✅ Complete Coding Interview Roadmap – What You MUST Know 👨‍💻💼

Whether you're preparing for FAANG or startups, here's everything you need to crack coding interviews in 2025:

🔰 1. Programming Language Mastery
Choose one (C++, Java, Python) & master:
- Syntax & built-in functions
- Time & space complexity
- Object-oriented programming
- Recursion, Iterative logic

📚 2. Data Structures
Understand how they work + when to use them:
- Arrays & Strings
- Linked Lists (Singly, Doubly)
- Stacks & Queues
- Hash Maps / Hash Tables
- Trees (Binary, BST, Trie)
- Graphs (Adjacency List/Matrix)
- Heaps & Priority Queues

⚙️ 3. Algorithms
Key to solving problems efficiently:
- Sorting & Searching (Binary Search, Merge/Quick Sort)
- Recursion & Backtracking
- Sliding Window, Two Pointers
- Greedy & Divide and Conquer
- Dynamic Programming (0/1 Knapsack, LIS, etc.)
- Graph Algorithms (DFS, BFS, Dijkstra’s, Topological Sort)
- Bit Manipulation

💬 4. Problem Solving Practice
Use platforms like:
- LeetCode (Top 150/Blind 75)
- HackerRank / Codeforces
- InterviewBit / GFG

💡 5. System Design (For 3+ years experience)
- High-level design (scalability, availability, latency)
- Components: Load Balancer, Database, Caching, Message Queues
- Design examples: URL Shortener, Instagram, Chat App
- Use tools like draw.io or Excalidraw to visualize designs

🧠 6. Behavioral + HR Round Prep
Prepare STAR-based answers for:
- "Tell me about yourself"
- "Biggest challenge you faced"
- "Why do you want to join us?"
- "Teamwork, leadership, conflict"

📝 7. Resume & Portfolio
- Keep it ONE page
- Highlight impact, not tasks
- Add GitHub, LinkedIn, Portfolio links
- Projects that use real-world APIs or solve real problems

🔄 8. Mock Interviews & Feedback
- Practice with peers, mentors or platforms like Pramp / Interviewing.io
- Get feedback on approach, not just correctness

🎯 Tips:
- Stay consistent (1–2 hours daily)
- Focus on patterns, not just solutions
- Keep track of mistakes & revise weekly
- Rest before interviews – don’t cram

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HTTP Status Codes

🎯 The Only SQL You Actually Need For Your First Data Analytics Job

🚫 Avoid the Learning Trap: 
Watching 100+ tutorials but no hands-on practice.

✅ Reality: 
75% of real SQL work boils down to these essentials:

1️⃣ SELECT, FROM, WHERE
⦁ Pick columns, tables, and filter rows

SELECT name, age FROM customers WHERE age > 30;

2️⃣ JOINs
⦁ Combine related tables (INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN)

SELECT o.id, c.name FROM orders o JOIN customers c ON o.customer_id = c.id;

3️⃣ GROUP BY
⦁ Aggregate data by groups

SELECT country, COUNT(*) FROM users GROUP BY country;

4️⃣ ORDER BY
⦁ Sort results ascending or descending

SELECT name, score FROM students ORDER BY score DESC;

5️⃣ Aggregation Functions
⦁ COUNT(), SUM(), AVG(), MIN(), MAX()

SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;

6️⃣ ROW_NUMBER()
⦁ Rank rows within partitions

SELECT name,
ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY department ORDER BY salary DESC) AS rank
FROM employees;

💡 Final Tip: 
Master these basics well, practice hands-on, and build up confidence!

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✅ Step-by-Step Approach to Learn Programming 💻🚀

➊ Pick a Programming Language
Start with beginner-friendly languages that are widely used and have lots of resources.
✔ Python – Great for beginners, versatile (web, data, automation)
✔ JavaScript – Perfect for web development
✔ C++ / Java – Ideal if you're targeting DSA or competitive programming
Goal: Be comfortable with syntax, writing small programs, and using an IDE.

➋ Learn Basic Programming Concepts
Understand the foundational building blocks of coding:
✔ Variables, data types
✔ Input/output
✔ Loops (for, while)
✔ Conditional statements (if/else)
✔ Functions and scope
✔ Error handling
Tip: Use visual platforms like W3Schools, freeCodeCamp, or Sololearn.

➌ Understand Data Structures & Algorithms (DSA)
✔ Arrays, Strings
✔ Linked Lists, Stacks, Queues
✔ Hash Maps, Sets
✔ Trees, Graphs
✔ Sorting & Searching
✔ Recursion, Greedy, Backtracking
✔ Dynamic Programming
Use GeeksforGeeks, NeetCode, or Striver's DSA Sheet.

➍ Practice Problem Solving Daily
✔ LeetCode (real interview Qs)
✔ HackerRank (step-by-step)
✔ Codeforces / AtCoder (competitive)
Goal: Focus on logic, not just solutions.

➎ Build Mini Projects
✔ Calculator
✔ To-do list app
✔ Weather app (using APIs)
✔ Quiz app
✔ Rock-paper-scissors game
Projects solidify your concepts.

➏ Learn Git & GitHub
✔ Initialize a repo
✔ Commit & push code
✔ Branch and merge
✔ Host projects on GitHub
Must-have for collaboration.

➐ Learn Web Development Basics
✔ HTML – Structure
✔ CSS – Styling
✔ JavaScript – Interactivity
Then explore:
✔ React.js
✔ Node.js + Express
✔ MongoDB / MySQL

➑ Choose Your Career Path
✔ Web Dev (Frontend, Backend, Full Stack)
✔ App Dev (Flutter, Android)
✔ Data Science / ML
✔ DevOps / Cloud (AWS, Docker)

➒ Work on Real Projects & Internships
✔ Build a portfolio
✔ Clone real apps (Netflix UI, Amazon clone)
✔ Join hackathons
✔ Freelance or open source
✔ Apply for internships

➓ Stay Updated & Keep Improving
✔ Follow GitHub trends
✔ Dev YouTube channels (Fireship, etc.)
✔ Tech blogs (Dev.to, Medium)
✔ Communities (Discord, Reddit, X)

🎯 Remember:
• Consistency > Intensity
• Learn by building
• Debugging is learning
• Track progress weekly

Useful WhatsApp Channels to Learn Programming Languages
Python Programming: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiM08SDuMRaGKd9Wv0L
JavaScript: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VavR9OxLtOjJTXrZNi32
C++ Programming: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VbBAimF4dTnJLn3Vkd3M
Java Programming: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VamdH5mHAdNMHMSBwg1s

👍 React ♥️ for more

📚 Top 10 HTML Interview Questions With Answers

1. What is HTML? 
   HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language used to create and design web pages. It structures content by using elements and tags.

2. What are the different types of HTML tags? 
   There are block-level tags (like <div>, <p>, <h1>) which start on a new line, and inline tags (like <span>, <a>, <img>) which do not start on a new line.

3. What is the difference between HTML elements and tags? 
   A tag is the markup itself (e.g., <p>), while an element includes the opening tag, content, and closing tag (<p>Content</p>).

4. What are semantic HTML elements? 
   Semantic elements clearly describe their meaning in a human- and machine-readable way. Examples include <header>, <footer>, <article>, and <section>.

5. What is the purpose of the doctype declaration in HTML? 
   The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines the document type and version of HTML, helping browsers render the page correctly.

6. What are the different ways to include CSS in an HTML page? 
   CSS can be added via inline styles (style attribute), internal styles (<style> tag inside <head>), or external style sheets linked via <link> tag.

7. What is the difference between an ID and a Class in HTML? 
   ID is unique within a page and is used to identify a single element, while class can be assigned to multiple elements for styling or scripting.

8. How do you create a hyperlink in HTML? 
   Using the <a> tag with an href attribute, e.g., <a href="https://example.com">Link</a>.

9. What are HTML forms used for? 
   Forms collect user input and submit data to a server for processing, with tags like <form>, <input>, <textarea>, <button>, and more.

10. What is the role of the <meta> tag in HTML? 
    Meta tags provide metadata about the HTML document such as character set, page description, viewport settings, and SEO info.

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🔥 Ultimate Coding Interview Cheat Sheet (2025 Edition)

✅ 1. Data Structures
Key Concepts:
• Arrays/Lists
• Strings
• Hashmaps (Dicts)
• Stacks & Queues
• Linked Lists
• Trees (BST, Binary)
• Graphs
• Heaps

Practice Questions:
• Reverse a string or array
• Detect duplicates in an array
• Find missing number
• Implement stack using queue
• Traverse binary tree (Inorder, Preorder)

✅ 2. Algorithms
Key Concepts:
• Sorting (Quick, Merge, Bubble)
• Searching (Binary search)
• Recursion
• Backtracking
• Divide & Conquer
• Greedy
• Dynamic Programming

Practice Questions:
• Fibonacci with DP
• Merge sort implementation
• N-Queens Problem
• Knapsack problem
• Coin change

✅ 3. Problem Solving Patterns
Important Patterns:
• Two Pointers
• Sliding Window
• Fast & Slow Pointer
• Recursion + Memoization
• Prefix Sum
• Binary Search on answer

Practice Questions:
• Longest Substring Without Repeat
• Max Sum Subarray of Size K
• Linked list cycle detection
• Peak Element

✅ 4. System Design Basics
Key Concepts:
• Scalability, Load Balancing
• Caching (Redis)
• Rate Limiting
• APIs and Databases
• CAP Theorem
• Consistency vs Availability

Practice Projects:
• Design URL shortener
• Design Twitter feed
• Design chat system (e.g., WhatsApp)

✅ 5. OOP & Programming Basics
Key Concepts:
• Classes & Objects
• Inheritance, Polymorphism
• Encapsulation, Abstraction
• SOLID Principles

Practice Projects:
• Design a Library System
• Implement Parking Lot
• Bank Account Simulation

✅ 6. SQL & Database Concepts
Key Concepts:
• Joins (INNER, LEFT, RIGHT)
• GROUP BY, HAVING
• Subqueries
• Window Functions
• Indexing

Practice Queries:
• Get top 3 salaries
• Find duplicate emails
• Most frequent orders per user

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🚀 AI Journey Contest 2025: Test your AI skills!

Join our international online AI competition. Register now for the contest! Award fund — RUB 6.5 mln!

Choose your track:

· 🤖 Agent-as-Judge — build a universal “judge” to evaluate AI-generated texts.

· 🧠 Human-centered AI Assistant — develop a personalized assistant based on GigaChat that mimics human behavior and anticipates preferences. Participants will receive API tokens and a chance to get an additional 1M tokens.

· 💾 GigaMemory — design a long-term memory mechanism for LLMs so the assistant can remember and use important facts in dialogue.

Why Join
Level up your skills, add a strong line to your resume, tackle pro-level tasks, compete for an award, and get an opportunity to showcase your work at AI Journey, a leading international AI conference.

How to Join
1. Register here.
2. Choose your track.
3. Create your solution and submit it by 30 October 2025.

🚀 Ready for a challenge? Join a global developer community and show your AI skills!

Here are some tricky🧩 SQL interview questions!

1. Find the second-highest salary in a table without using LIMIT or TOP.

2. Write a SQL query to find all employees who earn more than their managers.

3. Find the duplicate rows in a table without using GROUP BY.

4. Write a SQL query to find the top 10% of earners in a table.

5. Find the cumulative sum of a column in a table.

6. Write a SQL query to find all employees who have never taken a leave.

7. Find the difference between the current row and the next row in a table.

8. Write a SQL query to find all departments with more than one employee.

9. Find the maximum value of a column for each group without using GROUP BY.

10. Write a SQL query to find all employees who have taken more than 3 leaves in a month.

These questions are designed to test your SQL skills, including your ability to write efficient queries, think creatively, and solve complex problems.

Here are the answers to these questions:

1. SELECT MAX(salary) FROM table WHERE salary NOT IN (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM table)

2. SELECT e1.* FROM employees e1 JOIN employees e2 ON e1.manager_id = (link unavailable) WHERE e1.salary > e2.salary

3. SELECT * FROM table WHERE rowid IN (SELECT rowid FROM table GROUP BY column HAVING COUNT(*) > 1)

4. SELECT * FROM table WHERE salary > (SELECT PERCENTILE_CONT(0.9) WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY salary) FROM table)

5. SELECT column, SUM(column) OVER (ORDER BY rowid) FROM table

6. SELECT * FROM employees WHERE id NOT IN (SELECT employee_id FROM leaves)

7. SELECT *, column - LEAD(column) OVER (ORDER BY rowid) FROM table

8. SELECT department FROM employees GROUP BY department HAVING COUNT(*) > 1

9. SELECT MAX(column) FROM table WHERE column NOT IN (SELECT MAX(column) FROM table GROUP BY group_column)

🔥 Guys, Another Big Announcement!

I’m launching a Python Interview Series 🐍💼 — your complete guide to cracking Python interviews from beginner to advanced level!

This will be a week-by-week series designed to make you interview-ready — covering core concepts, coding questions, and real interview scenarios asked by top companies.

Here’s what’s coming your way 👇

🔹 Week 1: Python Fundamentals (Beginner Level)
• Data types, variables & operators
• If-else, loops & functions
• Input/output & basic problem-solving
💡 *Practice:* Reverse string, Prime check, Factorial, Palindrome

🔹 Week 2: Data Structures in Python
• Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries
• Comprehensions (list, dict, set)
• Sorting, searching, and nested structures
💡 *Practice:* Frequency count, remove duplicates, find max/min

🔹 Week 3: Functions, Modules & File Handling
• *args, *kwargs, lambda, map/filter/reduce
• File read/write, CSV handling
• Modules & imports
💡 *Practice:* Create custom functions, read data files, handle errors

🔹 Week 4: Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)
• Classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism
• Encapsulation & abstraction
• Magic methods (__init__, __str__)
💡 *Practice:* Build a simple class like BankAccount or StudentSystem

🔹 Week 5: Exception Handling & Logging
• try-except-else-finally
• Custom exceptions
• Logging errors & debugging best practices
💡 *Practice:* File operations with proper error handling

🔹 Week 6: Advanced Python Concepts
• Decorators, generators, iterators
• Closures & context managers
• Shallow vs deep copy
💡 *Practice:* Create your own decorator, generator examples

🔹 Week 7: Pandas & NumPy for Data Analysis
• DataFrame basics, filtering & grouping
• Handling missing data
• NumPy arrays, slicing, and aggregation
💡 *Practice:* Analyze small CSV datasets

🔹 Week 8: Python for Analytics & Visualization
• Matplotlib, Seaborn basics
• Data summarization & correlation
• Building simple dashboards
💡 *Practice:* Visualize sales or user data

🔹 Week 9: Real Interview Questions (Intermediate–Advanced)
• 50+ Python interview questions with answers
• Common logical & coding tasks
• Real company-style questions (Infosys, TCS, Deloitte, etc.)
💡 *Practice:* Solve daily problem sets

🔹 Week 10: Final Interview Prep (Mock & Revision)
• End-to-end mock interviews
• Python project discussion tips
• Resume & GitHub portfolio guidance

📌 Each week includes:
✅ Key Concepts & Examples
✅ Coding Snippets & Practice Tasks
✅ Real Interview Q&A
✅ Mini Quiz & Discussion

👍 React ❤️ if you’re ready to master Python interviews!

👇 You can access it from here: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaiM08SDuMRaGKd9Wv0L/2099

🚀 Front-End Development Interview Topics

HTML & CSS
🔹 Semantic HTML
🔹 CSS Pre-Processors
🔹 CSS Specificity
🔹 Resetting & Normalizing CSS
🔹 CSS Architecture
🔹 SVGs
🔹 Media Queries
🔹 CSS Display Property
🔹 CSS Position Property
🔹 CSS Frameworks
🔹 Pseudo Classes
🔹 Sprites

JavaScript
🔹 Event Delegation
🔹 Attributes vs Properties
🔹 Ternary Operators
🔹 Promises vs Callbacks
🔹 Single Page Application
🔹 Higher-Order Functions
🔹 == vs ===
🔹 Mutable vs Immutable
🔹 'this'
🔹 Prototypal Inheritance
🔹 IFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression)
🔹 Closure
🔹 Null vs Undefined
🔹 OOP vs Map
🔹 .call & .apply
🔹 Hoisting
🔹 Objects
🔹 Scope
🔹 JS Frameworks

Data Structures and Algorithms
🔹 Linked Lists
🔹 Hash Tables
🔹 Stacks
🔹 Queues
🔹 Trees
🔹 Graphs
🔹 Arrays
🔹 Bubble Sort
🔹 Binary Search
🔹 Selection Sort
🔹 Quick Sort
🔹 Insertion Sort

Front-End Topics
🔹 Performance
🔹 Unit Testing
🔹 End-to-End Testing (E2E)
🔹 Web Accessibility
🔹 CORS
🔹 SEO
🔹 REST
🔹 APIs
🔹 HTTP/HTTPS
🔹 GitHub
🔹 Task Runners
🔹 Browser APIs

Javascript  for Everything:

JS + React = Web Development
JS + Three.js = 3D Visualization
JS + Angular = Web Applications

JS + Phaser = Game Development
JS + Vue.js = Progressive Web Apps
JS + TensorFlow.js = Machine Learning

JS + Node.js = Server-Side Development
JS + Electron = DesktopApp Development
JS + React Native = MobileApp Development

#javascript