តើអ្វីទៅជា CBDC?

CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) គឺដូចជាលុយឌីជីថលដែលបង្កើតឡើងដោយធនាគារកណ្តាលរបស់ប្រទេស។ ស្រមៃមើលលុយដែលអ្នកមាននៅក្នុងធនាគារជ្រូករបស់អ្នក ប៉ុន្តែជំនួសឱ្យកាក់ ឬក្រដាស វាត្រូវបានរក្សាទុកនៅលើកុំព្យូទ័រ។ ធនាគារកណ្តាលបង្កើ
ត និងគ្រប់គ្រងលុយឌីជីថលនេះ ដើម្បីធ្វើឱ្យការទិញ និងលក់អ្វីៗកាន់តែងាយស្រួល និងមានសុវត្ថិភាពជាងមុន។

ហានិភ័យនៃការប្រើប្រាស់ CBDC (រូបិយប័ណ្ណឌីជីថលរបស់ធនាគារកណ្តាល) រួមមាន:

- ហានិភ័យឯកជនភាព៖ ធនាគារកណ្តាលអាចត្រួតពិនិត្យ និងតាមដានរាល់ប្រតិបត្តិការទាំងអស់ ដែលនាំឱ្យមានការព្រួយបារម្ភអំពីភាពឯកជនផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុផ្ទាល់ខ្លួន។

- ការគំរាមកំហែងផ្នែកសុវត្ថិភាពតាមអ៊ីនធឺណិត៖ រូបិយប័ណ្ណឌីជីថលអាចងាយរងគ្រោះទៅនឹងការលួចចូល ការវាយប្រហារតាមអ៊ីនធឺណិត និងបញ្ហាបច្ចេកទេស ដោយប្រថុយនឹងការបាត់បង់មូលនិធិ។

- ការមិនរាប់បញ្ចូលផ្នែកហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ៖ មនុស្សដែលគ្មានសិទ្ធិចូលប្រើបច្ចេកវិទ្យាឌីជីថល ឬអ៊ីនធឺណិតអាចនឹងត្រូវបានដកចេញពីការប្រើប្រាស់ CBDC ដែលបង្កើនវិសមភាព។

- ផលប៉ះពាល់ប្រព័ន្ធធនាគារ៖ ការទទួលយកយ៉ាងទូលំទូលាយនៃ CBDC អាចកាត់បន្ថយតួនាទីរបស់ធនាគារបែបប្រពៃណី ដែលអាចប៉ះពាល់ដល់ស្ថិរភាព និងប្រាក់ចំណេញរបស់ពួកគេ។

- ហានិភ័យប្រតិបត្តិការ៖ ការអនុវត្ត និងគ្រប់គ្រងប្រព័ន្ធ CBDC ពាក់ព័ន្ធនឹងបញ្ហាប្រឈមផ្នែកបច្ចេកវិទ្យា និងប្រតិបត្តិការដ៏ស្មុគស្មាញ ដែលអាចនាំឱ្យមានការរំខាន ឬបរាជ័យ។

- ស្ថិរភាពសេដ្ឋកិច្ច៖ ការផ្លាស់ប្តូរយ៉ាងឆាប់រហ័សក្នុងការប្រើប្រាស់ និងផ្លាស់ប្តូរប្រាក់អាចប៉ះពាល់ដល់ស្ថិរភាពទាំងមូលនៃប្រព័ន្ធហិរញ្ញវត្ថុ ដែលអាចធ្វើឱ្យមានការរំខានផ្នែកសេដ្ឋកិច្ច។

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ការសង្ខេបរបាយការណ៍ពាក់កណ្តាលឆ្នាំ 2024 របស់ Binance Research

* Following a strong 2023, total crypto market capitalization continued its climb in the first half of 2024, ending the period at about US$2.27T, representing a 37.3% growth year-to-date. The gains were front-loaded in the first quarter of the year, which saw a significant 60.2% increase. The second quarter was relatively more challenging, as the crypto market reversed some of the gains and fell by 14.3%.

* Layer-1s (“L1s”) have had a strong start to the year, with Bitcoin continuing to gain market dominance following the fourth Bitcoin Halving, the launch of the Runes Protocol, and the approval of the U.S. spot ETFs (which have attracted over US$14B of inflows so far). Ethereum saw a restaking explosion and the EIP-4844 update, BNB Chain continued work on opBNB and Greenfield, while Solana excelled in the memecoin space and launched blockchain links (“blinks”).

* The first half of 2024 has been the season of airdrops in the Layer-2 (“L2”) world, especially for the zero knowledge (“zk”) projects. The promise of incentives has brought large inflows of capital onto the L2 chains, bringing the total value locked in L2s to US$43B. This represents a 90% increase in total value locked (“TVL”) within just the first 6 months. 

* 2024 has seen a substantial influx of capital into Decentralized Finance (“DeFi”), driving the TVL up 72.8% year-to-date (“YTD”) to US$94.1B, from US$54.4B at the year's start. This boost has benefited nearly every DeFi sector, across both major and niche markets, leading to the emergence of protocols that are making previously inaccessible financial primitives available on-chain.

* The stablecoins market has staged a notable turnaround, and we are now just 14.5% shy of the peak in April 2022, just before the crash of TerraUSD (UST). As of June 30, 2024, stablecoins market capitalization was US$161B, representing a 2-year high. While Tether’s USDT continues to dominate, Circle’s USDC and Ethena’s USDe have seen increases in market share.

* NFT markets had a turbulent first half, with sales volumes declining and major projects experiencing 50%+ declines in floor price. Blur continued its dominance, spurred on by the Blast token airdrop, while Pudgy Penguins saw some success with their physical toys. Bitcoin NFTs also continued to shine. 

* SocialFi continued to see development, with Lens Protocol announcing their upcoming zk chain, Lens Network. Farcaster saw continued user growth following the launch of Frames, while friend.tech released their token and v2. The Fantasy.top trading card game was also a notable highlight. 

* The Web3 gaming sector had a strong Q1, but Q2 saw gaming project tokens drop significantly in market capitalization alongside the rest of the altcoin market. In contrast to falling prices however, user growth metrics have been healthier than ever with projects like Pixels and Hamster Kombat managing to attract large numbers of players with the promise of token airdrops. 

* Other notable areas include memecoins, artificial intelligence (“AI”) and decentralized physical infrastructure networks (“DePIN”). These sectors have continued to see strong interest from investors and the broader community in the first half of 2024.

* Moving into the second half of 2024, six key themes are particularly exciting to us, and we anticipate significant progress in these areas throughout the year. These themes span various narratives and sectors, such as those related to the macro environment, Bitcoin ecosystem, ownership economy applications, real-world assets (“RWAs”), and more.

សម្រាប់របាយការណ៍ពេញលេញ: តំណភ្ជាប់

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