hello friends
"this is informational message"
one of the our group member running
free plc course if anyone have any doubts about programming and other things related to automation so contact @milindbhavsar
hope they will give you good information
"this is informational message"
one of the our group member running
free plc course if anyone have any doubts about programming and other things related to automation so contact @milindbhavsar
hope they will give you good information
please share if you know good institute of automation i am share if found suitable to our group members
those who are searching or looking for job please we aware
Different components of PLC include:
Input/output Modules: These are basically the modules, which depend on the input and the output commands given by the user.
Power Supply: As the name suggest; power supply is the work of supplying power to be specific supplying DC current, which operates the PLC.
Central Processing Unit (CPU As it is CPU, it will work as brain of the computer and will supply and store all the commands and the data given to the computer.
Co-processor Modules: These are set of different microcomputers, which can do different programmes. Their main aim is the function PLC more properly and appropriately.
Software: As the name suggests, software is the pioneer of PLC which stores and supplies all the commands and data to the PLC and Co-processors.
Peripheral Device : The peripheral device works for inputting data and other equipment which are needed to the monitor.
Input/output Modules: These are basically the modules, which depend on the input and the output commands given by the user.
Power Supply: As the name suggest; power supply is the work of supplying power to be specific supplying DC current, which operates the PLC.
Central Processing Unit (CPU As it is CPU, it will work as brain of the computer and will supply and store all the commands and the data given to the computer.
Co-processor Modules: These are set of different microcomputers, which can do different programmes. Their main aim is the function PLC more properly and appropriately.
Software: As the name suggests, software is the pioneer of PLC which stores and supplies all the commands and data to the PLC and Co-processors.
Peripheral Device : The peripheral device works for inputting data and other equipment which are needed to the monitor.
The programming languages used in PLCs are:
Instruction List Programming
Structured Text Programming
Functional Block Programming
Ladder Logic Programming
Sequential Functional Chart
PLCs were invented much earlier than DCS.
PLCs are used for electrochemical processors while DCS are used for Pneumatic/Single Loop Controls.
PLCs have generally fixed scan time while the scan time for DCS is adjustable.
PLCs are used for discrete controls and DCS are used for regulatory controls.
RS Linx software is generally a communicator between programming devices and the controllers themselves. It acts as a link between the both and hence it is extremely useful to pass commands. It can not only configure communication drivers but also view the already configured drivers and the active nodes. Tasks, which enable communication, are its forte. RS Linx software is renowned for performing tasks such as downloading, uploading, updating firmware, going online, sending messages and more.
Use of a 4-20 ma signal results in easy detection of a cable break by the PLC. This is because it only returns 0 ma. On using a 0-20 ma signal, the PLC loses its ability to detect any cable break. Since the return value is 0 ma which is the same as input, the PLC thinks that the signal is working perfectly. That is why 4-20 ma is preferred over 0-20 ma.
non modular PLCs the processor will have inbuilt power supply and I/Os in one unit. The modular PLC, will have separate slots for components like Power supply, I/O modules. You can select the I/Os or power supply as per the need.
Scan time is the Time required to read the I/P, Process the logic and update the output in one cycle.
DCS: The system uses multiple processors, has a central database and the functionality is distributed. That is the controller sub system performs the control functions, the history node connects the data, the IMS node gives reports, the operator station gives a good HMI, the engineering station allows engineering changes to be made.
PLC: The system has processor & I/O’s and some functional units like basic modules, communication modules and so on. Uses a SCADA for visualization. Generally the SCADA does not use a central database
Dick Morley is called as the father of the programmable logic controller (PLC).
In 1968, under his study, he has created and developed the first of industrial PLC i.e. Modicon PLC. The first Modicon PLC is built for General Motors.
Modbus is a communication protocol developed by Modicon systems. In simple terms, it is a method used for transmitting information over serial lines between electronic devices. The device requesting the information is called the Modbus Master and the devices supplying information are Modbus Slaves. In a standard Modbus network, there is one Master and up to 247 Slaves, each with a unique Slave Address from 1 to 247. The Master can also write information to the Slaves.
what is profibus
what is profinet
how to connect two plc or more
how many type of protocol used in plc networking
what is PID and used
what is analog module and how to convert
what is RTD module
what is imcc
difference between motor and blower
how many type instruments used in motor protection
how to program RDOL
how pressure gauge work
make a program of Traffic Light with showing timer value
condition
one timer use, manually enter timer value, continue timer running
above question is very helpful
Instruction List Programming
Structured Text Programming
Functional Block Programming
Ladder Logic Programming
Sequential Functional Chart
PLCs were invented much earlier than DCS.
PLCs are used for electrochemical processors while DCS are used for Pneumatic/Single Loop Controls.
PLCs have generally fixed scan time while the scan time for DCS is adjustable.
PLCs are used for discrete controls and DCS are used for regulatory controls.
RS Linx software is generally a communicator between programming devices and the controllers themselves. It acts as a link between the both and hence it is extremely useful to pass commands. It can not only configure communication drivers but also view the already configured drivers and the active nodes. Tasks, which enable communication, are its forte. RS Linx software is renowned for performing tasks such as downloading, uploading, updating firmware, going online, sending messages and more.
Use of a 4-20 ma signal results in easy detection of a cable break by the PLC. This is because it only returns 0 ma. On using a 0-20 ma signal, the PLC loses its ability to detect any cable break. Since the return value is 0 ma which is the same as input, the PLC thinks that the signal is working perfectly. That is why 4-20 ma is preferred over 0-20 ma.
non modular PLCs the processor will have inbuilt power supply and I/Os in one unit. The modular PLC, will have separate slots for components like Power supply, I/O modules. You can select the I/Os or power supply as per the need.
Scan time is the Time required to read the I/P, Process the logic and update the output in one cycle.
DCS: The system uses multiple processors, has a central database and the functionality is distributed. That is the controller sub system performs the control functions, the history node connects the data, the IMS node gives reports, the operator station gives a good HMI, the engineering station allows engineering changes to be made.
PLC: The system has processor & I/O’s and some functional units like basic modules, communication modules and so on. Uses a SCADA for visualization. Generally the SCADA does not use a central database
Dick Morley is called as the father of the programmable logic controller (PLC).
In 1968, under his study, he has created and developed the first of industrial PLC i.e. Modicon PLC. The first Modicon PLC is built for General Motors.
Modbus is a communication protocol developed by Modicon systems. In simple terms, it is a method used for transmitting information over serial lines between electronic devices. The device requesting the information is called the Modbus Master and the devices supplying information are Modbus Slaves. In a standard Modbus network, there is one Master and up to 247 Slaves, each with a unique Slave Address from 1 to 247. The Master can also write information to the Slaves.
what is profibus
what is profinet
how to connect two plc or more
how many type of protocol used in plc networking
what is PID and used
what is analog module and how to convert
what is RTD module
what is imcc
difference between motor and blower
how many type instruments used in motor protection
how to program RDOL
how pressure gauge work
make a program of Traffic Light with showing timer value
condition
one timer use, manually enter timer value, continue timer running
above question is very helpful
👍2❤1
OPC is a software interface standard that allows Windows programs to communicate with industrial hardware devices. OPC is implemented in server/client pairs. The OPC server is a software program that converts the hardware communication protocol used by a PLC into the OPC protocol.
When the standard was first released in 1996, its purpose was to abstract PLC specific protocols (such as Modbus, Profibus, etc.) into a standardized interface allowing HMI/SCADA systems to interface with a “middle-man” who would convert generic-OPC read/write requests into device-specific requests and vice-versa. As a result, an entire cottage industry of products emerged allowing end-users to implement systems using best-of-breed products all seamlessly interacting via OPC.
OPC UA (Unified Architecture)
OPC DA (Data Access) not compatible with multi-platform.
OPC UA (Unified Architecture) is a cross-platform protocol for machine to machine communication like English and on the other
OPC stands for OLE (object linking and embedding) for process control and it is a client-server based communication.
A Series of standards and specifications are developed for industrial telecommunication, which is commonly known as Open Platform Communications (OPC).
DA (Data Access), AE (Alarm and Events), HAD (Historical Data Access), XML DA (XML Data Access), AND DX (Data Exchange),OPC UA (Unified Architecture).
When the standard was first released in 1996, its purpose was to abstract PLC specific protocols (such as Modbus, Profibus, etc.) into a standardized interface allowing HMI/SCADA systems to interface with a “middle-man” who would convert generic-OPC read/write requests into device-specific requests and vice-versa. As a result, an entire cottage industry of products emerged allowing end-users to implement systems using best-of-breed products all seamlessly interacting via OPC.
OPC UA (Unified Architecture)
OPC DA (Data Access) not compatible with multi-platform.
OPC UA (Unified Architecture) is a cross-platform protocol for machine to machine communication like English and on the other
OPC stands for OLE (object linking and embedding) for process control and it is a client-server based communication.
A Series of standards and specifications are developed for industrial telecommunication, which is commonly known as Open Platform Communications (OPC).
DA (Data Access), AE (Alarm and Events), HAD (Historical Data Access), XML DA (XML Data Access), AND DX (Data Exchange),OPC UA (Unified Architecture).
❤1👍1
DF-1 / DF1 protocol is an asynchronous byte-oriented protocol that is used to communicate with most Allen Bradley RS232 interface modules. DF1 protocol consists of link layer and application layer formats. DF1 works over half duplex and full duplex modes of communication.
you can make your scada software using visual c#
Resistance Temperature Detector or RTD | Construction and Working Principle
Resistance Thermometer or Resistance Temperature Detector is a device which used to determine the temperature by measuring the resistance of pure electrical wire. This wire is referred to as a temperature sensor. If we want to measure temperature with high accuracy, RTD is the only one solution in industries. It has good linear characteristics over a wide range of temperature.
In RTD devices; Copper, Nickel and Platinum are widely used metals. These three metals are having different resistance variations with respective to the temperature variations. That is called resistance-temperature characteristics. Platinum has the temperature range of 650oC, and then the Copper and Nickel have 120oC and 300oC respectively.
PLC Communications
PLCs need to communicate to a number of different devices. First, there are devices which are part and parcel of the PLC, such as remote I/O. Next, are other PLCs and control devices, such as motor drives and servo controllers. Communication with some type of operator interface device is also often required, as is Internet connectivity. Finally, PLCs often communicate to server level PCs running various manufacturing related applications.
All of these communications require two things:
a physical connection or layer, which is the wiring and connection components, and
a shared protocol, which is the common language allowing each device to understand what the bits and bytes in the communication messages mean.
A protocol is a set of rules for communication among networked devices. Some common protocols used in the industrial arena include:
Modbus RTU
EtherNet/IP
Ethernet TCP/IP
Modbus TCP/IP
Profinet
you can make your scada software using visual c#
Resistance Temperature Detector or RTD | Construction and Working Principle
Resistance Thermometer or Resistance Temperature Detector is a device which used to determine the temperature by measuring the resistance of pure electrical wire. This wire is referred to as a temperature sensor. If we want to measure temperature with high accuracy, RTD is the only one solution in industries. It has good linear characteristics over a wide range of temperature.
In RTD devices; Copper, Nickel and Platinum are widely used metals. These three metals are having different resistance variations with respective to the temperature variations. That is called resistance-temperature characteristics. Platinum has the temperature range of 650oC, and then the Copper and Nickel have 120oC and 300oC respectively.
PLC Communications
PLCs need to communicate to a number of different devices. First, there are devices which are part and parcel of the PLC, such as remote I/O. Next, are other PLCs and control devices, such as motor drives and servo controllers. Communication with some type of operator interface device is also often required, as is Internet connectivity. Finally, PLCs often communicate to server level PCs running various manufacturing related applications.
All of these communications require two things:
a physical connection or layer, which is the wiring and connection components, and
a shared protocol, which is the common language allowing each device to understand what the bits and bytes in the communication messages mean.
A protocol is a set of rules for communication among networked devices. Some common protocols used in the industrial arena include:
Modbus RTU
EtherNet/IP
Ethernet TCP/IP
Modbus TCP/IP
Profinet
❤1
interview questions about Siemens
what is ladder logic ?
what is "STL"
what is FBD
how to connect third party scada
what is use of PG/PC interface
how to program RDOL
how to analog module perform operation
how many times of timer used in step 7
how to perform word processing
how to call blocks in step7
how many type of blocks in step 7
what is difference between step7 and tia portal
how to configure web server
how to configure web server over iis 7
how many types of protocol used in siemen plc
what is mac address
what is difference between hardlogic and softlogic
what is digital input address and how to assign
difference between memory bit and input bit
how pid works
how to add script in hmi
what is ladder logic ?
what is "STL"
what is FBD
how to connect third party scada
what is use of PG/PC interface
how to program RDOL
how to analog module perform operation
how many times of timer used in step 7
how to perform word processing
how to call blocks in step7
how many type of blocks in step 7
what is difference between step7 and tia portal
how to configure web server
how to configure web server over iis 7
how many types of protocol used in siemen plc
what is mac address
what is difference between hardlogic and softlogic
what is digital input address and how to assign
difference between memory bit and input bit
how pid works
how to add script in hmi
👍1
1. MATLAB (Software for Numerical Computing)
MATLAB (MATrix LABarotary) is the most popular electrical engineering software among Electrical Engineering students. It was launched in 1983 by Mathworks Inc. and was one of the first commercial packages for linear algebra. It has evolved over time and has become the most comprehensive software for Numerical Computing, Dyanimc System Simulations, Algebraic Solutions, Symbolic Mathematics etc. It contains add-on packages (called Toolboxes) for various functionalities. Toolboxes provide built-in functions to perform numerical computations including but not limited to Ordinary & Partial Differential Equations, Optimization, Linear System Implementation, Linear Algebra, Control System Design, System Identification, Curve Fitting.
The programing language used in MATLAB (The software package) is also called Matlab. Matlab is a high-level programming language, it contains a good number of built-in functions to efficiently deal with matrices, numerical computations, symbolic mathematics etc.
2. Simulink (GUI based software for Dynamic System Simulation)
3. Pspice (Electrical Schematic Software)
OrCAD EE PSpice is a SPICE circuit simulator application for simulation and verification of analog and mixed-signal circuits. PSpice is an acronym for Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis.
OrCAD EE typically runs simulations for circuits defined in OrCAD Capture, and can optionally integrate with MATLAB/Simulink, using the Simulink to PSpice Interface (SLPS). OrCAD Capture and PSpice Designer together provide a complete circuit simulation and verification solution with schematic entry, native analog, mixed-signal, and analysis engines.
PSpice was a modified version of the academically developed SPICE, and was commercialized by MicroSim in 1984. MicroSim was purchased by OrCAD a decade later in 1998.
The PSpice Advanced Analysis simulation capabilities cover various analyses- Sensitivity, Monte Carlo, Smoke (Stress), Optimizer, and Parametric Plotter providing in-depth understanding of circuit performance beyond basic validation. The OrCAD PSpice Simulink- PSpice Integration(SLPS) provides co-simulation and helps verify system-level behavior.
4. Multisim (Circuit Simulation & PCB Design Software)
Multisim integrates industry-standard SPICE simulation with an interactive schematic environment to instantly visualize and analyze electronic circuit behavior. Its intuitive interface helps educators reinforce circuit theory and improve retention of theory throughout engineering curriculum. By adding powerful circuit simulation and analyses to the design flow, Multisim helps researchers and designers reduce printed circuit board (PCB) prototype iterations and save development costs.
5. ETAP (Software for Electrical Power Systems)
ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) is a full spectrum analytical electrical engineering software company specializing in the analysis, simulation, monitoring, control, optimization, and automation of electrical power systems. ETAP software offers the best and most comprehensive suite of integrated power system enterprise solution that spans from modelling to operation.
Various toolbars in ETAP provide functionality provide almost all the analyses needed to design, regulation and operation of a power system. ETAP can be used to perform Power Flow Analysis, Relay Coordination & Protection design, control system design, optimal power flow.
6. Power World Simulator (Visual power system analysis software)
PowerWorld Simulator is an interactive power system simulation package designed to simulate high voltage power system operation on a time frame ranging from several minutes to several days. The software contains a highly effective power flow analysis package capable of efficiently solving systems of up to 250,000 buses.
The functionality of PowerWorld Simulator can be increased by adding serveral additional add-on to the base simulator package. The add-ons can be used for Distributed Computing, adding the effect of Geomagnetically
MATLAB (MATrix LABarotary) is the most popular electrical engineering software among Electrical Engineering students. It was launched in 1983 by Mathworks Inc. and was one of the first commercial packages for linear algebra. It has evolved over time and has become the most comprehensive software for Numerical Computing, Dyanimc System Simulations, Algebraic Solutions, Symbolic Mathematics etc. It contains add-on packages (called Toolboxes) for various functionalities. Toolboxes provide built-in functions to perform numerical computations including but not limited to Ordinary & Partial Differential Equations, Optimization, Linear System Implementation, Linear Algebra, Control System Design, System Identification, Curve Fitting.
The programing language used in MATLAB (The software package) is also called Matlab. Matlab is a high-level programming language, it contains a good number of built-in functions to efficiently deal with matrices, numerical computations, symbolic mathematics etc.
2. Simulink (GUI based software for Dynamic System Simulation)
3. Pspice (Electrical Schematic Software)
OrCAD EE PSpice is a SPICE circuit simulator application for simulation and verification of analog and mixed-signal circuits. PSpice is an acronym for Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis.
OrCAD EE typically runs simulations for circuits defined in OrCAD Capture, and can optionally integrate with MATLAB/Simulink, using the Simulink to PSpice Interface (SLPS). OrCAD Capture and PSpice Designer together provide a complete circuit simulation and verification solution with schematic entry, native analog, mixed-signal, and analysis engines.
PSpice was a modified version of the academically developed SPICE, and was commercialized by MicroSim in 1984. MicroSim was purchased by OrCAD a decade later in 1998.
The PSpice Advanced Analysis simulation capabilities cover various analyses- Sensitivity, Monte Carlo, Smoke (Stress), Optimizer, and Parametric Plotter providing in-depth understanding of circuit performance beyond basic validation. The OrCAD PSpice Simulink- PSpice Integration(SLPS) provides co-simulation and helps verify system-level behavior.
4. Multisim (Circuit Simulation & PCB Design Software)
Multisim integrates industry-standard SPICE simulation with an interactive schematic environment to instantly visualize and analyze electronic circuit behavior. Its intuitive interface helps educators reinforce circuit theory and improve retention of theory throughout engineering curriculum. By adding powerful circuit simulation and analyses to the design flow, Multisim helps researchers and designers reduce printed circuit board (PCB) prototype iterations and save development costs.
5. ETAP (Software for Electrical Power Systems)
ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) is a full spectrum analytical electrical engineering software company specializing in the analysis, simulation, monitoring, control, optimization, and automation of electrical power systems. ETAP software offers the best and most comprehensive suite of integrated power system enterprise solution that spans from modelling to operation.
Various toolbars in ETAP provide functionality provide almost all the analyses needed to design, regulation and operation of a power system. ETAP can be used to perform Power Flow Analysis, Relay Coordination & Protection design, control system design, optimal power flow.
6. Power World Simulator (Visual power system analysis software)
PowerWorld Simulator is an interactive power system simulation package designed to simulate high voltage power system operation on a time frame ranging from several minutes to several days. The software contains a highly effective power flow analysis package capable of efficiently solving systems of up to 250,000 buses.
The functionality of PowerWorld Simulator can be increased by adding serveral additional add-on to the base simulator package. The add-ons can be used for Distributed Computing, adding the effect of Geomagnetically
Induced Currents (GIC), Integrated topology processing, optimal power flow, transient stability, voltage stability (PVQV) and many more.
7. PSCAD (Electromagnetic Transient Analysis Software)
PSCAD is an electrical engineering software package for electromagnetic transient analysis in power systems. It is developed by Manitoba Hydro Int. Ltd. based on the slogan “If you can dream it, you can simulate it“.
As power systems evolve, the need for accurate, intuitive simulation tools becomes more and more important. With PSCAD™/EMTDC™ you can build, simulate, and model your systems with ease, providing limitless possibilities in power system simulation. Included is a comprehensive library of system models ranging from simple passive elements and control functions to electric machines and other complex devices.
8. PSS/E (Power System Simulator for Engineers)
PSSE is used by planning and operations engineers, consultants, universities, and research labs around the world. PSSE allows you to perform a wide variety of analysis functions, including power flow, dynamics, short circuit, contingency analysis, optimal power flow, voltage stability, transient stability simulation, and much more.
9. LabVIEW (Designing Interfacing and HMIs)
LabVIEW (Laborartory Virtual Instruments Engineering Workbench) is a systems engineering software for applications that require test, measurement, and control with rapid access to hardware and data insights.
The LabVIEW software offers a graphical programming approach that helps you visualize every aspect of your application, including hardware configuration, measurement data, and debugging. This visualization makes it simple to integrate measurement hardware from any vendor, represent complex logic on the diagram, develop data analysis algorithms, and design custom engineering user interfaces.
10. AutoCAD Electrical
Electrical CAD software for electrical engineers to create industry-specific control system documents.
EPLAN Electric P8: Power for electrical planning and engineering
EPLAN Electric P8 offers unlimited possibilities for project planning, documentation, and management of automation projects. The automatic production of detailed reports based on wiring diagrams is an integral part of a comprehensive documentation system and provides subsequent phases of the project, such as production, assembly, commissioning and service with the data required. Engineering data from other project areas can be exchanged via interfaces with the CAE software, thus guaranteeing consistency and integration throughout the entire product development process.
You determine the method of operation
Project documentation – quantity and quality
Concentrating on essentials
Variant engineering – innovative, powerful and impressive
Internationally standardised and continuously localised
Added value at a glance
7. PSCAD (Electromagnetic Transient Analysis Software)
PSCAD is an electrical engineering software package for electromagnetic transient analysis in power systems. It is developed by Manitoba Hydro Int. Ltd. based on the slogan “If you can dream it, you can simulate it“.
As power systems evolve, the need for accurate, intuitive simulation tools becomes more and more important. With PSCAD™/EMTDC™ you can build, simulate, and model your systems with ease, providing limitless possibilities in power system simulation. Included is a comprehensive library of system models ranging from simple passive elements and control functions to electric machines and other complex devices.
8. PSS/E (Power System Simulator for Engineers)
PSSE is used by planning and operations engineers, consultants, universities, and research labs around the world. PSSE allows you to perform a wide variety of analysis functions, including power flow, dynamics, short circuit, contingency analysis, optimal power flow, voltage stability, transient stability simulation, and much more.
9. LabVIEW (Designing Interfacing and HMIs)
LabVIEW (Laborartory Virtual Instruments Engineering Workbench) is a systems engineering software for applications that require test, measurement, and control with rapid access to hardware and data insights.
The LabVIEW software offers a graphical programming approach that helps you visualize every aspect of your application, including hardware configuration, measurement data, and debugging. This visualization makes it simple to integrate measurement hardware from any vendor, represent complex logic on the diagram, develop data analysis algorithms, and design custom engineering user interfaces.
10. AutoCAD Electrical
Electrical CAD software for electrical engineers to create industry-specific control system documents.
EPLAN Electric P8: Power for electrical planning and engineering
EPLAN Electric P8 offers unlimited possibilities for project planning, documentation, and management of automation projects. The automatic production of detailed reports based on wiring diagrams is an integral part of a comprehensive documentation system and provides subsequent phases of the project, such as production, assembly, commissioning and service with the data required. Engineering data from other project areas can be exchanged via interfaces with the CAE software, thus guaranteeing consistency and integration throughout the entire product development process.
You determine the method of operation
Project documentation – quantity and quality
Concentrating on essentials
Variant engineering – innovative, powerful and impressive
Internationally standardised and continuously localised
Added value at a glance
Actigraphy
Air pollution sensor
Analog image processing
Atomic force microscopy
Atomic Gravitational Wave Interferometric Sensor
Attitude control (spacecraft): Horizon sensor, Earth sensor, Sun sensor
Catadioptric sensor
Chemoreceptor
Compressive sensing
Cryogenic particle detectors
Dew warning
Diffusion tensor imaging
Digital holography
Electronic tongue
Fine Guidance Sensor
Flat panel detector
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Glass break detector
Heartbeat sensor
Hyperspectral sensors
IRIS (Biosensor), Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor
Laser beam profiler
Littoral Airborne Sensor/Hyperspectral
LORROS
Millimeter wave scanner
Magnetic resonance imaging
Moire deflectometry
Molecular sensor
Nanosensor
Nano-tetherball Sensor
Omnidirectional camera
Organoleptic sensors
Optical coherence tomography
Phase unwrapping techniques
Polygraph Truth Detection
Positron emission tomography
Push broom scanner
Quantization (signal processing)
Range imaging
Scanning SQUID microscope
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
Smartdust
SQUID, Superconducting quantum interference device
SSIES, Special Sensors-Ions, Electrons, and Scintillation thermal plasma analysis package
SSMIS, Special Sensor Microwave Imager / Sounder
Structured-light 3D scanner
Sun sensor, Attitude control (spacecraft)
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
Thin-film thickness monitor
Time-of-flight camera
TriDAR, Triangulation and LIDAR Automated Rendezvous and Docking
Unattended Ground Sensors
Air pollution sensor
Analog image processing
Atomic force microscopy
Atomic Gravitational Wave Interferometric Sensor
Attitude control (spacecraft): Horizon sensor, Earth sensor, Sun sensor
Catadioptric sensor
Chemoreceptor
Compressive sensing
Cryogenic particle detectors
Dew warning
Diffusion tensor imaging
Digital holography
Electronic tongue
Fine Guidance Sensor
Flat panel detector
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Glass break detector
Heartbeat sensor
Hyperspectral sensors
IRIS (Biosensor), Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor
Laser beam profiler
Littoral Airborne Sensor/Hyperspectral
LORROS
Millimeter wave scanner
Magnetic resonance imaging
Moire deflectometry
Molecular sensor
Nanosensor
Nano-tetherball Sensor
Omnidirectional camera
Organoleptic sensors
Optical coherence tomography
Phase unwrapping techniques
Polygraph Truth Detection
Positron emission tomography
Push broom scanner
Quantization (signal processing)
Range imaging
Scanning SQUID microscope
Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT)
Smartdust
SQUID, Superconducting quantum interference device
SSIES, Special Sensors-Ions, Electrons, and Scintillation thermal plasma analysis package
SSMIS, Special Sensor Microwave Imager / Sounder
Structured-light 3D scanner
Sun sensor, Attitude control (spacecraft)
Superconducting nanowire single-photon detector
Thin-film thickness monitor
Time-of-flight camera
TriDAR, Triangulation and LIDAR Automated Rendezvous and Docking
Unattended Ground Sensors
❤1
Beckhoff TwinCAT software system turns almost any PC-based system into a real-time control with multiple PLC, NC, CNC and/or robotics runtime systems.
download part1 to part 2
windows 7 and windows10
download part1 to part 2
windows 7 and windows10