def flatten(lst):
    for item in lst:
        if isinstance(item, list):
            yield from flatten(item)
        else:
            yield item

print(list(flatten([1, [2, [3, 4]], 5])))

from itertools import tee

it = iter([10, 20, 30])
a, b = tee(it)

print(next(a), next(b), list(a), list(b))

with open("data.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    f.write("apple\n")
    f.write("banana\n")
    f.write("cherry\n")

def read_lines():
    for line in open("data.txt"):
        yield line.strip()

lines = read_lines()
print(next(lines))
print(next(lines))
print(next(lines))

from itertools import groupby

data = ['a', 'a', 'b', 'b', 'b', 'a']
groups = [(k, list(g)) for k, g in groupby(data)]

print(groups)

from itertools import groupby

words = ["apple", "apricot", "banana", "blueberry"]
groups = [(k, list(g)) for k, g in groupby(words, key=lambda x: x[0])]

print(groups)

def gen():
    yield 1
    return 2

g = gen()
print(next(g))
print(next(g))

def sub():
    value = yield
    yield f"got: {value}"

def main():
    yield from sub()

g = main()
next(g)
print(g.send("hello"))

nums = [1, 2, 3]
result = list(map(lambda x: x * 2, nums))
print(result)

nums = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
evens = list(filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, nums))
print(evens)

from functools import reduce
nums = [1, 2, 3, 4]
result = reduce(lambda x, y: x + y, nums)
print(result)

from collections import defaultdict

d = defaultdict(lambda: "default")
d["x"] = 42
print(d["x"], d["y"])