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Answers & Explanations

1. B

“Terrestrial” means land. No choice here offers a synonym for “marine,” e.g. nautical/naval/water/seagoing, and no other choices match either marine or terrestrial.

2. A

“Quagmire” means literally a bog or marsh, and figuratively an involved situation difficult to escape; entanglement is a synonym, more specifically similar than the other choices.

3. A

Longitudes are imaginary geographical lines running north and south. Latitudes run east and west. The other choices do not equal either latitude or longitude in direction.

4. C

Topography means the physical features of a land mass. It does not mean coastline (A), mountain range (B), or islands (D).

5. C

A peninsula is a piece of land connected to the mainland by an isthmus and projecting into the ocean such that it is surrounded on three sides by water. A peninsula is not a coast (A); it is not found inland (B); and it is not a border (D).

6. B

The passage was found near 50 degrees S latitude. Latitudes are measured horizontally, in relation to the equator or central imaginary line, equidistant between the North and South Poles. Longitudes are measured vertically. Greenwich (A), the location of zero degrees longitude, adopted as the global standard, is both incorrect and never named in the passage. Spain (C), Portugal (D), and Madrid (E) in Spain are also incorrect.

7. A

Meridians are imaginary geographical circles intersecting the poles. Imaginary lines parallel to the equator (B) are latitudes. The International Date Line is a specific meridian, not an area (C). It is not a land mass (D) as it crosses both water and land.
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The Expert Series on COVID-19 - Download PDF



OPINION

 

EDITORIAL

 EDITORIAL

Vaccine drive: On India's COVID-19 vaccine policy

DECEMBER 16, 2020 00:02 IST

UPDATED: DECEMBER 16, 2020 13:02 IST

Assurances of safety, efficacy and long-term follow-up are essential

Fine theories and good policies are often frustrated in their encounter with facts and implementation processes in the field. India’s COVID-19 vaccine policy, recently unveiled, must take care not to head that way, and make adequate allowances for ground realities that could render naught well-laid plans. With a definitive cure not yet available for COVID-19, vaccines present the world with the best strategy to slow the virus down in its tracks along with a measure of vested herd immunity, as SARS-CoV-2 rampages on. While it may not be the magic wand, vaccinating people will be the only known way of slowing the march of the virus, and every country, down to each county, must prepare for this massive exercise. As the U.K. and the U.S. began vaccinating their people, India has announced its plan and proposed line-up for COVID-19 vaccination, shortly after the Union Health Minister denied that the government had ever committed to COVID vaccination for all in the country. As per the government’s strategy, the vaccination is to be given first to health-care workers and then to people over the age of 50, with those over 60 given priority, based on the situation. This will amount to about 30 crore people. The voters’ list for the Lok Sabha and Assembly election polls has been set as the verifying document for the process. A new digital platform, Co-WIN, will be used for COVID-19 vaccination delivery, and about 1.54 lakh Auxiliary Nurse Midwives working on Universal Immunisation Programmes will be roped in as vaccinators, with more such field staff to be mobilised in collaboration with the States. Cold chain systems are to be strengthened across the country to deliver multiple doses.

As governments beef up the vaccination drive, they need to clear the fog on vaccine safety and efficacy among the people. With passing days, it will not be too much to expect from the government a detailed plan for vaccinating children and a break down of tasks down to the lowest governance rung, as counties in the U.S. have been doing. Unless the latter is done, a proper estimate of the true challenges of administering vaccines in the field will not be available, and being unprepared is a guarantee to coming undone. Vaccine hesitancy is a reality and the only way to counter that is to be open and honest about adverse effects and post-vaccination sequelae, if any, and make available relevant information in the public realm. In the past, in some States, vaccination programmes have suffered temporarily because of misinformation about adverse events following shots. In addition, in this case, long-term follow up of all who receive the vaccine is absolutely essential. For, therein lies the assurance that every one in the global line list is waiting for.
✊ ➡️ 🤲 Spiritual life 🙌

Buddhist monk and train station story.


In a train station in Korea, I saw two men fighting in public. A monk approached calmly, put his hand between the two men, and the two men stopped fighting. Just like that.

It’s not easy to mix joy and discipline. It’s not easy to feel prosperous when you have nothing. It’s not easy to stay true to our nature of serving the world. It’s not easy to stop guessing how others would react to our action.

There were a few circumstances in my life where I could fully forget fear and used love instead. Using a mindset that I’m simply doing a service. Focusing that I do what I do instead of fearing of other people’s reactions. It led me to a synchronicity of events!

We need to go within, find our inner magnificence, and let it shine outwards. When we do, we can be serious and joyful at the same time. And we can stay to our nature, our service to the world. When faced with love and fear, choose love.
English vocabulary


Nudge (verb) – prompt, encourage, coax, push; prod, poke, jab.

Bolster (verb) –  support, strengthen, boost, make stronger, reinforce.

Flag (verb) – draw attention to; mark out, indicate, identify, point out.

Legacy (noun) – footprint, achievement, feat, accomplishment; something happened in the past/something that is coming from the past.

Hard nosed (adjective) – tough-minded, realistic, pragmatic, practical.

Conundrum (noun) – problem, difficult question, vexed question, difficulty, dilemma.

Profound  (adjective) – great, deep, extreme, acute; complex, difficult.

Chaos (noun) – disorder, confusion, disarray, disorganization; disruption, confusion, havoc, furore, turmoil.

Extremist (noun) – fanatic, sectarian, radical, fundamentalist, militant, partisan, activist.

Fillip (noun) – stimulus, boost, encouragement, incentive, impetus, motivation; tonic, uplift, spur, goad, prod, push, prompt.

Articulate (verb) – express, communicate, state, make public, announce.

Signatory (noun) – the one (person/party/organisation/country) which signed an official document.

Scuttle (verb) – destroy, wreak, scrap, make something fail; make something to fail intentionally.

Resilience (noun)- toughness, ability to bounce back, strength, flexibility; ability to recover from tough time.

Innate (adjective) – inherent, intrinsic, natural, inborn; chronic, congenital.

Heed (verb) – pay attention to, take notice of, notice, take into account.

Ruling (noun) – decision, pronouncement, resolution, decree; judgement, verdict.

Context (noun) – circumstances, conditions, surroundings, situation, environment.

Aftermath (noun) – repercussions, after-effects, by-product;  consequences, effects.

Portent (verb) – omen, sign, indication, forecast, prediction.
Motivation stuff
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