Inertia.js serves as a bridge between Laravel backends and JavaScript frontends (React/Vue), enabling single-page applications without complex API management. It allows teams to split work effectively - backend developers focus on Laravel logic while frontend developers handle client-side code. Key features include deferred props for performance optimization and history encryption for security. The framework maintains separation between backend and frontend concerns while providing seamless communication, making it ideal for developers who want Laravel's power with modern JavaScript frameworks.