Plc Programming and Software
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PLC
They are based on the Boolean logic operations whereas some models use timers and some have continuous control. These devices are computer based and are used to control various process and equipments within a facility. PLCs control the components in the DCS and SCADA systems but they are primary components in smaller control configurations.
DCS
Distributed Control Systems consists of decentralized elements and all the processes are controlled by these elements. Human interaction is minimized so the labor costs and injuries can be reduced.
Embedded Control
In this control system, small components are attached to the industrial computer system with the help of a network and control is exercised.
SCADA
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition refers to a centralized system and this system is composed of various subsystems like Remote Telemetry Units, Human Machine Interface, Programmable Logic Controller or PLC and Communications.
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Different Types of Voltage Level:
Rated Voltage

Nominal Voltage

Extra low Voltage

Low Voltage

Medium voltage

High Voltage

Extra High Voltage
Rated Voltage:

The maximum standard voltage that can be produced by a generating station is called rated voltage under safety margin. The rated voltage is typically said to be a generator’s maximum voltage.
Nominal Voltage:

The predermined system voltage is called nominal voltage. i.e an alternator has designed to produce 11kV + or – 5% but it produces 11. 1 kV means the nominal voltage of the alternator is 11kV and The rated voltage is 11.1kV. We cannot accurately maintain the alternator to operate in nominal voltage.
The Voltage level of below 70Volts is called Extra low voltage. The human can touch the line and it does not harm.

Example: Electronics instrument axillary supply
Medium Voltage

ANSI/IEEE 1585-2002 refers to: Medium Voltage (0.6kV – 33 kV) and IEEE Std 1623-2004 refers to: Devices rated to medium voltage (1 kV-33 kV). [It is assumed that this is ac.]

Note: The different manufactures have different voltage standards.

Example: Rural power transmission lines, Industrial power distribution
High Voltage:

The voltage level between 33kV to 220 kV is called High Voltage. Also the transmission line carries the high voltages is called high voltage transmission lines.

Example: heavy transmission towers
The extra high voltages will be added as per the consumer requirement. Typically, the voltage level between the 220kV to 760 kV is called Extra High voltages.
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Ultra High voltage:

The ultra-high voltage lines are nothing but a voltage level above 800kV is called Ultra high voltage.
create a pulse wave generator using ladder logic
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