import pickle

data = {"a": 1}
s = pickle.dumps(data)
obj = pickle.loads(s)
print(obj["a"])

import pickle

class A:
    def __init__(self):
        self.x = 42

obj = A()
s = pickle.dumps(obj)
restored = pickle.loads(s)
print(restored.x)

import json

class B:
    def __init__(self):
        self.value = 10

b = B()
print(json.dumps(b.__dict__))

import json

data = {"user": {"id": 123, "active": True}}
with open("data.json", "w") as f:
    json.dump(data, f)

with open("data.json", "r") as f:
    loaded = json.load(f)

print(loaded["user"]["id"])

import json

data = {"users": [{"name": "Alice"}, {"name": "Bob"}]}
print(json.dumps(data, indent=2))

import json
from datetime import date

today = date(2025, 6, 9)

def handle(obj):
    if isinstance(obj, date):
        return obj.isoformat()
    raise TypeError("Not serializable")

print(json.dumps({"today": today}, default=handle))

def g(lst):
    return 0 if len(lst) == 0 else g(lst[1:]) - lst[0]
 
print(g([]))

class B:
    __y = 10

b = B()
print(b.__y)

class C:
    z = 5
    items = []

c1, c2 = C(), C()
c1.z = 8
c2.items.append('ok')
print(c1.z, len(c1.items))

class D:
    shared = {}

d1 = D()
d2 = D()

d1.shared['a'] = 1
d2.shared['b'] = 2

print(d1.shared)