Glyph Lefkowitz: Opaque Types in Python
Link: https://blog.glyph.im/2026/05/opaque-types-in-python.html
Let’s say you’re writing a Python library.
In this library, you have some collection of state that represents “options” or
“configuration” for a bunch of operations. Such a set of options is a bundle
Link: https://blog.glyph.im/2026/05/opaque-types-in-python.html
Let’s say you’re writing a Python library.
In this library, you have some collection of state that represents “options” or
“configuration” for a bunch of operations. Such a set of options is a bundle
blog.glyph.im
Opaque Types in Python
A proposed technique for exposing an opaque data structure with idiomatic modern Python.
Real Python: Quiz: Build a Tic-Tac-Toe Game With Python and Tkinter
Link: https://realpython.com/quizzes/tic-tac-toe-python/
In this quiz, you’ll test your understanding of
Build a Tic-Tac-Toe Game With Python and Tkinter.
By working through this quiz, you’ll revisit how to design game logic with Python classes, lay out and
Link: https://realpython.com/quizzes/tic-tac-toe-python/
In this quiz, you’ll test your understanding of
Build a Tic-Tac-Toe Game With Python and Tkinter.
By working through this quiz, you’ll revisit how to design game logic with Python classes, lay out and
Realpython
Build a Tic-Tac-Toe Game With Python and Tkinter Quiz – Real Python
Test your Tkinter skills by building a tic-tac-toe game with widgets, event handling, layouts, and the model-view-controller pattern in Python.
Real Python: The Real Python Podcast – Episode #296: Managing Polars Schema Issues & Profiling GitHub Users
Link: https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/296/
How can you avoid schema problems in your Polars data pipeline when adding new columns? How can you quickly examine a GitHub user's profile to decide how much to invest in their contributions? Christo
Link: https://realpython.com/podcasts/rpp/296/
How can you avoid schema problems in your Polars data pipeline when adding new columns? How can you quickly examine a GitHub user's profile to decide how much to invest in their contributions? Christo
Realpython
Episode #296: Managing Polars Schema Issues & Profiling GitHub Users – The Real Python Podcast
How can you avoid schema problems in your Polars data pipeline when adding new columns? How can you quickly examine a GitHub user's profile to decide how much to invest in their contributions? Christopher Trudeau is back on the show this week with another…
Python Morsels: What types of exceptions should you catch?
Link: https://www.pythonmorsels.com/what-types-of-exceptions-should-you-catch/
The trickiest programming bugs are often caused by catching exceptions that you didn't mean to catch or handling exceptions in ways that **obfuscate the actual error that's occurring. Which exceptions
Link: https://www.pythonmorsels.com/what-types-of-exceptions-should-you-catch/
The trickiest programming bugs are often caused by catching exceptions that you didn't mean to catch or handling exceptions in ways that **obfuscate the actual error that's occurring. Which exceptions
Pythonmorsels
What types of exceptions should you catch?
The trickiest programming bugs are often caused by catching exceptions that you didn't mean to catch or handling exceptions in ways that obfuscate the actual error that's occurring. Which exceptions should you catch and which should you leave unhandled?
Bob Belderbos: What production AI agents actually require
Link: https://belderbos.dev/blog/production-ai-agents-real-workflows/
Most "AI agents" shipping right now are demos wearing production paint. They answer questions fluently and break the moment they touch a workflow with money, state, or consequences.
The agent illusion
Link: https://belderbos.dev/blog/production-ai-agents-real-workflows/
Most "AI agents" shipping right now are demos wearing production paint. They answer questions fluently and break the moment they touch a workflow with money, state, or consequences.
The agent illusion
belderbos.dev
What production AI agents actually require
Chatting is easy. Executing real business logic with audit trails, approvals, and rollback is where most AI agents break. Here is what to build.
EuroPython: Call for Onsite Volunteers: Make EuroPython 2026 Happen
Link: https://blog.europython.eu/make-europython-2026-happen/
We need volunteers to make EuroPython 2026 happen. And you might be exactly who we&aposre looking for!Before sharing all the information, here is a personal story from me:
The first time I attended Eu
Link: https://blog.europython.eu/make-europython-2026-happen/
We need volunteers to make EuroPython 2026 happen. And you might be exactly who we&aposre looking for!Before sharing all the information, here is a personal story from me:
The first time I attended Eu
EuroPython Blog
Call for Onsite Volunteers: Make EuroPython 2026 Happen
We need volunteers to make EuroPython 2026 happen. And you might be exactly who we're looking for! No experience necessary. You don't need to be a Python expert. You just need to care about the community and be willing to help out.
Bob Belderbos: A 500 That Survived Ten Successful Deploys
Link: https://belderbos.dev/blog/500-survived-ten-successful-deploys/
A specific page returns 500. Other pages load. The site builds clean locally. All referenced images exist. Every internal link resolves. CI is green. It turns out the bug was introduced ten releases a
Link: https://belderbos.dev/blog/500-survived-ten-successful-deploys/
A specific page returns 500. Other pages load. The site builds clean locally. All referenced images exist. Every internal link resolves. CI is green. It turns out the bug was introduced ten releases a
belderbos.dev
A 500 That Survived Ten Successful Deploys
Page 500, clean local build, green CI. Tracing stale Cloudflare Pages state back ten releases and the lesson about silent failures.
Graham Dumpleton: Stateful decorators in wrapt
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/stateful-decorators-in-wrapt/
A new version of wrapt was released earlier this week. Version 2.2.0 introduces a small helper that makes it noticeably easier to write decorators that need to keep state across calls. It is the kind
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/stateful-decorators-in-wrapt/
A new version of wrapt was released earlier this week. Version 2.2.0 introduces a small helper that makes it noticeably easier to write decorators that need to keep state across calls. It is the kind
grahamdumpleton.me
Stateful decorators in wrapt - Graham Dumpleton
A walkthrough of the new bind_state_to_wrapper helper in wrapt 2.2.0 and how it makes stateful decorators in Python easier to write.
Graham Dumpleton: Per-instance lru_cache using wrapt
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/lru-cache-using-wrapt/
Following on from the previous post on stateful decorators, there is another small addition in wrapt 2.2.0 worth a closer look. A new wrapt.lru_cache helper has been added that fixes the long-standing
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/lru-cache-using-wrapt/
Following on from the previous post on stateful decorators, there is another small addition in wrapt 2.2.0 worth a closer look. A new wrapt.lru_cache helper has been added that fixes the long-standing
grahamdumpleton.me
Per-instance lru_cache using wrapt - Graham Dumpleton
How wrapt 2.2.0's lru_cache helper builds on top of functools.lru_cache to fix the issues with using it on instance methods.
Graham Dumpleton: Lazy monkey patching with wrapt
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/lazy-monkey-patching-with-wrapt/
This post is for the people who write APM agents, tracers, profilers, debuggers, and anything else that instruments Python code without asking the user to change it. Everyone else is welcome along.
Th
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/lazy-monkey-patching-with-wrapt/
This post is for the people who write APM agents, tracers, profilers, debuggers, and anything else that instruments Python code without asking the user to change it. Everyone else is welcome along.
Th
grahamdumpleton.me
Lazy monkey patching with wrapt - Graham Dumpleton
Deferred monkey patching has been in wrapt for years. Python 3.15's lazy imports make it the right default for instrumentation libraries.
Graham Dumpleton: Reshaping decorated functions with wrapt
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/reshaping-decorated-functions-with-wrapt/
Most decorators leave the function's outward shape alone. The same parameters go in, the same return type comes out, and inspect.signature and inspect.iscoroutinefunction give the same answers they wo
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/reshaping-decorated-functions-with-wrapt/
Most decorators leave the function's outward shape alone. The same parameters go in, the same return type comes out, and inspect.signature and inspect.iscoroutinefunction give the same answers they wo
grahamdumpleton.me
Reshaping decorated functions with wrapt - Graham Dumpleton
How wrapt 2.2.0 lets a decorator change what runtime introspection sees of a wrapped function's signature or calling convention.
Graham Dumpleton: Async support for wrapt.synchronized
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/async-support-for-wrapt-synchronized/
Continuing the tour through the wrapt 2.2.0 release, the last piece worth a closer look is the new async support in wrapt.synchronized. The decorator has been part of wrapt from the start, but until 2
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/async-support-for-wrapt-synchronized/
Continuing the tour through the wrapt 2.2.0 release, the last piece worth a closer look is the new async support in wrapt.synchronized. The decorator has been part of wrapt from the start, but until 2
grahamdumpleton.me
Async support for wrapt.synchronized - Graham Dumpleton
How wrapt 2.2.0 extends the synchronized decorator and context manager to async functions, and why reentrancy is not supported on the async side.
Armin Ronacher: Building Pi With Pi
Link: https://lucumr.pocoo.org/2026/5/24/pi-oss/
Pi is now part of Earendil, but in the important sense it is
still Mario’s project. He has been living with its
issue tracker longer than I have, and he has been exposed to the weirdness of
the new f
Link: https://lucumr.pocoo.org/2026/5/24/pi-oss/
Pi is now part of Earendil, but in the important sense it is
still Mario’s project. He has been living with its
issue tracker longer than I have, and he has been exposed to the weirdness of
the new f
Armin Ronacher's Thoughts and Writings
Building Pi With Pi
Learnings from post-AI Open Source and how we’re approaching this so far.
The Python Coding Stack: Stephen's Preface to Agents Unpacked
Link: https://www.thepythoncodingstack.com/p/stephens-preface-to-agents-unpacked-ai-agents
Like many, I started using chatbots when GPT whatever-version-it-was came out and took the world by storm. It was really not very good at the time (compared to today’s top-end chatbots), but it was cl
Link: https://www.thepythoncodingstack.com/p/stephens-preface-to-agents-unpacked-ai-agents
Like many, I started using chatbots when GPT whatever-version-it-was came out and took the world by storm. It was really not very good at the time (compared to today’s top-end chatbots), but it was cl
Thepythoncodingstack
Stephen's Preface to Agents Unpacked
Why I Build an Agent to Teach Me About Agents, Using My Own Teaching Style
The Python Coding Stack: Table of Contents • Agents Unpacked
Link: https://www.thepythoncodingstack.com/p/table-of-contents-agents-unpacked
Here’s the planned Table of Contents. This is likely to change as Priya and I work on this:Stephen’s Preface to Agents UnpackedPart I — The Mental ShiftChapter 1 — From Answer to OutcomeChapter 2 — An
Link: https://www.thepythoncodingstack.com/p/table-of-contents-agents-unpacked
Here’s the planned Table of Contents. This is likely to change as Priya and I work on this:Stephen’s Preface to Agents UnpackedPart I — The Mental ShiftChapter 1 — From Answer to OutcomeChapter 2 — An
Thepythoncodingstack
Table of Contents • Agents Unpacked
Here’s the planned Table of Contents.
The Python Coding Stack: 1. From Answer to Outcome
Link: https://www.thepythoncodingstack.com/p/understanding-ai-agents-from-answer-to-outcome
Something has shifted in how we use AI. We still talk about “chatbots” and “prompts” and “getting a good answer.” But underneath those familiar words, a different kind of system has been quietly takin
Link: https://www.thepythoncodingstack.com/p/understanding-ai-agents-from-answer-to-outcome
Something has shifted in how we use AI. We still talk about “chatbots” and “prompts” and “getting a good answer.” But underneath those familiar words, a different kind of system has been quietly takin
Thepythoncodingstack
1. From Answer to Outcome
Something has shifted in how we use AI.
Ned Batchelder: PyCon US 2026
Link: https://nedbatchelder.com/blog/202605/pycon_us_2026
Last week was PyCon US in Long Beach California. As always, it was a
jam-packed intense time. I’ll try to report on my experience. The videos aren’t
uploaded yet, but I’ll link to them later when they
Link: https://nedbatchelder.com/blog/202605/pycon_us_2026
Last week was PyCon US in Long Beach California. As always, it was a
jam-packed intense time. I’ll try to report on my experience. The videos aren’t
uploaded yet, but I’ll link to them later when they
Ned Batchelder
PyCon US 2026
Thoughts from PyCon US 2026 in Long Beach CA.
Graham Dumpleton: Per-interpreter GIL in mod_wsgi 6.0.0
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/per-interpreter-gil-in-mod-wsgi-6-0-0/
mod_wsgi 6.0.0 is currently available as a release candidate. You can install it from PyPI, or grab the source from the GitHub releases page. There is a significant amount of code cleanup behind this
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/per-interpreter-gil-in-mod-wsgi-6-0-0/
mod_wsgi 6.0.0 is currently available as a release candidate. You can install it from PyPI, or grab the source from the GitHub releases page. There is a significant amount of code cleanup behind this
grahamdumpleton.me
Per-interpreter GIL in mod_wsgi 6.0.0 - Graham Dumpleton
mod_wsgi 6.0.0 adds WSGIPerInterpreterGIL, an opt-in directive for running sub-interpreters with their own GIL (PEP 684) for parallel Python in one process.
Graham Dumpleton: Free-threading in mod_wsgi 6.0.0
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/free-threading-in-mod-wsgi-6-0-0/
The previous post in this series covered the new WSGIPerInterpreterGIL directive in mod_wsgi 6.0.0 and the PEP 684 per-interpreter GIL feature that landed in Python 3.12. This post is about its siblin
Link: https://grahamdumpleton.me/posts/2026/05/free-threading-in-mod-wsgi-6-0-0/
The previous post in this series covered the new WSGIPerInterpreterGIL directive in mod_wsgi 6.0.0 and the PEP 684 per-interpreter GIL feature that landed in Python 3.12. This post is about its siblin
grahamdumpleton.me
Free-threading in mod_wsgi 6.0.0 - Graham Dumpleton
mod_wsgi 6.0.0 adds WSGIFreeThreading, an opt-in directive for PEP 703 free-threaded Python. GIL-enabled mode remains the default even on free-threaded builds.
Real Python: Quiz: How to Make a Scatter Plot in Python With plt.scatter()
Link: https://realpython.com/quizzes/visualizing-python-plt-scatter/
In this quiz, you’ll test your understanding of
How to Make a Scatter Plot in Python With plt.scatter().
By working through this quiz, you’ll revisit how to use plt.scatter()
from Matplotlib’s pyplot
Link: https://realpython.com/quizzes/visualizing-python-plt-scatter/
In this quiz, you’ll test your understanding of
How to Make a Scatter Plot in Python With plt.scatter().
By working through this quiz, you’ll revisit how to use plt.scatter()
from Matplotlib’s pyplot
Realpython
How to Make a Scatter Plot in Python With plt.scatter() Quiz – Real Python
Practice using plt.scatter() in Python to create scatter plots and encode multiple variables with marker size, color, shape, and transparency.