📌Pharmacognosy
2️⃣nd Lec

📌 #Tech | 5️⃣th Lec
Tinctures (General) :
1. Tinctures are defined as alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from:
A. Animal tissues only
B. Vegetable materials or chemical substances
C. Purely synthetic minerals
D. Gaseous substances
Answer: B. Vegetable materials or chemical substances
2. What is the approximate alcohol content range in tinctures?
A. 5% to 10%
B. 10% to 20%
C. 15% to 80%
D. 90% to 100%
Answer: C. 15% to 80%
3. In tinctures, alcohol serves as a preservative against:
A. Oxidation
B. Microbial growth
C. Evaporation
D. Light decomposition
Answer: B. Microbial growth
4. Which of the following is a disadvantage of tinctures?
A. Easy to swallow
B. Low alcohol content
C. Unpleasant taste
D. Highly concentrated dose
Answer: C. Unpleasant taste
5. To protect tinctures from light and temperature, they must be stored in:
A. Clear plastic bottles
B. Light-resistant containers
C. Open beakers
D. Metal cans
Answer: B. Light-resistant containers
Section 2: Topical Tinctures (Examples)
6. Green Soap Tincture contains approximately how much Ethyl Alcohol?
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 70%
Answer: C. 30%
7. What is a primary use of Green Soap Tincture?
A. Oral supplement
B. Cleaning surgical instruments and skin after tattoos
C. Treatment of cough
D. Eye drops
Answer: B. Cleaning surgical instruments and skin after tattoos
8. Iodine Tincture is also known as:
A. Strong Iodine Solution
B. Weak Iodine Solution
C. Lugol's Solution
D. Povidone Solution
Answer: B. Weak Iodine Solution
9. Compound Benzoin Tincture (CTB) is prepared by which method?
A. Percolation
B. Simple solution
C. Maceration
D. Distillation
Answer: C. Maceration
10. Which tincture is used to protect the skin before applying adhesive bandages?
A. Iodine Tincture
B. Thimerosal Tincture
C. Compound Benzoin Tincture
D. Vanilla Tincture
Answer: C. Compound Benzoin Tincture
Section 3: Oral & Specific Tinctures
11. Belladonna Tincture is prepared by which method?
A. Maceration
B. Percolation
C. Distillation
D. Decantation
Answer: B. Percolation
12. What is the medicinal use of Belladonna Tincture?
A. Antibiotic
B. Anticholinergic
C. Anti-inflammatory
D. Analgesic
Answer: B. Anticholinergic
13. Which of the following is used as a flavoring agent?
A. Iodine Tincture
B. Sweet Orange Peel Tincture
C. Nitromersol Tincture
D. Podophyllum Resin
Answer: B. Sweet Orange Peel Tincture
14. Thimerosal Tincture is primarily used as an:
A. Oral flavoring
B. Antiseptic/Anti-infective
C. Laxative
D. Solvent
Answer: B. Antiseptic/Anti-infective
Section 4: Concentration & Preparation Methods
15. How much "Potent Drug" is used to prepare 100 mL of its tincture?
A. 5 g
B. 10 g
C. 20 g
D. 50 g
Answer: B. 10 g
16. How much "Non-potent drug" is used to prepare 100 mL of its tincture?
A. 10 g
B. 20 g
C. 30 g
D. 100 g
Answer: B. 20 g
17. The process of "Maceration" involves:
A. Passing a solvent through a column of drug
B. Soaking the drug in a solvent for a period of time
C. Boiling the drug in water
D. Grinding the drug into a fine powder only
Answer: B. Soaking the drug in a solvent for a period of time
18. The process of "Percolation" involves:
A. Heating the drug to high temperatures
B. Slow passage of a solvent through a column of drug
C. Shaking the drug in a closed container
D. Freezing the drug
Answer: B. Slow passage of a solvent through a column of drug
Section 5: Fluid Extracts
19. Fluid extracts are liquid preparations of vegetable drugs containing alcohol as a:
A. Sweetener
B. Solvent or preservative
C. Coloring agent
D. Flavor
Answer: B. Solvent or preservative
20. What is the standard concentration of a Fluid Extract?
A. 10% (10 g drug in 100 mL)
B. 50% (50 g drug in 100 mL)
C. 100% (1 g drug in 1 mL)
D. 200% (2 g drug in 1 mL)
Answer: C. 100% (1 g drug in 1 mL)
21. Which method is used to prepare Fluid Extracts?

📌 #Tech | 2️⃣nd Lec
* What is the definition of a solution in pharmaceutical terms?
A) A heterogeneous mixture of two phases
B) A homogeneous one-phase system consisting of two or more components
C) A mixture where particles are larger than 1000 nm
D) A suspension of solids in a liquid
Answer: B
* In a solution, the solute particles are dispersed at a size of:
A) > 100 nm
B) 10–100 nm
C) < 1 nm
D) 1–10 nm
Answer: C
* Which of the following is an example of a solid-in-solid solution?
A) Amalgam of mercury with sodium
B) Copper dissolved in gold
C) Camphor in nitrogen gas
D) Glucose in water
Answer: B
* In most pharmaceutical solutions, the solvent is typically:
A) Present in the smaller amount
B) Present in the greater amount
C) Always a solid
D) Non-miscible with the solute
Answer: B
* A solution containing the maximum amount of solute capable of being dissolved is called:
A) Unsaturated
B) Supersaturated
C) Saturated
D) Concentrated
Answer: C
* How is a supersaturated solution typically prepared?
A) By cooling an unsaturated solution
B) By adding more solvent
C) By heating a saturated solution
D) By vigorous agitation only
Answer: C
* A solution that evolves heat during the dissolution process is called:
A) Endothermic
B) Exothermic
C) Hydrophilic
D) Isothermic
Answer: B
* For an endothermic solution, solubility is enhanced by:
A) Cooling
B) Heating
C) Increasing pressure
D) Adding a preservative
Answer: B
Section 2: Classification by Composition and Route
* Which type of solution is defined as a sweetened hydroalcoholic solution?
A) Syrup
B) Spirit
C) Elixir
D) Tincture
Answer: C
* Aqueous solutions containing sugar are known as:
A) Spirits
B) Syrups
C) Aromatic waters
D) Elixirs
Answer: B
* Spirits are solutions of aromatic materials where the solvent is:
A) Water
B) Glycerin
C) Alcohol
D) Fixed oil
Answer: C
* Which of the following is NOT a route of administration for solutions mentioned in the lecture?
A) Otic
B) Parenteral
C) Transdermal patches
D) Ocular
Answer: C
Section 3: Advantages and Disadvantages
* What is a major advantage of solutions over solid dosage forms?
A) Higher chemical stability
B) Immediate availability for absorption
C) Easier to transport and store
D) Resistant to microbial growth
Answer: B
* A disadvantage of pharmaceutical solutions is that drugs are:
A) Too stable
B) Less stable than in dry form
C) Always insoluble in water
D) Difficult to swallow
Answer: B
* Aqueous solutions are particularly subject to contamination by:
A) Large particles
B) Light
C) Microorganisms
D) Heat
Answer: C
* Why are solutions considered more difficult to handle and transport than tablets?
A) They are less effective
B) They are more bulky and heavy
C) They require refrigeration
D) They cannot be flavored
Answer: B
Section 4: Solvents (Aqueous and Non-Aqueous)
* Which solvent is preferred in pharmacy due to its low toxicity and high dielectric constant?
A) Alcohol
B) Water
C) Acetone
D) Benzene
Answer: B
* Which of the following are the most widely used auxiliary solvents (co-solvents)?
A) Ether and Chloroform
B) Alcohol, glycerin, and propylene glycol
C) Benzene and Acetone
D) Isopropyl alcohol and Ethyl oxide
Answer: B
* Why is tap water NOT acceptable for most aqueous pharmaceutical preparations?
A) It is too expensive
B) It has a high dielectric constant
C) Potential chemical incompatibilities with medicinal agents
D) It cannot dissolve sugar
Answer: C
* Purified Water USP must contain not more than ____ of residue.