tpl = ([],)
tpl[0].extend([1, 2])
print(tpl)

def add_item(num, lst=[]):
    lst.append(num)
    return lst

add_item(1)
print(add_item(2))

def add_item(num, lst=[]):
    lst.append(num)
    return lst

add_item(1)
print(add_item(2))

class Model:
    val = 1
    lst = [val for _ in range(3)]

print(Model.lst)

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
x[::2] = [10, 20, 30]
print(x)

gen = (x for x in range(5))
print(2 in gen, 2 in gen)

gen = (x for x in range(5))
print(2 in gen, 2 in gen)

s1 = {1, 2}
s2 = {2, 3}
print(s1 ^ s2)

def f(x, y, z):
    return x + y + z

d1 = {'x': 1, 'y': 2}
d2 = {'y': 3, 'z': 4}

try:
    print(f(**d1, **d2))
except TypeError:
    print("TypeError")

res = map(lambda x: x * 2, [1, 2])
print(list(res))

def f(x, y, z):
    return x + y + z

d1 = {'x': 1, 'y': 2}
d2 = {'y': 3, 'z': 4}

try:
    print(f(**d1, **d2))
except TypeError:
    print("TypeError")