Excel vs SQL vs Python (pandas):

1️⃣ Filtering Data
↳ Excel: =FILTER(A2:D100, B2:B100>50) (Excel 365 users)
↳ SQL: SELECT * FROM table WHERE column > 50;
↳ Python: df_filtered = df[df['column'] > 50]

2️⃣ Sorting Data
↳ Excel: Data → Sort (or =SORT(A2:A100, 1, TRUE))
↳ SQL: SELECT * FROM table ORDER BY column ASC;
↳ Python: df_sorted = df.sort_values(by="column")

3️⃣ Counting Rows
↳ Excel: =COUNTA(A:A)
↳ SQL: SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table;
↳ Python: row_count = len(df)

4️⃣ Removing Duplicates
↳ Excel: Data → Remove Duplicates
↳ SQL: SELECT DISTINCT * FROM table;
↳ Python: df_unique = df.drop_duplicates()

5️⃣ Joining Tables
↳ Excel: Power Query → Merge Queries (or VLOOKUP/XLOOKUP)
↳ SQL: SELECT * FROM table1 JOIN table2 ON table1.id = table2.id;
↳ Python: df_merged = pd.merge(df1, df2, on="id")

6️⃣ Ranking Data
↳ Excel: =RANK.EQ(A2, $A$2:$A$100)
↳ SQL: SELECT column, RANK() OVER (ORDER BY column DESC) AS rank FROM table;
↳ Python: df["rank"] = df["column"].rank(method="min", ascending=False)

7️⃣ Moving Average Calculation
↳ Excel: =AVERAGE(B2:B4) (manually for rolling window)
↳ SQL: SELECT date, AVG(value) OVER (ORDER BY date ROWS BETWEEN 2 PRECEDING AND CURRENT ROW) AS moving_avg FROM table;
↳ Python: df["moving_avg"] = df["value"].rolling(window=3).mean()

8️⃣ Running Total
↳ Excel: =SUM($B$2:B2) (drag down)
↳ SQL: SELECT date, SUM(value) OVER (ORDER BY date) AS running_total FROM table;
↳ Python: df["running_total"] = df["value"].cumsum()

𝗧𝗼𝗽 𝗣𝘆𝘁𝗵𝗼𝗻 𝗜𝗻𝘁𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗶𝗲𝘄 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟱 — 𝗥𝗲𝗰𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗹𝘆 𝗔𝘀𝗸𝗲𝗱 𝗯𝘆 𝗠𝗡𝗖𝘀😍

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Deloitte Recent Data Analyst Interview Questions Part-1

Deloitte Recent Data Analyst Interview Questions Part-2

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𝐖𝐡𝐲 𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐭 & 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐒𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭 𝐒𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐥𝐝 𝐌𝐚𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐏𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐬

When it comes to data analysis and machine learning, Pandas is non-negotiable. It’s the 𝐟𝐨𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐦𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐧 𝐏𝐲𝐭𝐡𝐨𝐧, turning messy datasets into meaningful insights — and that’s exactly what makes it a 𝐠𝐚𝐦𝐞-𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫 in real-world projects.

Recently, I explored an in-depth guide on 𝐏𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐬 𝐟𝐫𝐨𝐦 𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐭𝐨 𝐀𝐝𝐯𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞𝐝, and here’s what stood out:-

- Use len() to analyze string data (e.g., name lengths in the Titanic dataset).
- Create pivot tables for grouped insights (like finding top batting averages per team).
- Simplify categories (e.g., replacing “male”/“female” with “M”/“F”).
- Merge and join datasets seamlessly, even with missing values.

𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐞’𝐬 𝐰𝐡𝐲 𝐏𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐬 𝐢𝐬 𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐢𝐧 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 & 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐒𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞:

- 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐂𝐥𝐞𝐚𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠:- Handle missing values, duplicates, and inconsistent formats.
- 𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐨𝐫𝐲 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬 (𝐄𝐃𝐀):- Quickly summarize patterns and anomalies.
- 𝐅𝐞𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐄𝐧𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐧𝐠:- Create meaningful features to improve model performance.
- 𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧:- Combine multiple data sources with ease.
- 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐒𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐒𝐮𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭:- Ideal for forecasting and trend analysis.

In short — 𝐏𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐬 𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐬 𝐫𝐚𝐰 𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐢𝐧𝐭𝐨 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐚𝐛𝐥𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐬𝐢𝐠𝐡𝐭𝐬.

If you’re learning Python for ML or analytics, make Pandas your priority.

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Essential Pandas Functions for Data Analysis

Data Loading:

pd.read_csv() - Load data from a CSV file.

pd.read_excel() - Load data from an Excel file.


Data Inspection:

df.head(n) - View the first n rows.

df.info() - Get a summary of the dataset.

df.describe() - Generate summary statistics.


Data Manipulation:

df.drop(columns=['col1', 'col2']) - Remove specific columns.

df.rename(columns={'old_name': 'new_name'}) - Rename columns.

df['col'] = df['col'].apply(func) - Apply a function to a column.


Filtering and Sorting:

df[df['col'] > value] - Filter rows based on a condition.

df.sort_values(by='col', ascending=True) - Sort rows by a column.


Aggregation:

df.groupby('col').sum() - Group data and compute the sum.

df['col'].value_counts() - Count unique values in a column.


Merging and Joining:

pd.merge(df1, df2, on='key') - Merge two DataFrames.

pd.concat([df1, df2]) - Concatenate

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Python is a popular programming language in the field of data analysis due to its versatility, ease of use, and extensive libraries for data manipulation, visualization, and analysis. Here are some key Python skills that are important for data analysts:

1. Basic Python Programming: Understanding basic Python syntax, data types, control structures, functions, and object-oriented programming concepts is essential for data analysis in Python.

2. NumPy: NumPy is a fundamental package for scientific computing in Python. It provides support for large multidimensional arrays and matrices, along with a collection of mathematical functions to operate on these arrays.

3. Pandas: Pandas is a powerful library for data manipulation and analysis in Python. It provides data structures like DataFrames and Series that make it easy to work with structured data and perform tasks such as filtering, grouping, joining, and reshaping data.

4. Matplotlib and Seaborn: Matplotlib is a versatile library for creating static, interactive, and animated visualizations in Python. Seaborn is built on top of Matplotlib and provides a higher-level interface for creating attractive statistical graphics.

5. Scikit-learn: Scikit-learn is a popular machine learning library in Python that provides tools for building predictive models, performing clustering and classification tasks, and evaluating model performance.

6. Jupyter Notebooks: Jupyter Notebooks are an interactive computing environment that allows you to create and share documents containing live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text. They are commonly used by data analysts for exploratory data analysis and sharing insights.

7. SQLAlchemy: SQLAlchemy is a Python SQL toolkit and Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) library that provides a high-level interface for interacting with relational databases using Python.

8. Regular Expressions: Regular expressions (regex) are powerful tools for pattern matching and text processing in Python. They are useful for extracting specific information from text data or performing data cleaning tasks.

9. Data Visualization Libraries: In addition to Matplotlib and Seaborn, data analysts may also use other visualization libraries like Plotly, Bokeh, or Altair to create interactive visualizations in Python.

10. Web Scraping: Knowledge of web scraping techniques using libraries like BeautifulSoup or Scrapy can be useful for collecting data from websites for analysis.

By mastering these Python skills and applying them to real-world data analysis projects, you can enhance your proficiency as a data analyst and unlock new opportunities in the field.

𝟱 𝗙𝗿𝗲𝗲 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗔𝗻𝗮𝗹𝘆𝘁𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝘂𝗿𝘀𝗲𝘀 𝘁𝗼 𝗦𝗸𝘆𝗿𝗼𝗰𝗸𝗲𝘁 𝗬𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗖𝗮𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟱😍

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Data Analyst INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
👇👇

1.Can you name the wildcards in Excel?

Ans: There are 3 wildcards in Excel that can ve used in formulas.

Asterisk (*) – 0 or more characters. For example, Ex* could mean Excel, Extra, Expertise, etc.

Question mark (?) – Represents any 1 character. For example, R?ain may mean Rain or Ruin.

Tilde (~) – Used to identify a wildcard character (~, *, ?). For example, If you need to find the exact phrase India* in a list. If you use India* as the search string, you may get any word with India at the beginning followed by different characters (such as Indian, Indiana). If you have to look for India” exclusively, use ~.

Hence, the search string will be india~*. ~ is used to ensure that the spreadsheet reads the following character as is, and not as a wildcard.


2.What is cascading filter in tableau?

Ans: Cascading filters can also be understood as giving preference to a particular filter and then applying other filters on previously filtered data source. Right-click on the filter you want to use as a main filter and make sure it is set as all values in dashboard then select the subsequent filter and select only relevant values to cascade the filters. This will improve the performance of the dashboard as you have decreased the time wasted in running all the filters over complete data source.


3.What is the difference between .twb and .twbx extension?

Ans:
A .twb file contains information on all the sheets, dashboards and stories, but it won’t contain any information regarding data source. Whereas .twbx file contains all the sheets, dashboards, stories and also compressed data sources. For saving a .twbx extract needs to be performed on the data source. If we forward .twb file to someone else than they will be able to see the worksheets and dashboards but won’t be able to look into the dataset.


4.What are the various Power BI versions?

Power BI Premium capacity-based license, for example, allows users with a free license to act on content in workspaces with Premium capacity. A user with a free license can only use the Power BI service to connect to data and produce reports and dashboards in My Workspace outside of Premium capacity. They are unable to exchange material or publish it in other workspaces. To process material, a Power BI license with a free or Pro per-user license only uses a shared and restricted capacity. Users with a Power BI Pro license can only work with other Power BI Pro users if the material is stored in that shared capacity. They may consume user-generated information, post material to app workspaces, share dashboards, and subscribe to dashboards and reports. Pro users can share material with users who don’t have a Power BI Pro subscription while workspaces are at Premium capacity.

ENJOY LEARNING 👍👍

Exploratory Data Analysis ( EDA)

Python for Data Analysis: Must-Know Libraries 👇👇

Python is one of the most powerful tools for Data Analysts, and these libraries will supercharge your data analysis workflow by helping you clean, manipulate, and visualize data efficiently.

🔥 Essential Python Libraries for Data Analysis:

✅ Pandas – The go-to library for data manipulation. It helps in filtering, grouping, merging datasets, handling missing values, and transforming data into a structured format.

📌 Example: Loading a CSV file and displaying the first 5 rows:

import pandas as pd df = pd.read_csv('data.csv') print(df.head()) 

✅ NumPy – Used for handling numerical data and performing complex calculations. It provides support for multi-dimensional arrays and efficient mathematical operations.

📌 Example: Creating an array and performing basic operations:

import numpy as np arr = np.array([10, 20, 30]) print(arr.mean()) # Calculates the average 

✅ Matplotlib & Seaborn – These are used for creating visualizations like line graphs, bar charts, and scatter plots to understand trends and patterns in data.

📌 Example: Creating a basic bar chart:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt plt.bar(['A', 'B', 'C'], [5, 7, 3]) plt.show() 

✅ Scikit-Learn – A must-learn library if you want to apply machine learning techniques like regression, classification, and clustering on your dataset.

✅ OpenPyXL – Helps in automating Excel reports using Python by reading, writing, and modifying Excel files.

💡 Challenge for You!
Try writing a Python script that:
1️⃣ Reads a CSV file
2️⃣ Cleans missing data
3️⃣ Creates a simple visualization

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