import numpy as np
a = np.array([1, 2, -1])
b = np.diff(a)
print(*b)

D = {}
A = D
B = D.copy()
B[ 'b' ] = 2
A[ 'b' ] = 3
print(D, B, A)

L = ['abc' , [(1, 2) , ([3] , 4)] , 5]
L[1][1][0][0]

with open('sample.txt', "w") as file_object:
    a = file_object.closed
b = file_object.closed        
print(a, b)

def f():
    yield 1
    yield 2
    yield 3
a, *b = f()
print(a, b)

class A:
    def __init__(self):
        self.i = 0
    def __iter__(self):
        return self
    def __next__(self):
        if self.i > 2:
            raise StopIteration
        self.i += 1
        return self.i
a, b, c = A()
print(a, b, c)

a, b, *c, d = (1,2,3,4,5,6)
print(c)

from collections import deque
q = deque(maxlen=3)
q.append(1)
q.appendleft(2)
q.append(3)
q.append(4)
q.popleft()
print(q.popleft())

import heapq
d = [5, -2, 3, 4, 1, 7 -3, 11, -9, 0, -1, 6]
a = heapq.nsmallest(1, d)
b = heapq.nlargest(1, d)
print(*a, *b)

import heapq
s = [2, 1, 3]
heapq.heapify(s)
print(s[0])