▪️जस्टिस यशवंत वर्मा ने अपने पद से इस्तीफा दे दिया है। पिछले साल दिल्ली स्थित उनके घर से भारी मात्रा में नकदी बरामद होने के बाद से उन पर सवाल उठ रहे थे। उनके खिलाफ महाभियोग प्रक्रिया भी शुरू होने वाली थी और इसी बीच अब उन्होंने इलाहाबाद हाई कोर्ट के जज के पद से इस्तीफा दे दिया है। इसके साथ ही संसद में अब उनके खिलाफ चल रही महाभियोग प्रक्रिया भी रूक गई है। महाभियोग का खौफ ऐसा है कि इसके कारण अब तक कुल तीन जज इस्तीफा दे चुके हैं।
1. जस्टिस सौमित्र सेन-
कलकत्ता हाई कोर्ट के जज सौमित्र सेन पर 1983 के एक मामले में रिसीवर रहते हुए 33.23 लाख रुपये की हेराफेरी का आरोप लगा। कोर्ट की ओर से जमा राशि को उन्होंने अपने पर्सनल अकाउंट में ट्रांसफर कर लिया था। जब इस मामले में जांच हुई तो उन्हें दोषी पाया गया था। राज्यसभा ने 2011 में उनके खिलाफ महाभियोग प्रस्ताव पारित कर दिया। भारत के इतिहास में यह पहली बार था जब किसी जज के खिलाफ महाभियोग का प्रस्ताव किसी सदन से पास हुआ हो। हालांकि, उन्हें महाभियोग के जरिए नहीं हटाया गया क्योंकि महाभियोग प्रक्रिया पूरी होने से पहले ही उन्होंने इस्तीफा दे दिया था। लोकसभा में प्रस्ताव पहुंचने से पहले उन्होंने 1 सितंबर 2011 को इस्तीफा दे दिया था।
2. जस्टिस पीडी दिनाकरण
पीडी दिनाकरण सिक्किम उच्च न्यायालय के मुख्य न्यायाधीश थे। उन पर कांचीपुरम जिले में करीब 197 एकड़ सरकारी और प्राइवेट जमीन हड़पने का गंभीर आरोप लगा। आय से अधिक संपत्ति रखने और पद के दुरुपयोग का भी मामला था। साल 2009 में सुप्रीम कोर्ट में उनकी नियुक्ति की सिफारिश के समय ये आरोप सुर्खियों में आए। जांच समिति ने आरोपों को सही पाया। महाभियोग शुरू होने से ठीक पहले 29 जुलाई 2011 को उन्होंने इस्तीफा दे दिया।
जस्टिस यशंवत वर्मा, पीडी दिनाकर और सौमित्र सेन ने महाभियोग प्रक्रिया पूरी होने से पहले ही इस्तीफा दे दिया।
▪️ ऐसा इसलिए किया जाता है क्योंकि पद से इस्तीफा देने के बाद महाभियोग प्रक्रिया वहीं समाप्त हो जाती है। ऐसी स्थिति में जज को रिटायरमेंट के सारे लाभ मिलते हैं। उन्हें एक रिटायर्ड जज के तौर पर सारी सुविधाएं मिलती रहती हैं।
▪️अन्य कुछ मामले (लेकिन इस्तीफा नहीं दिया):
• जस्टिस वी. रामास्वामी (सुप्रीम कोर्ट, 1993): महाभियोग प्रस्ताव आया, लेकिन लोकसभा में वोटिंग में फेल हो गया। उन्होंने इस्तीफा नहीं दिया।
• जस्टिस जे.बी. पारदीवाला (गुजरात हाई कोर्ट, 2015): महाभियोग नोटिस आया, लेकिन आगे नहीं बढ़ा और इस्तीफा नहीं दिया।
• कुछ अन्य हाई कोर्ट जजों (जैसे जस्टिस शेखर कुमार यादव 2024, जस्टिस जी.आर. स्वामिनाथन 2025) के खिलाफ भी महाभियोग की कोशिश हुई, लेकिन वो या तो रुक गए या जज ने इस्तीफा नहीं दिया।
Note- ध्यान रहे महाभियोग शब्द का उल्लेख संविधान के अनुच्छेद 61 में राष्ट्रपति के लिए ही है।
1. जस्टिस सौमित्र सेन-
कलकत्ता हाई कोर्ट के जज सौमित्र सेन पर 1983 के एक मामले में रिसीवर रहते हुए 33.23 लाख रुपये की हेराफेरी का आरोप लगा। कोर्ट की ओर से जमा राशि को उन्होंने अपने पर्सनल अकाउंट में ट्रांसफर कर लिया था। जब इस मामले में जांच हुई तो उन्हें दोषी पाया गया था। राज्यसभा ने 2011 में उनके खिलाफ महाभियोग प्रस्ताव पारित कर दिया। भारत के इतिहास में यह पहली बार था जब किसी जज के खिलाफ महाभियोग का प्रस्ताव किसी सदन से पास हुआ हो। हालांकि, उन्हें महाभियोग के जरिए नहीं हटाया गया क्योंकि महाभियोग प्रक्रिया पूरी होने से पहले ही उन्होंने इस्तीफा दे दिया था। लोकसभा में प्रस्ताव पहुंचने से पहले उन्होंने 1 सितंबर 2011 को इस्तीफा दे दिया था।
2. जस्टिस पीडी दिनाकरण
पीडी दिनाकरण सिक्किम उच्च न्यायालय के मुख्य न्यायाधीश थे। उन पर कांचीपुरम जिले में करीब 197 एकड़ सरकारी और प्राइवेट जमीन हड़पने का गंभीर आरोप लगा। आय से अधिक संपत्ति रखने और पद के दुरुपयोग का भी मामला था। साल 2009 में सुप्रीम कोर्ट में उनकी नियुक्ति की सिफारिश के समय ये आरोप सुर्खियों में आए। जांच समिति ने आरोपों को सही पाया। महाभियोग शुरू होने से ठीक पहले 29 जुलाई 2011 को उन्होंने इस्तीफा दे दिया।
जस्टिस यशंवत वर्मा, पीडी दिनाकर और सौमित्र सेन ने महाभियोग प्रक्रिया पूरी होने से पहले ही इस्तीफा दे दिया।
▪️ ऐसा इसलिए किया जाता है क्योंकि पद से इस्तीफा देने के बाद महाभियोग प्रक्रिया वहीं समाप्त हो जाती है। ऐसी स्थिति में जज को रिटायरमेंट के सारे लाभ मिलते हैं। उन्हें एक रिटायर्ड जज के तौर पर सारी सुविधाएं मिलती रहती हैं।
▪️अन्य कुछ मामले (लेकिन इस्तीफा नहीं दिया):
• जस्टिस वी. रामास्वामी (सुप्रीम कोर्ट, 1993): महाभियोग प्रस्ताव आया, लेकिन लोकसभा में वोटिंग में फेल हो गया। उन्होंने इस्तीफा नहीं दिया।
• जस्टिस जे.बी. पारदीवाला (गुजरात हाई कोर्ट, 2015): महाभियोग नोटिस आया, लेकिन आगे नहीं बढ़ा और इस्तीफा नहीं दिया।
• कुछ अन्य हाई कोर्ट जजों (जैसे जस्टिस शेखर कुमार यादव 2024, जस्टिस जी.आर. स्वामिनाथन 2025) के खिलाफ भी महाभियोग की कोशिश हुई, लेकिन वो या तो रुक गए या जज ने इस्तीफा नहीं दिया।
Note- ध्यान रहे महाभियोग शब्द का उल्लेख संविधान के अनुच्छेद 61 में राष्ट्रपति के लिए ही है।
❤3
https://www.samyakias.com/rajasthaneconomicsurvey
Download Free Economic Survey in Hindi and English.
Download Free Economic Survey in Hindi and English.
❤2
1. Consider the following statements regarding El Niño and Indian Monsoon:
1. El Niño leads to warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.
2. It generally strengthens the Indian Summer Monsoon.
3. It is associated with weakening of trade winds.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B
(El Niño weakens monsoon, so statement 2 is incorrect)
2. With reference to Long Period Average (LPA) of monsoon rainfall, consider the following:
1. LPA represents the average rainfall calculated over a 30-year period.
2. Rainfall between 96%–104% of LPA is considered normal.
3. Rainfall below 90% of LPA is categorized as deficient.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D
3. The term “All India Rainfall at 92% of LPA” implies:
A. Excess rainfall conditions
B. Normal rainfall conditions
C. Below normal rainfall conditions
D. Deficient drought conditions
Answer: C
(Below normal: 90–96%)
4. Consider the following statements about the Indian Monsoon system:
1. About 75% of India’s annual rainfall occurs during the Southwest Monsoon.
2. Monsoon onset typically begins over Kerala in early June.
3. Withdrawal of monsoon starts from eastern India.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
(Withdrawal starts from northwest India, not east)
5. Which of the following regions are likely to receive above-normal rainfall during an El Niño year (as per the news trend)?
1. Northeast India
2. Northwestern India
3. Central India
Select the correct answer:
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B
6. Consider the following impacts of weak monsoon:
1. Reduction in Kharif crop production
2. Decline in reservoir water levels
3. Increase in hydroelectric power generation
Which of the above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
7. “Skymet” mentioned in the news refers to:
A. A satellite-based rainfall measurement system of ISRO
B. A private weather forecasting agency
C. A government monsoon monitoring program
D. A climate model used by IMD
Answer: B
8. Consider the following statements about El Niño conditions in 2026 (as per the report):
1.Strong El Niño conditions are expected between April and June.
2.It may lead to reduced monsoon rainfall in India.
3.It has no impact on agricultural productivity.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
9. Which of the following best explains the weakening of monsoon during El Niño?
A. Strengthening of Walker Circulation over India
B. Shift of convection zone towards the central Pacific
C. Increase in Indian Ocean Dipole positive phase
D. Strengthening of easterly jet streams
Answer: B
10. Consider the following statements regarding monsoon variability in India:
1. El Niño is the only factor influencing monsoon variability.
2. Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can sometimes offset El Niño effects.
3. Snow cover in Eurasia has no impact on Indian Monsoon.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 2 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
11. In the context of agriculture, which crops are most vulnerable to monsoon deficit?
A. Rabi crops like wheat
B. Kharif crops like rice and pulses
C. Plantation crops like tea
D. Horticulture crops only
Answer: B
12. Consider the following statements:
1. The year 2018 recorded one of the lowest monsoon rainfalls in recent years.
2. El Niño leads to both high temperature and reduced rainfall in India.
Which of the statements are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C
1. El Niño leads to warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean.
2. It generally strengthens the Indian Summer Monsoon.
3. It is associated with weakening of trade winds.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 1 and 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B
(El Niño weakens monsoon, so statement 2 is incorrect)
2. With reference to Long Period Average (LPA) of monsoon rainfall, consider the following:
1. LPA represents the average rainfall calculated over a 30-year period.
2. Rainfall between 96%–104% of LPA is considered normal.
3. Rainfall below 90% of LPA is categorized as deficient.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: D
3. The term “All India Rainfall at 92% of LPA” implies:
A. Excess rainfall conditions
B. Normal rainfall conditions
C. Below normal rainfall conditions
D. Deficient drought conditions
Answer: C
(Below normal: 90–96%)
4. Consider the following statements about the Indian Monsoon system:
1. About 75% of India’s annual rainfall occurs during the Southwest Monsoon.
2. Monsoon onset typically begins over Kerala in early June.
3. Withdrawal of monsoon starts from eastern India.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
(Withdrawal starts from northwest India, not east)
5. Which of the following regions are likely to receive above-normal rainfall during an El Niño year (as per the news trend)?
1. Northeast India
2. Northwestern India
3. Central India
Select the correct answer:
A. 1 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: B
6. Consider the following impacts of weak monsoon:
1. Reduction in Kharif crop production
2. Decline in reservoir water levels
3. Increase in hydroelectric power generation
Which of the above are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
7. “Skymet” mentioned in the news refers to:
A. A satellite-based rainfall measurement system of ISRO
B. A private weather forecasting agency
C. A government monsoon monitoring program
D. A climate model used by IMD
Answer: B
8. Consider the following statements about El Niño conditions in 2026 (as per the report):
1.Strong El Niño conditions are expected between April and June.
2.It may lead to reduced monsoon rainfall in India.
3.It has no impact on agricultural productivity.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
9. Which of the following best explains the weakening of monsoon during El Niño?
A. Strengthening of Walker Circulation over India
B. Shift of convection zone towards the central Pacific
C. Increase in Indian Ocean Dipole positive phase
D. Strengthening of easterly jet streams
Answer: B
10. Consider the following statements regarding monsoon variability in India:
1. El Niño is the only factor influencing monsoon variability.
2. Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can sometimes offset El Niño effects.
3. Snow cover in Eurasia has no impact on Indian Monsoon.
Which of the above statements are correct?
A. 2 only
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: A
11. In the context of agriculture, which crops are most vulnerable to monsoon deficit?
A. Rabi crops like wheat
B. Kharif crops like rice and pulses
C. Plantation crops like tea
D. Horticulture crops only
Answer: B
12. Consider the following statements:
1. The year 2018 recorded one of the lowest monsoon rainfalls in recent years.
2. El Niño leads to both high temperature and reduced rainfall in India.
Which of the statements are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. Both 1 and 2
D. Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: C
❤3
1. Assertion (A): El Niño years are generally associated with deficient rainfall in India.
Reason (R): El Niño weakens the Walker Circulation over the Indian region.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
✅ Answer: A
2. Assertion (A): El Niño always leads to drought conditions in India.
Reason (R): Indian Ocean Dipole can influence monsoon independently.
A. Both A and R are true and R explains A
B. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A
C. A is false but R is true
D. A is true but R is false
✅ Answer: C
(El Niño does NOT always cause drought)
3. Assertion (A): Weak monsoon reduces hydroelectric power generation.
Reason (R): Reservoir water levels decline during deficient rainfall.
A. Both A and R are true and R explains A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
✅ Answer: A
4. Match rainfall category with % of LPA:
List I. List II
A. Deficient. 1. 96–104%
B. Normal. 2. < 90%
C. Below Normal. 3. 90–96%
D. Excess. 4. > 110%
Code: A B C D
A. 2 1 3 4
B. 2 3 1 4
C. 3 1 2 4
D. 1 2 3 4
✅ Answer: A
5. Consider the following statements:
1. All El Niño years lead to drought in India.
2. Monsoon rainfall below 96% of LPA is always deficient.
3. Indian monsoon is influenced by ocean-atmosphere interactions.
Which of the above are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: B
6. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. IMD defines normal monsoon in a narrow range only.
2. Skymet predicted below normal rainfall.
3. Monsoon variability has economic implications.
A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: B
7. Consider the following:
1. El Niño
2. Indian Ocean Dipole
3. Eurasian Snow Cover
Which of the above influence Indian monsoon?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: D
8. A year with 108% rainfall of LPA would be classified as:
A. Normal
B. Above Normal
C. Excess
D. Deficient
✅ Answer: B
(105–110% = Above Normal, not Excess)
9. Which of the following best explains why El Niño reduces Indian monsoon rainfall?
A. Cooling of Indian Ocean
B. Shift of convection away from Indian region
C. Strengthening of monsoon winds
D. Increase in land-sea temperature contrast
✅ Answer: B
Reason (R): El Niño weakens the Walker Circulation over the Indian region.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
✅ Answer: A
2. Assertion (A): El Niño always leads to drought conditions in India.
Reason (R): Indian Ocean Dipole can influence monsoon independently.
A. Both A and R are true and R explains A
B. Both A and R are true but R does not explain A
C. A is false but R is true
D. A is true but R is false
✅ Answer: C
(El Niño does NOT always cause drought)
3. Assertion (A): Weak monsoon reduces hydroelectric power generation.
Reason (R): Reservoir water levels decline during deficient rainfall.
A. Both A and R are true and R explains A
B. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false but R is true
✅ Answer: A
4. Match rainfall category with % of LPA:
List I. List II
A. Deficient. 1. 96–104%
B. Normal. 2. < 90%
C. Below Normal. 3. 90–96%
D. Excess. 4. > 110%
Code: A B C D
A. 2 1 3 4
B. 2 3 1 4
C. 3 1 2 4
D. 1 2 3 4
✅ Answer: A
5. Consider the following statements:
1. All El Niño years lead to drought in India.
2. Monsoon rainfall below 96% of LPA is always deficient.
3. Indian monsoon is influenced by ocean-atmosphere interactions.
Which of the above are correct?
A. 1 only
B. 3 only
C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: B
6. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. IMD defines normal monsoon in a narrow range only.
2. Skymet predicted below normal rainfall.
3. Monsoon variability has economic implications.
A. 1 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: B
7. Consider the following:
1. El Niño
2. Indian Ocean Dipole
3. Eurasian Snow Cover
Which of the above influence Indian monsoon?
A. 1 and 2 only
B. 2 and 3 only
C. 1 and 3 only
D. 1, 2 and 3
✅ Answer: D
8. A year with 108% rainfall of LPA would be classified as:
A. Normal
B. Above Normal
C. Excess
D. Deficient
✅ Answer: B
(105–110% = Above Normal, not Excess)
9. Which of the following best explains why El Niño reduces Indian monsoon rainfall?
A. Cooling of Indian Ocean
B. Shift of convection away from Indian region
C. Strengthening of monsoon winds
D. Increase in land-sea temperature contrast
✅ Answer: B
❤2