The Dângrêk Mountains, associated with the dispute, lie along the border of:
A. Cambodia–Vietnam
B. Thailand–Laos
C. Thailand–Cambodia
D. Laos–Vietnam
A. Cambodia–Vietnam
B. Thailand–Laos
C. Thailand–Cambodia
D. Laos–Vietnam
Upsc asked this in 2023 also disputed areas to fabs h uska ab to resolved ho gya h disputed areas fir to puchna banta h
Ye image Consumer Price Index (CPI) ke baare mein hai, jo basically ye batata hai ki inflation (mehangai) aam aadmi ki jeb par kitna asar daal rahi hai.
Iska aasaan breakdown yahan hai:
### 1. CPI Kya Hai?
* Definition: CPI measure karta hai un cheezon ke average prices jo ek household rozana use karta hai (jaise khana, kapde, housing).
* Formula:
* Basket Shares: Image ke pie chart mein dikhaya gaya hai ki sabse zyada kharcha Food & Beverages (45.86%) par hota hai, uske baad Miscellaneous (28.32%) aur Housing (10.07%) ka number aata hai.
### 2. Types of CPI in India
India mein alag-alag groups ke liye alag indices hote hain:
| Type of CPI | Kiske liye hai? | Kaun banata hai? | Base Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPI (Combined) | National level par inflation track karne ke liye. RBI isse hi policy banata hai. | NSO | 2012 |
| CPI (Industrial Workers) | Govt employees ki Dearness Allowance (DA) calculate karne ke liye. | Labour Bureau | 2016 |
| CPI (Agricultural/Rural Labourers) | Khetibadi karne walon ki minimum wages set karne ke liye. | Labour Bureau | 1986-87 |
### 3. CPI vs. WPI (Wholesale Price Index)
* Level: WPI wholesale level par price dekhta hai, jabki CPI retail level (consumers) par.
* Focus: CPI mein Food ka weightage zyada hota hai, lekin WPI mein Fuel ka weightage zyada hota hai.
### 4. Inflation ke Types
* Headline Inflation: Ismein basket ki saari cheezein include hoti hain, even volatile cheezein jaise food aur fuel.
* Core Inflation: Ismein se Food aur Fuel ko nikaal diya jaata hai kyunki inke daam bahut jaldi upar-neeche hote rehte hain. Isse economy ka asli trend pata chalta hai.
* Super Core Inflation: Ismein Food aur Fuel ke saath-saath Housing ko bhi exclude kar dete hain.
Simple words mein, CPI humein batata hai ki pichle saal ke muqable is saal hamari "thali" aur "rehen-sehen" kitni mehangai hui hai.
Iska aasaan breakdown yahan hai:
### 1. CPI Kya Hai?
* Definition: CPI measure karta hai un cheezon ke average prices jo ek household rozana use karta hai (jaise khana, kapde, housing).
* Formula:
* Basket Shares: Image ke pie chart mein dikhaya gaya hai ki sabse zyada kharcha Food & Beverages (45.86%) par hota hai, uske baad Miscellaneous (28.32%) aur Housing (10.07%) ka number aata hai.
### 2. Types of CPI in India
India mein alag-alag groups ke liye alag indices hote hain:
| Type of CPI | Kiske liye hai? | Kaun banata hai? | Base Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPI (Combined) | National level par inflation track karne ke liye. RBI isse hi policy banata hai. | NSO | 2012 |
| CPI (Industrial Workers) | Govt employees ki Dearness Allowance (DA) calculate karne ke liye. | Labour Bureau | 2016 |
| CPI (Agricultural/Rural Labourers) | Khetibadi karne walon ki minimum wages set karne ke liye. | Labour Bureau | 1986-87 |
### 3. CPI vs. WPI (Wholesale Price Index)
* Level: WPI wholesale level par price dekhta hai, jabki CPI retail level (consumers) par.
* Focus: CPI mein Food ka weightage zyada hota hai, lekin WPI mein Fuel ka weightage zyada hota hai.
### 4. Inflation ke Types
* Headline Inflation: Ismein basket ki saari cheezein include hoti hain, even volatile cheezein jaise food aur fuel.
* Core Inflation: Ismein se Food aur Fuel ko nikaal diya jaata hai kyunki inke daam bahut jaldi upar-neeche hote rehte hain. Isse economy ka asli trend pata chalta hai.
* Super Core Inflation: Ismein Food aur Fuel ke saath-saath Housing ko bhi exclude kar dete hain.
Simple words mein, CPI humein batata hai ki pichle saal ke muqable is saal hamari "thali" aur "rehen-sehen" kitni mehangai hui hai.
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Reverse UPSC
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Agar chatgpt ka subscription mil jaye to full current affairs ham log Hinglish me pad lenge
Reverse UPSC
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FDI Kya Hai? (What is FDI?)
Jab koi videshi company ya insaan kisi doosre desh ke business mein investment karta hai taaki usse control ya lasting interest mile, toh usse FDI kehte hain.
India ke context mein: Agar koi foreign entity kisi unlisted Indian company mein invest kare, ya fir kisi listed company ka 10% ya usse zyada equity khareede, toh woh FDI kehlata hai.
FPI vs FDI: FDI sirf stock khareedna nahi hai (woh Portfolio Investment hota hai); FDI ka maqsad management aur control mein hissa lena hota hai.
FDI ke Raste (FDI Routes)
India mein paise invest karne ke do main raste hain:
Automatic Route: Isme Government ya RBI ki pehle se permission lene ki zaroorat nahi hoti.
Government Route: Isme pehle Government se approval lena padta hai. Pehle iske liye FIPB board tha, par ab alag-alag ministries khud check karti hain.
Kahan FDI Prohibited (Ban) Hai?
Kuch aise sectors hain jahan foreign paisa lagana sakht mana hai:
Lottery, Gambling aur Betting (Casinos wagera).
Chit Funds aur Nidhi Companies.
TDRs mein trading (Transferable Development Rights).
Real Estate ya Farmhouse construction (Lekin dhyan rahe: Townships aur roads banane mein allow hai).
Tobacco (Cigarettes aur cigars ki manufacturing).
Atomic Energy aur Railway Operations (Limited areas).
Current Trends aur Data (Important Facts)
Recent News: RBI ke mutabiq, FY 2024-25 mein net FDI kaafi zyada gir gaya hai ($353 million), jo pichle saal $10.1 billion tha.
Top Investors: Sabse zyada paisa Singapore se aata hai, uske baad Mauritius aur U.S. ka number hai.
Top Sectors: Sabse zyada investment Services sector aur Software & Hardware mein hota hai.
Top States: India mein Maharashtra sabse zyada FDI attract karta hai, uske baad Karnataka aur Delhi aate hain.
Kuch Khaas Points (Extra Highlights)
Insurance Sector: Naye rules (Sabka Bima Sabka Raksha Act, 2025) ke hisaab se ab insurance companies mein 100% FDI allowed hai (pehle sirf 74% tha).
DFIs (Development Financial Institutions): India mein pehla DFI IFC (1948) tha. IDBI, ICICI aur NABARD jaise bade naam isi category mein aate hain jo desh ke vikas ke liye bade loans dete hain.
Saaf shabdon mein kahein toh, FDI desh mein sirf paisa nahi, balki nayi technology aur jobs bhi lata hai, isiliye government ise promote karti hai.
Kya aapko kisi specific sector (jaise Insurance ya Real Estate) ke rules ke baare mein aur jaan-na hai?
Jab koi videshi company ya insaan kisi doosre desh ke business mein investment karta hai taaki usse control ya lasting interest mile, toh usse FDI kehte hain.
India ke context mein: Agar koi foreign entity kisi unlisted Indian company mein invest kare, ya fir kisi listed company ka 10% ya usse zyada equity khareede, toh woh FDI kehlata hai.
FPI vs FDI: FDI sirf stock khareedna nahi hai (woh Portfolio Investment hota hai); FDI ka maqsad management aur control mein hissa lena hota hai.
FDI ke Raste (FDI Routes)
India mein paise invest karne ke do main raste hain:
Automatic Route: Isme Government ya RBI ki pehle se permission lene ki zaroorat nahi hoti.
Government Route: Isme pehle Government se approval lena padta hai. Pehle iske liye FIPB board tha, par ab alag-alag ministries khud check karti hain.
Kahan FDI Prohibited (Ban) Hai?
Kuch aise sectors hain jahan foreign paisa lagana sakht mana hai:
Lottery, Gambling aur Betting (Casinos wagera).
Chit Funds aur Nidhi Companies.
TDRs mein trading (Transferable Development Rights).
Real Estate ya Farmhouse construction (Lekin dhyan rahe: Townships aur roads banane mein allow hai).
Tobacco (Cigarettes aur cigars ki manufacturing).
Atomic Energy aur Railway Operations (Limited areas).
Current Trends aur Data (Important Facts)
Recent News: RBI ke mutabiq, FY 2024-25 mein net FDI kaafi zyada gir gaya hai ($353 million), jo pichle saal $10.1 billion tha.
Top Investors: Sabse zyada paisa Singapore se aata hai, uske baad Mauritius aur U.S. ka number hai.
Top Sectors: Sabse zyada investment Services sector aur Software & Hardware mein hota hai.
Top States: India mein Maharashtra sabse zyada FDI attract karta hai, uske baad Karnataka aur Delhi aate hain.
Kuch Khaas Points (Extra Highlights)
Insurance Sector: Naye rules (Sabka Bima Sabka Raksha Act, 2025) ke hisaab se ab insurance companies mein 100% FDI allowed hai (pehle sirf 74% tha).
DFIs (Development Financial Institutions): India mein pehla DFI IFC (1948) tha. IDBI, ICICI aur NABARD jaise bade naam isi category mein aate hain jo desh ke vikas ke liye bade loans dete hain.
Saaf shabdon mein kahein toh, FDI desh mein sirf paisa nahi, balki nayi technology aur jobs bhi lata hai, isiliye government ise promote karti hai.
Kya aapko kisi specific sector (jaise Insurance ya Real Estate) ke rules ke baare mein aur jaan-na hai?
❤6
Reverse UPSC
FDI Kya Hai? (What is FDI?) Jab koi videshi company ya insaan kisi doosre desh ke business mein investment karta hai taaki usse control ya lasting interest mile, toh usse FDI kehte hain. India ke context mein: Agar koi foreign entity kisi unlisted Indian company…
YE hinglish explainatio kaisa laga ?
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