88. Program to find nCr & nPr.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

long factorial(int);

long find_ncr(int, int);

long find_npr(int, int);

void main()
{
int n, r;
long ncr, npr;
clrscr();

printf("Enter the value of n and r : \n");
scanf("%d %d", &n, &r);

ncr = find_ncr(n, r);
npr = find_npr(n, r);

printf("%dC%d = %ld\n", n, r, ncr);
printf("%dP%d = %ld\n", n, r, npr);
getch();
}

long find_ncr(int n, int r)
{

long result;

result = factorial(n) / (factorial(r) * factorial(n - r));

return result;
}

long find_npr(int n, int r)
{

long result;

result = factorial(n) / factorial(n - r);

return result;
}

long factorial(int n)
{

int c;
long result = 1;

for (c = 1; c <= n; c++)
result = result * c;

return (result);
}
@programming_and_coding

89. Program for Newton Raphson General.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>

int user_power, i = 0, cnt = 0, flag = 0;
int coef[10] = {0};
float x1 = 0, x2 = 0, t = 0;
float fx1 = 0, fdx1 = 0;

int main()
{
printf("PROGRAM FOR NEWTON RAPHSON GENERAL");

printf("\nEnter the total no. of power : ");
scanf("%d", &user_power);

for (i = 0; i <= user_power; i++)
{
printf("\nx^%d : ", i);
scanf("%d", &coef[i]);
}

printf("\n");

printf("\n\nThe Polynomial is ");

//printing coeff.
for (i = user_power; i >= 0; i--)
{
printf("%dx^%d", coef[i], i);
}

printf("\n\nIntial x1 -> ");
scanf("%f", &x1);

printf("Iteration\tX1\tFX1\tF'X1");

do
{
cnt++;
fx1 = fdx1 = 0;
for (i = user_power; i >= 1; i--)
{
fx1 += coef[i] * (pow(x1, i));
}

fx1 += coef[0];

for (i = user_power; i >= 0; i--)
{
fdx1 += coef[i] * (i * pow(x1, (i - 1)));
}

t = x2;
x2 = (x1 - (fx1 / fdx1));
x1 = x2;

printf("\n\t%d\t%.3f\t%.3f\t%.3f ", cnt, x2, fx1, fdx1);

}
while ((fabs(t - x1)) >= 0.0001);

printf("\n\nThe root of equation is %f", x2);

return 0;
}
@programming_and_coding

90. Program to calculate the sum of even numbers from 1 to n.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int sum = 0, n;
clrscr();

printf("Enter the number : ");
scanf("%d", &n);

// Using Math formula
// (n/2)((n / 2) + 1)
sum = ((n / 2) * ((n / 2) + 1));

printf("Sum of even numbers from 1 to %d : %d", n, sum);
getch();
}
@programming_and_coding

91. Simpson 1/3 rule.

#include<stdio.h>

float f(float x)
{
return (1 / (1 + x));
}

void main()
{
int i, n;
float x0, xn, h, y[20], so, se, ans, x[20];
clrscr();

printf("\nEnter values of x0,xn,h: ");
scanf("%f%f%f", &x0, &xn, &h);
n = (xn - x0) / h;
if (n % 2 == 1)
{
n = n + 1;
}

h = (xn - x0) / n;

printf("\nRefined value of n and h are:%d and %f\n", n, h);
printf("\n Y values: \n");

for (i = 0; i <= n; i++)
{
x[i] = x0 + i * h;
y[i] = f(x[i]);
printf("\n %f\n", y[i]);
}

so = 0;
se = 0;
for (i = 1; i < n; i++)
{
if (i % 2 == 1)
{
so = so + y[i];
}
else
{
se = se + y[i];
}

}
ans = h / 3 * (y[0] + y[n] + 4 * so + 2 * se);
printf("\nFinal integration is %f", ans);
getch();
}
@programming_and_coding

92. Program to add two strings without using concat() function.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>

void concat(char[], char[]);

void main()
{
char s1[50], s2[30];
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter String 1 : ");
gets(s1);
printf("\nEnter String 2 : ");
gets(s2);

concat(s1, s2);

printf("\nConcated string is : %s", s1);
getch();
}

void concat(char s1[], char s2[])
{
int i, j;

i = strlen(s1);

for (j = 0; s2[j] != '\0'; i++, j++)
{
s1[i] = s2[j];
}

s1[i] = '\0';
}
@programming_and_coding

93. Program to check vowels in string.

#include<stdio.h>

int count_vowels(char []);

int check_vowel(char);

void main()
{
char array[100];
int c;
clrscr();
printf("Enter a string : ");
gets(array);

c = count_vowels(array);

printf("\nNumber of vowels in %s : %d", array, c);
getch();
}

int count_vowels(char a[])
{
int count = 0, c = 0, flag;
char d;

do
{
d = a[c];

flag = check_vowel(d);

if (flag == 1)
count++;

c++;
} while (d != '\0');
return count;
}

int check_vowel(char a)
{
if (a >= 'A' && a <= 'Z')
{
// Converting to lower case
a = a + 'a' - 'A';
}

if (a == 'a' || a == 'e' || a == 'i' || a == 'o' || a == 'u')
return 1;
return 0;
}
@programming_and_coding

94. Program to compare two strings.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
void main()
{
char a[100], b[100];
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the first string : ");
gets(a);
printf("\nEnter the second string : ");
gets(b);

if (strcmp(a, b) == 0)
printf("\nEntered strings are equal.");
else
printf("\nEntered strings are not equal.");
getch();
}
@programming_and_coding

95. Program to compare strings without using strcmp() function.

#include<stdio.h>

int stringCompare(char[], char[]);

void main()
{
char str1[100], str2[100];
int compare;
clrscr();
printf("Enter first string : ");
scanf("%s", str1);
printf("Enter second string : ");
scanf("%s", str2);

compare = stringCompare(str1, str2);

if (compare == 1)
printf("\nBoth strings are equal.");
else
printf("\nBoth strings are not equal.");
getch();
}

int stringCompare(char str1[], char str2[])
{
int i = 0, flag = 0;

while (str1[i] != '\0' && str2[i] != '\0')
{
if (str1[i] != str2[i])
{
flag = 1;
break;
}
i++;
}

if (flag == 0 && str1[i] == '\0' && str2[i] == '\0')
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
@programming_and_coding

96. Program to convert string from uppercase to lowercase.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
char str[20];
int i;
clrscr();

printf("Enter string : ");
gets(str);

for (i = 0; i <= strlen(str); i++)
{
if (str[i] >= 65 && str[i] <= 90)
{
str[i] = (char) (str[i] + 32);
}
}

printf("String in lowercase : %s", str);
getch();
}
@programming_and_coding

97. Program to copy char array / copy string.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>

void main()
{
char source[] = "C program";
char destination[50];
clrscr();

strcpy(destination, source);

printf("Source string: %s\n", source);
printf("Destination string: %s\n", destination);
getch();
}
@programming_and_coding

98. Program to copy string without using strcpy() function.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void strCopy(char[], char[]);

void main()
{

char str1[100], str2[100];

printf("Enter any string: ");
scanf("%s", str1);

strCopy(str1, str2);

printf("After copying: %s", str2);

getch();
}

void strCopy(char str1[], char str2[])
{

int i = 0;

while (str1[i] != '\0')
{
str2[i] = str1[i];
i++;
}

str2[i] = '\0';

}
@programming_and_coding

99. Program to count frequency of characters in a string.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
char str[1500];
int c = 0, count[26] = {0};
clrscr();

printf("Enter a string : ");
gets(str);

while (str[c] != '\0')
{

if (str[c] >= 'a' && str[c] <= 'z')
count[str[c] - 'a']++;
c++;
}

for (c = 0; c < 26; c++)
{
if (count[c] != 0)
printf("%c occurs %d times in the string.\n", c + 'a', count[c]);
}
getch();
}
@programming_and_coding

100. Program to count total number of uppercase and lowercase in a string.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
int upper = 0, lower = 0;
char ch[80];
int i;
clrscr();

printf("Enter string : ");
gets(ch);

i = 0;
while (ch[i] != '\0')
{
//uppercase counter
if (ch[i] >= 'A' && ch[i] <= 'Z')
{
upper++;
}

//lowercase counter
if (ch[i] >= 'a' && ch[i] <= 'z')
{
lower++;
}

i++;
}

printf("\nUppercase Letters : %d", upper);
printf("\nLowercase Letters : %d", lower);

getch();
}
@programming_and_coding

101. Program to calculate the length of string.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>

void main()
{
char a[100];
int length;
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter a string to calculate it's length : ");
gets(a);

length = strlen(a);

printf("\nLength of entered string is : %d", length);

getch();
}
@programming_and_coding

Oxford book
Data_structure using c language

#Data_Structure

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Update 5

102. Program to calculate the length of string without using strlen() function.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>

void main()
{
char s[1000], i;
clrscr();

printf("Enter a string : ");
scanf("%s", s);


for (i = 0; s[i] != '\0'; ++i);

printf("Length of string : %d", i);
getch();
}

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