SecureIAS Prelims : Secure IAS Official Channel of Secure IAS
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Q: Which of the following is not a major factor contributing to deforestation?

a) Expansion of agricultural land
b) Logging and timber extraction
c) Urbanization and infrastructure development
d) Afforestation and reforestation efforts
Answer: d) Afforestation and reforestation efforts

Brief Fact: Deforestation is primarily driven by the expansion of agricultural land, logging and timber extraction, and urbanization and infrastructure development. These activities lead to the clearing of forests, resulting in the loss of valuable ecosystems and biodiversity. Afforestation and reforestation efforts, on the other hand, involve planting trees and restoring forests, which help counteract deforestation to some extent. Such initiatives aim to increase forest cover and restore ecological balance. While afforestation and reforestation are essential for conservation efforts, they are not contributing factors to deforestation itself.
Q: Which of the following is a consequence of water degradation?

a) Increased water availability for human consumption
b) Improved aquatic biodiversity
c) Water pollution and contamination
d) Enhanced ecosystem resilience
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Answer: c) Water pollution and contamination

Brief Fact: Water degradation refers to the deterioration in the quality and availability of water resources. It is often caused by human activities such as industrial pollution, agricultural runoff, improper waste disposal, and over-extraction of groundwater. One of the significant consequences of water degradation is water pollution and contamination. Pollutants and contaminants can enter water bodies, making the water unsafe for human consumption and harming aquatic life. It poses risks to human health, disrupts ecosystems, and impacts biodiversity. Addressing water degradation requires sustainable water management practices, pollution control measures, and conservation efforts to ensure clean and accessible water sources for both humans and the environment.
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Q: Which of the following is a potential solution to combat desertification?

a) Increasing water-intensive agricultural practices
b) Implementing sustainable land management practices
c) Expanding urbanization and infrastructure development in desert areas
d) Encouraging deforestation in desert regions
Important Active volcanoes around the world:
1. Kilauea, Hawaii, United States
2. Stromboli, Italy
3. Mount Etna, Italy
4. Mount Yasur, Vanuatu
5. Mount Merapi, Indonesia
6. Mount Nyiragongo, Democratic Republic of Congo
7. Mount Rainier, Washington, United States
8. Mount Fuji, Japan
9. Mount Vesuvius, Italy
10. Popocatepetl, Mexico
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Question: Which of the following international discontinuities are correctly matched with their respective locations?
1. Durand Line
2. Oder-Neisse Line
3. 38th Parallel
4. Maginot Line
Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1, 3, and 4 only d) 1, 2, 3, and 4
1. Durand Line: It is the boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
2. Oder-Neisse Line: It is the post-World War II boundary between Germany and Poland.
3. 38th Parallel: It is the boundary between North Korea and South Korea.
4. Maginot Line: It was a defensive fortification line built by France along its border with Germany.
Therefore, the correct answer is option c) 1, 3, and 4 only.
Inflation

🌳Inflation is the rate of increase in prices over a given period of time. Inflation is typically a broad measure, such as the overall increase in prices or the increase in the cost of living in a country.
Deflation

🌳Deflation is the general decline of the price level of goods and services.

🌳Deflation is usually associated with a contraction in the supply of money and credit, but prices can also fall due to increased productivity and technological improvements.

🌳Whether the economy, price level, and money supply are deflating or inflating changes the appeal of different investment options.