት " የሚለው ቃል ዛሬ ላይ ካልተሳሳትኩ አብዝኃው ሰው የሚረዳው የግልን አቋም መያዝ አድርጎ ነው ። " እምነት " የሚለው ቃል ግን በራሱ ጥንታዊ ትርጉሙ ይህንን አያመለክትም ። እኔ አምናለሁ ማለት እኔ እተማመናለሁ(Trust) አደርጋለሁ እያልኩ ነው ፤ በዚህም መተማመን ግንኙነታዊ እንደሆነ ያሳያል ። እኔ አንድን ሰው ከተማመንኩት ያንን ሰው ማወቅ አለብኝ ፣ ከእርሱ ጋርም መግባባት አለብኝ ። ይህ የእምነት ትርጉም አሁንም ድረስ በንግድ ቦታ ይገኛል ። አንድ ሰው ገበያ ሄዶ በዱቤ የሚገዛው ነጋዴዎቹ ያንን ሰው ስለሚያምኑት ነው ። የሚያምኑት ደግሞ ስለሚግባቡት እና ስለሚያውቁት ነው ።

ስለዚህ አስተዋላችሁን ? ዛሬ የእምነት ትርጉም ምስክርነትን ከመስጠት በተቃራኒ ያለ ነው ። እምነትን እንደምስክርነት እንረዳዋለንና ። የሆነ ምስክርነትን መያዝ ማለት እኔ የማምነውን እመርጣለሁ ፣ የማነበውን ጋዜጣ እለያለሁ ማለት ነው ። በዚህ ነው እኔ የኔን ዲበ አካላዊ(የእውነታን ምንነት) አቋም የምመርጠው ። ስለዚህ ግለሰባዊ ምርጫ ባለበት የበዙ የቤተ ክርስቲያን አይነቶችን ባለንበት በአሜሪካ እንኳ ማግኘት ተፈጥሯዊ ነው ። ማኅልቅት የሌላቸው እልፍ አእላፍ የሆኑ ነገር ግን ቤተ ክርስቲያን የሚል ስም የያዙ ሊገኙ ችለዋል ። ስለዚህ ለዚህ አሜሪካ ማኅበረሰብ የምንጠይቀው ጥያቄ

: ዲበ አካል ማለት ከርእዮተ ዓለም ጋር አንድ መሆን ነውን ? ከሆነ በፍልስፍና ከምናውቀው " የእውነታ ምንነት " ጋር በምን ተለየ ?

ከ ዊትገንስታይን የተወሰደች ታዋቂዋን አባባል ታስታውሳላችሁን ? " የዓለም ትርጉሟ ከዓለም ውጪ መሆን አለበት ። " የዓለም ትርጉም በዓለም ውስጥ የሚገኝ ቢሆን ኖሮ ድንገታዊ የዓለም ትርጉም በአንጻራዊነት ሊነሳ ይችል ነበር ።