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โ Dimitry Nakhla | Babylon Capitalยฎ
A sober valuation analysis on $ELV ๐ง๐ฝโโ๏ธ
โขNTM P/E Ratio: 12.90x
โข5-Year Mean: 14.04x
โขNTM FCF Yield: 6.15%
โข5-Year Mean: 6.90%
As you can see, $ELV appears to be trading somewhere near fair value
Going forward, investors can expect to receive ~9% MORE in earnings per share & ~12% LESS in FCF per share๐ง ***
Before we get into valuation, letโs take a look at why $ELV is a quality business
BALANCE SHEETโ
โขCash & Equivalents: $6.50B
โขTotal Investments: $37.15B
โขLong-Term Debt: $24.56B
$ELV has a strong balance sheet, an A S&P Credit Rating & 1.94x FFO Interest Coverage Ratio (temporarily lower FFO)
RETURN ON CAPITALโ
โข2019: 12.3%
โข2020: 14.7%
โข2021: 14.3%
โข2022: 13.4%
โข2023: 14.7%
โขLTM: 14.1%
RETURN ON EQUITYโ
โข2019: 16.0%
โข2020: 14.1%
โข2021: 17.7%
โข2022: 16.3%
โข2023: 15.8%
โขLTM: 16.6%
$ELV has solid return metrics, highlighting the financial efficiency of the business
REVENUESโ
โข2013: $71.02B
โข2023: $171.34B
โขCAGR: 9.20%
FREE CASH FLOWโ
โข2013: $2.41B
โข2023: $6.77B
โขCAGR: 10.88%
NORMALIZED EPSโ
โข2013: $8.52
โข2023: $33.14
โขCAGR: 14.54%
SHARE BUYBACKSโ
โข2013 Shares Outstanding: 303.80M
โขLTM Shares Outstanding: 234.95M
By reducing its shares outstanding ~22.6%, $ELV increases its EPS by ~29.1% (assuming 0 growth)
MARGINS๐
โขLTM Gross Margins: 9.4%
โขLTM Operating Margins: 6.1%
โขLTM Net Income Margins: 3.9%
PAID DIVIDENDSโ
โข2013: $1.50
โข2023: $5.92
โขCAGR: 14.71%
***NOW TO VALUATION ๐ง
As stated above, investors can expect to receive ~9% MORE in EPS & ~12% LESS in FCF per share
Using Benjamin Grahamโs 2G rule of thumb, $ELV has to grow earnings at a 6.45% CAGR over the next several years to justify its valuation
Today, analysts anticipate 2024 - 2026 EPS growth over the next few years to be greater than the (6.45%) required growth rate:
2024E: $37.26 (12.4% YoY) *FY Dec
2025E: $41.70 (11.9% YoY)
2026E: $46.96 (12.6% YoY)
$ELV has a great track record of meeting analyst estimates ~2 years out, so letโs assume $ELV ends 2026 with $46.96 in EPS & see its CAGR potential assuming different multiples
15x P/E: $704.40๐ต โฆ ~17.7% CAGR
14x P/E: $657.44๐ต โฆ ~14.2% CAGR
13x P/E: $610.48๐ต โฆ ~10.5% CAGR
12x P/E: $563.52๐ต โฆ ~6.7% CAGR
As you can see, $ELV has attractive CAGR potential if we assume a >13x multiple (below its 14.04x 5-year mean & below its 14.22x 10-year mean)
More importantly, 13x is MORE than reasonable for a business thatโs growing earnings at a >10% rate & has a strong history of linear earnings growth ( $ELV has increased EPS annually since 2008 ๐ฏ)
I also like the negative price correlation $ELV can have, relative to tech, in the short-term โฆ adding a layer of safety in a portfolio
In short, $ELV appears to be a worthwhile consideration at $500๐ต (pre-market price)
However, knowing that health insurers often face volatility amid the perception of political risks (among other things), itโs wise to piece in & perhaps add a second tranche at ~$460๐ต
#stocks #investing
___
๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐โผ๏ธ: ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ง๐ฏ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐๐๐ฏ๐ข๐๐. ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง ๐๐๐ฉ๐ข๐ญ๐๐ฅยฎ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐๐ฒ ๐ก๐๐ฏ๐ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ฌ๐๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐๐ฌ ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ๐๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ฐ๐๐๐ญ.
๐๐ก๐ ๐ข๐ง๐๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐๐ข๐ง๐๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ฐ๐๐๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐๐ง๐๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐ข๐ง๐๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ง๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ฎ๐๐ ๐๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐๐๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฆ๐๐๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐๐๐ข๐๐ข๐ ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐๐ฅ ๐จ๐ซ ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง. ๐๐๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐๐ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ ๐ ๐ฎ๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐ฌ.
๐๐ง๐๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐๐ข๐ง๐๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ฐ๐๐๐ญ ๐ก๐๐ฌ ๐๐๐๐ง ๐จ๐๐ญ๐๐ข๐ง๐๐ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐๐ฌ ๐๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ฏ๐๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ ๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐๐ฅ๐, ๐๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐ ๐ฎ๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ญ๐๐ง๐๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐๐ฒ.
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A sober valuation analysis on $ELV ๐ง๐ฝโโ๏ธ
โขNTM P/E Ratio: 12.90x
โข5-Year Mean: 14.04x
โขNTM FCF Yield: 6.15%
โข5-Year Mean: 6.90%
As you can see, $ELV appears to be trading somewhere near fair value
Going forward, investors can expect to receive ~9% MORE in earnings per share & ~12% LESS in FCF per share๐ง ***
Before we get into valuation, letโs take a look at why $ELV is a quality business
BALANCE SHEETโ
โขCash & Equivalents: $6.50B
โขTotal Investments: $37.15B
โขLong-Term Debt: $24.56B
$ELV has a strong balance sheet, an A S&P Credit Rating & 1.94x FFO Interest Coverage Ratio (temporarily lower FFO)
RETURN ON CAPITALโ
โข2019: 12.3%
โข2020: 14.7%
โข2021: 14.3%
โข2022: 13.4%
โข2023: 14.7%
โขLTM: 14.1%
RETURN ON EQUITYโ
โข2019: 16.0%
โข2020: 14.1%
โข2021: 17.7%
โข2022: 16.3%
โข2023: 15.8%
โขLTM: 16.6%
$ELV has solid return metrics, highlighting the financial efficiency of the business
REVENUESโ
โข2013: $71.02B
โข2023: $171.34B
โขCAGR: 9.20%
FREE CASH FLOWโ
โข2013: $2.41B
โข2023: $6.77B
โขCAGR: 10.88%
NORMALIZED EPSโ
โข2013: $8.52
โข2023: $33.14
โขCAGR: 14.54%
SHARE BUYBACKSโ
โข2013 Shares Outstanding: 303.80M
โขLTM Shares Outstanding: 234.95M
By reducing its shares outstanding ~22.6%, $ELV increases its EPS by ~29.1% (assuming 0 growth)
MARGINS๐
โขLTM Gross Margins: 9.4%
โขLTM Operating Margins: 6.1%
โขLTM Net Income Margins: 3.9%
PAID DIVIDENDSโ
โข2013: $1.50
โข2023: $5.92
โขCAGR: 14.71%
***NOW TO VALUATION ๐ง
As stated above, investors can expect to receive ~9% MORE in EPS & ~12% LESS in FCF per share
Using Benjamin Grahamโs 2G rule of thumb, $ELV has to grow earnings at a 6.45% CAGR over the next several years to justify its valuation
Today, analysts anticipate 2024 - 2026 EPS growth over the next few years to be greater than the (6.45%) required growth rate:
2024E: $37.26 (12.4% YoY) *FY Dec
2025E: $41.70 (11.9% YoY)
2026E: $46.96 (12.6% YoY)
$ELV has a great track record of meeting analyst estimates ~2 years out, so letโs assume $ELV ends 2026 with $46.96 in EPS & see its CAGR potential assuming different multiples
15x P/E: $704.40๐ต โฆ ~17.7% CAGR
14x P/E: $657.44๐ต โฆ ~14.2% CAGR
13x P/E: $610.48๐ต โฆ ~10.5% CAGR
12x P/E: $563.52๐ต โฆ ~6.7% CAGR
As you can see, $ELV has attractive CAGR potential if we assume a >13x multiple (below its 14.04x 5-year mean & below its 14.22x 10-year mean)
More importantly, 13x is MORE than reasonable for a business thatโs growing earnings at a >10% rate & has a strong history of linear earnings growth ( $ELV has increased EPS annually since 2008 ๐ฏ)
I also like the negative price correlation $ELV can have, relative to tech, in the short-term โฆ adding a layer of safety in a portfolio
In short, $ELV appears to be a worthwhile consideration at $500๐ต (pre-market price)
However, knowing that health insurers often face volatility amid the perception of political risks (among other things), itโs wise to piece in & perhaps add a second tranche at ~$460๐ต
#stocks #investing
___
๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐โผ๏ธ: ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ง๐ฏ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐๐๐ฏ๐ข๐๐. ๐๐๐๐ฒ๐ฅ๐จ๐ง ๐๐๐ฉ๐ข๐ญ๐๐ฅยฎ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐๐ฒ ๐ก๐๐ฏ๐ ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ฌ๐๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐๐ฌ ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ๐๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ฐ๐๐๐ญ.
๐๐ก๐ ๐ข๐ง๐๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐๐ข๐ง๐๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ฐ๐๐๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐ญ๐๐ง๐๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐ข๐ง๐๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ฉ๐จ๐ฌ๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ง๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ง๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ฎ๐๐ ๐๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง๐ฏ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐๐๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ฆ๐๐๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐๐๐ข๐๐ข๐ ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง๐ฒ ๐ข๐ง๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐๐ฅ ๐จ๐ซ ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง. ๐๐๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐๐ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ ๐ ๐ฎ๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ฌ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ญ๐ฌ.
๐๐ง๐๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐๐จ๐ง๐ญ๐๐ข๐ง๐๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ฐ๐๐๐ญ ๐ก๐๐ฌ ๐๐๐๐ง ๐จ๐๐ญ๐๐ข๐ง๐๐ ๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ ๐ฌ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐๐ฌ ๐๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ฏ๐๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ ๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐๐๐ฅ๐, ๐๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ง๐จ๐ญ ๐ ๐ฎ๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ญ๐๐ง๐๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐จ๐ซ ๐๐๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐๐ฒ.
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Offshore
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โ Stock Analysis Compilation
Third Point on Apple $AAPL US
Thesis: Apple's unmatched app ecosystem and upcoming AI capabilities could unlock a new growth cycle, making it a must-watch for investors anticipating major AI-driven revenue boosts.
(Extract from their Q2 letter) https://t.co/i4hwEkU1pz
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Third Point on Apple $AAPL US
Thesis: Apple's unmatched app ecosystem and upcoming AI capabilities could unlock a new growth cycle, making it a must-watch for investors anticipating major AI-driven revenue boosts.
(Extract from their Q2 letter) https://t.co/i4hwEkU1pz
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โ Ahmad Jivraj
Joel Greenblatt, Columbia Business School prof returned 40% per year for 20 years...$1000 became $836,683.
Here are 4 ways he said you can beat the market:
1๏ธโฃ A Focus on Small Caps. There is less analyst coverage so less information flow. Small caps have more opportunity to find mis-priced stocks.
2๏ธโฃ Activist Investing: Can generate alpha but not worth the pain, he says.
3๏ธโฃ Special situations: Another less efficient area of the market.
4๏ธโฃ Superior knowledge in an industry. This one's my favorite. Anyone can do this one.
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Joel Greenblatt, Columbia Business School prof returned 40% per year for 20 years...$1000 became $836,683.
Here are 4 ways he said you can beat the market:
1๏ธโฃ A Focus on Small Caps. There is less analyst coverage so less information flow. Small caps have more opportunity to find mis-priced stocks.
2๏ธโฃ Activist Investing: Can generate alpha but not worth the pain, he says.
3๏ธโฃ Special situations: Another less efficient area of the market.
4๏ธโฃ Superior knowledge in an industry. This one's my favorite. Anyone can do this one.
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Offshore
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โ Librarian Capital
Smithson $SSON exited TechnologyOne $TNE in Sep
"Unsustainably high rating" after "strong performance"
New position in MonotaRO, Japanese "online industrial products distributor"
NAV -0.5% in Sep-24 (ยฃ)
NAV now +1.8% YTD vs. MSCI World SMID +6.9%
$FEVR among top Sep detractors https://t.co/w4IVvZa3GR
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Smithson $SSON exited TechnologyOne $TNE in Sep
"Unsustainably high rating" after "strong performance"
New position in MonotaRO, Japanese "online industrial products distributor"
NAV -0.5% in Sep-24 (ยฃ)
NAV now +1.8% YTD vs. MSCI World SMID +6.9%
$FEVR among top Sep detractors https://t.co/w4IVvZa3GR
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โ Investing visuals
Tesla $TSLA deliveries are out๐
๐น 462,890 vs. est. 463,897 (up +6%, slight miss)
๐นStock is down -6% on the news
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Tesla $TSLA deliveries are out๐
๐น 462,890 vs. est. 463,897 (up +6%, slight miss)
๐นStock is down -6% on the news
Tesla $TSLA is reporting quarterly delivery numbers on Tuesday. A quick preview:
๐นExpected deliveries of 465k, up 7% y/y
๐นDeliveries increased by 9% in March and 5% in June https://t.co/ZeQFZ9PlIh - Investing visualstweet
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โ Alex Bilzerian
RT @RDouady: Thank you, Alex, for posting this paper.
It was an answer to questions from Riskdata's clients on whether to use "normal" or "lognormal" (so-called "market model") models for interest rates.
Quants, especially on the sell-side for option pricing, tend to select models purely on their capabilities: "Do they handle negative rates?" Indeed, the question arose after 2008 crisis, when rates fell to almost 0, and at times, passed the negative barrier. How to price a floor at 0% with a "market model"?
They just forgot that a model is supposed to reflect the reality of some behavior. As such, they must respect certain stylized facts of the statistics of underlying.
The question is not so much "do we allow negative rates". Of course, we have no choice, rates do become negative, and we must be able to price a 0% floor. But then, what happens when they rise back?
It wasn't by chance that lognormal models were called "market model". So, I went on checking the relationship between the level of rates and their volatility to see what the most appropriate model was.
The conclusion is just what we could have expected: for low rates (even slightly negative), a normal model is better, but as soon as they pass a certain level of a few percents on the positive side, the volatility becomes proportional to the rate level (even more so for credit spreads, by the way).
This is why I propose a simple remedy using a shifted zero, i.e. a lognormal model in which the volatility is proportional to the rate + a margin to handle negative rates up to minus the margin.
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RT @RDouady: Thank you, Alex, for posting this paper.
It was an answer to questions from Riskdata's clients on whether to use "normal" or "lognormal" (so-called "market model") models for interest rates.
Quants, especially on the sell-side for option pricing, tend to select models purely on their capabilities: "Do they handle negative rates?" Indeed, the question arose after 2008 crisis, when rates fell to almost 0, and at times, passed the negative barrier. How to price a floor at 0% with a "market model"?
They just forgot that a model is supposed to reflect the reality of some behavior. As such, they must respect certain stylized facts of the statistics of underlying.
The question is not so much "do we allow negative rates". Of course, we have no choice, rates do become negative, and we must be able to price a 0% floor. But then, what happens when they rise back?
It wasn't by chance that lognormal models were called "market model". So, I went on checking the relationship between the level of rates and their volatility to see what the most appropriate model was.
The conclusion is just what we could have expected: for low rates (even slightly negative), a normal model is better, but as soon as they pass a certain level of a few percents on the positive side, the volatility becomes proportional to the rate level (even more so for credit spreads, by the way).
This is why I propose a simple remedy using a shifted zero, i.e. a lognormal model in which the volatility is proportional to the rate + a margin to handle negative rates up to minus the margin.
'The Volatility of Low Rates' - @RDouady (2013, PDF):
https://t.co/uYzm106fOT - Alex Bilzeriantweet
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โ Librarian Capital
It's been ~1 year since Diageo's $DGE Scotch day*
Scotch had value CAGR of ~5% in 2016-21, ahead of TBA
Since then Diageo had reported Scotch organic net sales of +29% in FY22, +12% in FY23, -10% in FY24
* Jun-23; section on LAC growth was unfortunate given later events https://t.co/6JNFTxEDak
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It's been ~1 year since Diageo's $DGE Scotch day*
Scotch had value CAGR of ~5% in 2016-21, ahead of TBA
Since then Diageo had reported Scotch organic net sales of +29% in FY22, +12% in FY23, -10% in FY24
* Jun-23; section on LAC growth was unfortunate given later events https://t.co/6JNFTxEDak
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โ Stock Analysis Compilation
Hedge funds' best ideas #12 is in your inbox ๐ฅ
(link below)
Artemis / Artisan Partners / Bilbel Capital / Harding Loevner / Harris Associates / Hayden Capital / Horizon Kinetics / Impact AM / Langdon / Madison Funds / Marlton Partners / Orbis / Patient Capital Management / Pender Fund / Perritt Capital / River Oaks Capital / Rowan Street / RS Investments / Silver Beech / Southernsun / The London Company
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Hedge funds' best ideas #12 is in your inbox ๐ฅ
(link below)
Artemis / Artisan Partners / Bilbel Capital / Harding Loevner / Harris Associates / Hayden Capital / Horizon Kinetics / Impact AM / Langdon / Madison Funds / Marlton Partners / Orbis / Patient Capital Management / Pender Fund / Perritt Capital / River Oaks Capital / Rowan Street / RS Investments / Silver Beech / Southernsun / The London Company
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