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Ludovica Bizzaglia: 25-year-old Italian actress develops pericarditis days after second Moderna mRNA injection, would do it again โ€œa million timesโ€
The COVID Blog (RSS)

TheCOVIDBlog.com September 16, 2021 ROME โ€” A 25-year-old Italian actress and Instagram influencer missed the 78th Venice International Film Festival and cut her vacation short after post-injection heart issues. Ms. Ludovica Bizzaglia received her second Moderna mRNA injection on August 5, according to a video posted on Instagram. She was
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โ€ŠThe Irish Git (Telegram)

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanmic/article/PIIS2666-5247(21)00069-0/fulltext?s=09

Vaccine efficacy is generally reported as a relative risk reduction (RRR). It uses the relative risk (RR)โ€”ie, the ratio of attack rates with and without a vaccineโ€”which is expressed as 1โ€“RR. Ranking by reported efficacy gives relative risk reductions of :

95% for the Pfizerโ€“BioNTech,
94% for the Modernaโ€“NIH,
91% for the Gamaleya,
67% for the J&J, and
67% for the AstraZenecaโ€“Oxford vaccines.


However, RRR should be seen against the background risk of being infected and becoming ill with COVID-19, which varies between populations and over time.

Although the RRR considers only participants who could benefit from the vaccine, the *absolute risk reduction* (ARR), which is the difference between attack rates with and without a vaccine, considers the whole population.

ARRs tend to be ignored because they give a much less impressive effect size than RRRs:

1.3% for the AstraZenecaโ€“Oxford,
1.2% for the Modernaโ€“NIH,
1.2% for the J&J,
0.93% for the Gamaleya, and
0.84% for the Pfizerโ€“BioNTech vaccines
.