MCQ | 3rdRound pinned «📌 Inorganic : 1️⃣ st Lec 1️⃣ st quiz 2️⃣ nd quiz 3️⃣ rd quiz 3️⃣ rd Lec : Aluminum 3️⃣ rd Lec : Gallium»
1. What are the primary elements that constitute carbohydrates?
a)Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur
b)Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
c)Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
d)Carbon, Dioxide, Water
Answer: b) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
2. The hydrogen-to-oxygen ratio in carbohydrates is generally the same as in:
a)Hydrogen Peroxide
b)Carbon Dioxide
c)Water
d)Methane
Answer: c) Water
3. Why are carbohydrates a convenient starting point for discussing vegetable drugs?
a)They are complex and difficult to break down.
b)They are the first products formed in photosynthesis.
c)They are only found in animals.
d)They have no significant function in plants.
Answer: b) They are the first products formed in photosynthesis.
4. What is the primary fuel for the body's tissues?
a)Fructose
b)Sucrose
c)Galactose
d)Glucose
Answer: d) Glucose
5. Which monosaccharide is a component of nucleic acids?
a)Galactose
b)Ribose
c)Fructose
d)Glucose
Answer: b) Ribose
6. Lactose in milk is composed of glucose and which other monosaccharide?
a)Fructose
b)Ribose
c)Galactose
d)Mannose
Answer: c) Galactose
7. What are complex molecules formed from the combination of carbohydrates and proteins called?
a)Lipoproteins
b)Glycoproteins
c)Nucleoproteins
d)Glycolipids
Answer: b) Glycoproteins
8. Into which two broad groups are carbohydrates classified?
a)Sugars and Proteins
b)Sugars and Polysaccharides
c)Monosaccharides and Disaccharides
d)Simple and Complex Lipids
Answer: b) Sugars and Polysaccharides
9. Which of the following is a characteristic of sugars?
a)Insoluble in water
b)Bitter taste
c)Crystalline and sweet
d)High molecular weight
Answer: c) Crystalline and sweet
10. Monosaccharides are defined as:
a)Compounds that yield two simpler sugars on hydrolysis.
b)Compounds that cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler sugars.
c)Compounds with a very high molecular weight.
d)Polymers of amino acids.
Answer: b) Compounds that cannot be hydrolyzed to simpler sugars.
11. A disaccharide yields how many monosaccharide molecules upon hydrolysis?
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)4
Answer: b) 2
12. A trisaccharide yields how many monosaccharide molecules upon hydrolysis?
a)1
b)2
c)3
d)4
Answer: c) 3
13. Monosaccharides are classified based on the number of what in their molecule?
a)Oxygen atoms
b)Carbon atoms
c)Hydrogen atoms
d)Functional groups
Answer: b) Carbon atoms
14. A 5-carbon monosaccharide is called a:
a)Triose
b)Tetrose
c)Pentose
d)Hexose
Answer: c) Pentose
15. A 6-carbon monosaccharide is called a:
a)Triose
b)Tetrose
c)Pentose
d)Hexose
Answer: d) Hexose
16. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?
a)Glucose
b)Sucrose
c)Starch
d)Ribose
Answer: c) Starch
17. Upon hydrolysis, starch yields which monosaccharide?
a)Fructose
b)Galactose
c)Glucose
d)Ribose
Answer: c) Glucose
18. A polysaccharide that yields fructose upon hydrolysis is known as a:
a)Glucosan
b)Fructosan
c)Galactosan
d)Ribosan
Answer: b) Fructosan
19. Which polysaccharide is represented as a fructosan?
a)Starch
b)Cellulose
c)Inulin
d)Dextran
Answer: c) Inulin
20. Hexoses are considered the most important monosaccharides in plants because they:
a)Are the sweetest sugars.
b)Form the units from which most polysaccharides are constructed.
c)Are only used for energy storage.
d)Cannot form ring structures.
Answer: b) Form the units from which most polysaccharides are constructed.
21. In an open-chain aldohexose, the sixth carbon is part of which functional group?
a)Ketone
b)Alcohol
c)Aldehyde
d)Carboxyl
Answer: c) Aldehyde
22. D-fructose is an example of a:
a)Aldohexose
b)Ketohexose
c)Aldopentose
d)Ketopentose
Answer: b) Ketohexose
23. The reducing properties of monosaccharides are due to the presence of:
a)Alcohol groups (-OH)
b)The carbonyl group (C=O) of aldehyde or ketone
c)Methyl groups (-CH3)
d)Long carbon chains
Answer: b) The carbonyl group (C=O) of aldehyde or ketone
24. What term is commonly applied to sugars that exhibit reducing properties?
a)Non-reducing sugars
b)Complex sugars
c)Reducing sugars
d)Inert sugars
Answer: c) Reducing sugars
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25. Evidence indicates that glucose and other hexoses often exist in which form(s)?
a)Only in straight-chain structures
b)Only in cyclic forms
c)In both cyclic and straight-chain structures
d)Only in branched-chain structures
Answer: c) In both cyclic and straight-chain structures
26. Which disaccharide is the only one that occurs abundantly in the free state in plants?
a)Maltose
b)Lactose
c)Sucrose
d)Cellobiose
Answer: c) Sucrose
27. Upon hydrolysis, sucrose yields an equimolecular mixture of glucose and fructose known as:
a)High-fructose corn syrup
b)Invert sugar
c)Malt sugar
d)Liquid glucose
Answer: b) Invert sugar
28. Sucrose is commercially obtained from:
a)Grapes and honey
b)Sugar cane and sugar beets
c)Milk and cheese
d)Cotton and wood
Answer: b) Sugar cane and sugar beets
29. Which of the following is a pharmaceutical use of sucrose?
a)Osmotic diuretic
b)Demulcent and nutrient in syrups
c)Surgical dressing
d)Tablet disintegrant
Answer: b) Demulcent and nutrient in syrups
30. Dextrose is another name for:
a)D-Fructose
b)D-Galactose
c)D-Glucose
d)Sucrose
Answer: c) D-Glucose
31. How is dextrose suitable for parenteral use typically obtained?
a)Directly from grapes
b)By controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
c)From the manna tree
d)By bacterial fermentation
Answer: b) By controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
32. Mannitol is classified as a:
a)Polysaccharide
b)Disaccharide
c)Hexahydric alcohol
d)Amino sugar
Answer: c) Hexahydric alcohol
33. What is the natural source of mannitol?
a)Manna, the dried saccharine exudate from Fraxinus ornus
b)Starch from potatoes
c)Cellulose from cotton
d)Sucrose from sugar cane
Answer: a) Manna, the dried saccharine exudate from Fraxinus ornus
34. How is mannitol used when administered parenterally?
a)As a sweetener
b)As an osmotic diuretic
c)As a suspending agent
d)As a nutrient
Answer: b) As an osmotic diuretic
35. Starch is a mixture of which two polysaccharides?
a)Cellulose and Inulin
b)Amylose and Amylopectin
c)Dextran and Glycogen
d)Sucrose and Maltose
Answer: b) Amylose and Amylopectin
36. Amylose is a linear molecule composed of D-glucose units linked by:
a)α-1,6 glycosidic bonds
b)β-1,4 glycosidic bonds
c)α-1,4 glycosidic bonds
d)β-1,6 glycosidic bonds
Answer: c) α-1,4 glycosidic bonds
37. What type of linkages create the branch points in amylopectin?
a)α-1,4 linkages
b)β-1,4 linkages
c)α-1,6 linkages
d)β-1,6 linkages
Answer: c) α-1,6 linkages
38. Which of the following is a source of starch?
a)Gossypium hirsutum
b)Solanum tuberosum (Potato)
c)Acacia senegal
d)Gelidium cartilagineum
Answer: b) Solanum tuberosum (Potato)
39. Which of these is NOT a pharmaceutical use of starch?
a)Tablet filler and disintegrant
b)Antidote for iodine poisoning
c)Osmotic diuretic
d)Starting material for dextrose production
Answer: c) Osmotic diuretic
40. Dextran is a polysaccharide formed from sucrose by the action of an enzyme from:
a)Saccharomyces cerevisiae
b)Escherichia coli
c)Leuconostoc mesenteroides
d)Aspergillus niger
Answer: c) Leuconostoc mesenteroides
41. Purified cotton is primarily composed of:
a)Starch
b)Lignin
c)Cellulose
d)Pectin
Answer: c) Cellulose
42. The glycosidic linkage in cellulose is:
a)α-1,4
b)α-1,6
c)β-1,4
d)β-1,6
Answer: c) β-1,4
43. What is a primary pharmaceutical use of purified cotton (absorbent cotton)?
a)Sweetener
b)Surgical dressing to absorb fluids
c)Tablet binder
d)Culture media
Answer: b) Surgical dressing to absorb fluids
44. Methylcellulose is used as:
a)An osmotic diuretic
b)A bulk laxative and suspending agent
c)A source of energy
d)A surgical dressing
Answer: b) A bulk laxative and suspending agent
45. Ethylcellulose is primarily used as:
a)A sweetening agent
b)A nutrient
c)A tablet binder or coating
d)An antidote
Answer: c) A tablet binder or coating
46. How are gums typically produced in plants?
a)As a primary product of photosynthesis
b)As a structural component of cell walls
c)As a protective exudate after injury
d)As an energy storage molecule
Answer: c) As a protective exudate after injury
a)Only in straight-chain structures
b)Only in cyclic forms
c)In both cyclic and straight-chain structures
d)Only in branched-chain structures
Answer: c) In both cyclic and straight-chain structures
26. Which disaccharide is the only one that occurs abundantly in the free state in plants?
a)Maltose
b)Lactose
c)Sucrose
d)Cellobiose
Answer: c) Sucrose
27. Upon hydrolysis, sucrose yields an equimolecular mixture of glucose and fructose known as:
a)High-fructose corn syrup
b)Invert sugar
c)Malt sugar
d)Liquid glucose
Answer: b) Invert sugar
28. Sucrose is commercially obtained from:
a)Grapes and honey
b)Sugar cane and sugar beets
c)Milk and cheese
d)Cotton and wood
Answer: b) Sugar cane and sugar beets
29. Which of the following is a pharmaceutical use of sucrose?
a)Osmotic diuretic
b)Demulcent and nutrient in syrups
c)Surgical dressing
d)Tablet disintegrant
Answer: b) Demulcent and nutrient in syrups
30. Dextrose is another name for:
a)D-Fructose
b)D-Galactose
c)D-Glucose
d)Sucrose
Answer: c) D-Glucose
31. How is dextrose suitable for parenteral use typically obtained?
a)Directly from grapes
b)By controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
c)From the manna tree
d)By bacterial fermentation
Answer: b) By controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch
32. Mannitol is classified as a:
a)Polysaccharide
b)Disaccharide
c)Hexahydric alcohol
d)Amino sugar
Answer: c) Hexahydric alcohol
33. What is the natural source of mannitol?
a)Manna, the dried saccharine exudate from Fraxinus ornus
b)Starch from potatoes
c)Cellulose from cotton
d)Sucrose from sugar cane
Answer: a) Manna, the dried saccharine exudate from Fraxinus ornus
34. How is mannitol used when administered parenterally?
a)As a sweetener
b)As an osmotic diuretic
c)As a suspending agent
d)As a nutrient
Answer: b) As an osmotic diuretic
35. Starch is a mixture of which two polysaccharides?
a)Cellulose and Inulin
b)Amylose and Amylopectin
c)Dextran and Glycogen
d)Sucrose and Maltose
Answer: b) Amylose and Amylopectin
36. Amylose is a linear molecule composed of D-glucose units linked by:
a)α-1,6 glycosidic bonds
b)β-1,4 glycosidic bonds
c)α-1,4 glycosidic bonds
d)β-1,6 glycosidic bonds
Answer: c) α-1,4 glycosidic bonds
37. What type of linkages create the branch points in amylopectin?
a)α-1,4 linkages
b)β-1,4 linkages
c)α-1,6 linkages
d)β-1,6 linkages
Answer: c) α-1,6 linkages
38. Which of the following is a source of starch?
a)Gossypium hirsutum
b)Solanum tuberosum (Potato)
c)Acacia senegal
d)Gelidium cartilagineum
Answer: b) Solanum tuberosum (Potato)
39. Which of these is NOT a pharmaceutical use of starch?
a)Tablet filler and disintegrant
b)Antidote for iodine poisoning
c)Osmotic diuretic
d)Starting material for dextrose production
Answer: c) Osmotic diuretic
40. Dextran is a polysaccharide formed from sucrose by the action of an enzyme from:
a)Saccharomyces cerevisiae
b)Escherichia coli
c)Leuconostoc mesenteroides
d)Aspergillus niger
Answer: c) Leuconostoc mesenteroides
41. Purified cotton is primarily composed of:
a)Starch
b)Lignin
c)Cellulose
d)Pectin
Answer: c) Cellulose
42. The glycosidic linkage in cellulose is:
a)α-1,4
b)α-1,6
c)β-1,4
d)β-1,6
Answer: c) β-1,4
43. What is a primary pharmaceutical use of purified cotton (absorbent cotton)?
a)Sweetener
b)Surgical dressing to absorb fluids
c)Tablet binder
d)Culture media
Answer: b) Surgical dressing to absorb fluids
44. Methylcellulose is used as:
a)An osmotic diuretic
b)A bulk laxative and suspending agent
c)A source of energy
d)A surgical dressing
Answer: b) A bulk laxative and suspending agent
45. Ethylcellulose is primarily used as:
a)A sweetening agent
b)A nutrient
c)A tablet binder or coating
d)An antidote
Answer: c) A tablet binder or coating
46. How are gums typically produced in plants?
a)As a primary product of photosynthesis
b)As a structural component of cell walls
c)As a protective exudate after injury
d)As an energy storage molecule
Answer: c) As a protective exudate after injury
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47. What is a key distinction between gums and mucilages?
a)Gums are sweet, mucilages are not.
b)Gums are pathologic products, mucilages are physiologic products.
c)Gums are insoluble, mucilages are soluble.
d)Gums are derived from animals, mucilages from plants.
Answer: b) Gums are pathologic products, mucilages are physiologic products.
48. Tragacanth is a gum obtained from species of:
a)Acacia
b)Astragalus
c)Gelidium
d)Fraxinus
Answer: b) Astragalus
49. Which gum is also known as gum arabic?
a)Tragacanth
b)Agar
c)Sodium Alginate
d)Acacia
Answer: d) Acacia
50. Agar is extracted from seaweed and is extensively used as:
a)A sweetener
b)A gel in bacteriologic culture media
c)An osmotic diuretic
d)A tablet coating
Answer: b) A gel in bacteriologic culture media
a)Gums are sweet, mucilages are not.
b)Gums are pathologic products, mucilages are physiologic products.
c)Gums are insoluble, mucilages are soluble.
d)Gums are derived from animals, mucilages from plants.
Answer: b) Gums are pathologic products, mucilages are physiologic products.
48. Tragacanth is a gum obtained from species of:
a)Acacia
b)Astragalus
c)Gelidium
d)Fraxinus
Answer: b) Astragalus
49. Which gum is also known as gum arabic?
a)Tragacanth
b)Agar
c)Sodium Alginate
d)Acacia
Answer: d) Acacia
50. Agar is extracted from seaweed and is extensively used as:
a)A sweetener
b)A gel in bacteriologic culture media
c)An osmotic diuretic
d)A tablet coating
Answer: b) A gel in bacteriologic culture media
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Techno3rdround_202511251910_42232.pdf
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3rd Lec quiz
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Tinctures (General) :
1. Tinctures are defined as alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions prepared from:
A. Animal tissues only
B. Vegetable materials or chemical substances
C. Purely synthetic minerals
D. Gaseous substances
Answer: B. Vegetable materials or chemical substances
2. What is the approximate alcohol content range in tinctures?
A. 5% to 10%
B. 10% to 20%
C. 15% to 80%
D. 90% to 100%
Answer: C. 15% to 80%
3. In tinctures, alcohol serves as a preservative against:
A. Oxidation
B. Microbial growth
C. Evaporation
D. Light decomposition
Answer: B. Microbial growth
4. Which of the following is a disadvantage of tinctures?
A. Easy to swallow
B. Low alcohol content
C. Unpleasant taste
D. Highly concentrated dose
Answer: C. Unpleasant taste
5. To protect tinctures from light and temperature, they must be stored in:
A. Clear plastic bottles
B. Light-resistant containers
C. Open beakers
D. Metal cans
Answer: B. Light-resistant containers
Section 2: Topical Tinctures (Examples)
6. Green Soap Tincture contains approximately how much Ethyl Alcohol?
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 30%
D. 70%
Answer: C. 30%
7. What is a primary use of Green Soap Tincture?
A. Oral supplement
B. Cleaning surgical instruments and skin after tattoos
C. Treatment of cough
D. Eye drops
Answer: B. Cleaning surgical instruments and skin after tattoos
8. Iodine Tincture is also known as:
A. Strong Iodine Solution
B. Weak Iodine Solution
C. Lugol's Solution
D. Povidone Solution
Answer: B. Weak Iodine Solution
9. Compound Benzoin Tincture (CTB) is prepared by which method?
A. Percolation
B. Simple solution
C. Maceration
D. Distillation
Answer: C. Maceration
10. Which tincture is used to protect the skin before applying adhesive bandages?
A. Iodine Tincture
B. Thimerosal Tincture
C. Compound Benzoin Tincture
D. Vanilla Tincture
Answer: C. Compound Benzoin Tincture
Section 3: Oral & Specific Tinctures
11. Belladonna Tincture is prepared by which method?
A. Maceration
B. Percolation
C. Distillation
D. Decantation
Answer: B. Percolation
12. What is the medicinal use of Belladonna Tincture?
A. Antibiotic
B. Anticholinergic
C. Anti-inflammatory
D. Analgesic
Answer: B. Anticholinergic
13. Which of the following is used as a flavoring agent?
A. Iodine Tincture
B. Sweet Orange Peel Tincture
C. Nitromersol Tincture
D. Podophyllum Resin
Answer: B. Sweet Orange Peel Tincture
14. Thimerosal Tincture is primarily used as an:
A. Oral flavoring
B. Antiseptic/Anti-infective
C. Laxative
D. Solvent
Answer: B. Antiseptic/Anti-infective
Section 4: Concentration & Preparation Methods
15. How much "Potent Drug" is used to prepare 100 mL of its tincture?
A. 5 g
B. 10 g
C. 20 g
D. 50 g
Answer: B. 10 g
16. How much "Non-potent drug" is used to prepare 100 mL of its tincture?
A. 10 g
B. 20 g
C. 30 g
D. 100 g
Answer: B. 20 g
17. The process of "Maceration" involves:
A. Passing a solvent through a column of drug
B. Soaking the drug in a solvent for a period of time
C. Boiling the drug in water
D. Grinding the drug into a fine powder only
Answer: B. Soaking the drug in a solvent for a period of time
18. The process of "Percolation" involves:
A. Heating the drug to high temperatures
B. Slow passage of a solvent through a column of drug
C. Shaking the drug in a closed container
D. Freezing the drug
Answer: B. Slow passage of a solvent through a column of drug
Section 5: Fluid Extracts
19. Fluid extracts are liquid preparations of vegetable drugs containing alcohol as a:
A. Sweetener
B. Solvent or preservative
C. Coloring agent
D. Flavor
Answer: B. Solvent or preservative
20. What is the standard concentration of a Fluid Extract?
A. 10% (10 g drug in 100 mL)
B. 50% (50 g drug in 100 mL)
C. 100% (1 g drug in 1 mL)
D. 200% (2 g drug in 1 mL)
Answer: C. 100% (1 g drug in 1 mL)
21. Which method is used to prepare Fluid Extracts?
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A. Maceration
B. Percolation
C. Simple Solution
D. Sublimation
Answer: B. Percolation
22. Fluid extracts are __ times more concentrated than potent tinctures.
A. 2 times
B. 5 times
C. 10 times
D. 20 times
Answer: C. 10 times
23. Which Fluid Extract is used as a flavoring agent?
A. Cascara Sagrada
B. Glycyrrhiza (Licorice)
C. Senna
D. Belladonna
Answer: B. Glycyrrhiza (Licorice)
Section 6: Extracts, Resins & Oleoresins
24. Extracts are prepared by evaporating the solvent to a:
A. Diluted liquid
B. Semiliquid, solid, or powder consistency
C. Gaseous state
D. Clear solution
Answer: B. Semiliquid, solid, or powder consistency
25. Distillation under "reduced pressure" is used in extract preparation to:
A. Increase the boiling point
B. Protect drug substances against thermal decomposition
C. Add more solvent
D. Change the color
Answer: B. Protect drug substances against thermal decomposition
26. Which form of extract has a "plastic consistency"?
A. Semiliquid extract
B. Pilular or solid extract
C. Powdered extract
D. Fluid extract
Answer: B. Pilular or solid extract
27. Powdered extracts are used for making:
A. Syrups
B. Tablets and capsules
C. Ointments
D. Injections
Answer: B. Tablets and capsules
28. Natural resins are chemically described as:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Oxidized terpenes of volatile oils
C. Proteins
D. Fatty acids
Answer: B. Oxidized terpenes of volatile oils
29. Oleoresins are a mixture of:
A. Water and sugar
B. Volatile oils and resins
C. Alcohol and wax
D. Soap and glycerin
Answer: B. Volatile oils and resins
30. Which solvent is usually used to prepare Oleoresins like Capsicum?
A. Water
B. Ether or Acetone
C. Glycerin
D. Syrup
Answer: B. Ether or Acetone
B. Percolation
C. Simple Solution
D. Sublimation
Answer: B. Percolation
22. Fluid extracts are __ times more concentrated than potent tinctures.
A. 2 times
B. 5 times
C. 10 times
D. 20 times
Answer: C. 10 times
23. Which Fluid Extract is used as a flavoring agent?
A. Cascara Sagrada
B. Glycyrrhiza (Licorice)
C. Senna
D. Belladonna
Answer: B. Glycyrrhiza (Licorice)
Section 6: Extracts, Resins & Oleoresins
24. Extracts are prepared by evaporating the solvent to a:
A. Diluted liquid
B. Semiliquid, solid, or powder consistency
C. Gaseous state
D. Clear solution
Answer: B. Semiliquid, solid, or powder consistency
25. Distillation under "reduced pressure" is used in extract preparation to:
A. Increase the boiling point
B. Protect drug substances against thermal decomposition
C. Add more solvent
D. Change the color
Answer: B. Protect drug substances against thermal decomposition
26. Which form of extract has a "plastic consistency"?
A. Semiliquid extract
B. Pilular or solid extract
C. Powdered extract
D. Fluid extract
Answer: B. Pilular or solid extract
27. Powdered extracts are used for making:
A. Syrups
B. Tablets and capsules
C. Ointments
D. Injections
Answer: B. Tablets and capsules
28. Natural resins are chemically described as:
A. Carbohydrates
B. Oxidized terpenes of volatile oils
C. Proteins
D. Fatty acids
Answer: B. Oxidized terpenes of volatile oils
29. Oleoresins are a mixture of:
A. Water and sugar
B. Volatile oils and resins
C. Alcohol and wax
D. Soap and glycerin
Answer: B. Volatile oils and resins
30. Which solvent is usually used to prepare Oleoresins like Capsicum?
A. Water
B. Ether or Acetone
C. Glycerin
D. Syrup
Answer: B. Ether or Acetone
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* What is the definition of a solution in pharmaceutical terms?
A) A heterogeneous mixture of two phases
B) A homogeneous one-phase system consisting of two or more components
C) A mixture where particles are larger than 1000 nm
D) A suspension of solids in a liquid
Answer: B
* In a solution, the solute particles are dispersed at a size of:
A) > 100 nm
B) 10–100 nm
C) < 1 nm
D) 1–10 nm
Answer: C
* Which of the following is an example of a solid-in-solid solution?
A) Amalgam of mercury with sodium
B) Copper dissolved in gold
C) Camphor in nitrogen gas
D) Glucose in water
Answer: B
* In most pharmaceutical solutions, the solvent is typically:
A) Present in the smaller amount
B) Present in the greater amount
C) Always a solid
D) Non-miscible with the solute
Answer: B
* A solution containing the maximum amount of solute capable of being dissolved is called:
A) Unsaturated
B) Supersaturated
C) Saturated
D) Concentrated
Answer: C
* How is a supersaturated solution typically prepared?
A) By cooling an unsaturated solution
B) By adding more solvent
C) By heating a saturated solution
D) By vigorous agitation only
Answer: C
* A solution that evolves heat during the dissolution process is called:
A) Endothermic
B) Exothermic
C) Hydrophilic
D) Isothermic
Answer: B
* For an endothermic solution, solubility is enhanced by:
A) Cooling
B) Heating
C) Increasing pressure
D) Adding a preservative
Answer: B
Section 2: Classification by Composition and Route
* Which type of solution is defined as a sweetened hydroalcoholic solution?
A) Syrup
B) Spirit
C) Elixir
D) Tincture
Answer: C
* Aqueous solutions containing sugar are known as:
A) Spirits
B) Syrups
C) Aromatic waters
D) Elixirs
Answer: B
* Spirits are solutions of aromatic materials where the solvent is:
A) Water
B) Glycerin
C) Alcohol
D) Fixed oil
Answer: C
* Which of the following is NOT a route of administration for solutions mentioned in the lecture?
A) Otic
B) Parenteral
C) Transdermal patches
D) Ocular
Answer: C
Section 3: Advantages and Disadvantages
* What is a major advantage of solutions over solid dosage forms?
A) Higher chemical stability
B) Immediate availability for absorption
C) Easier to transport and store
D) Resistant to microbial growth
Answer: B
* A disadvantage of pharmaceutical solutions is that drugs are:
A) Too stable
B) Less stable than in dry form
C) Always insoluble in water
D) Difficult to swallow
Answer: B
* Aqueous solutions are particularly subject to contamination by:
A) Large particles
B) Light
C) Microorganisms
D) Heat
Answer: C
* Why are solutions considered more difficult to handle and transport than tablets?
A) They are less effective
B) They are more bulky and heavy
C) They require refrigeration
D) They cannot be flavored
Answer: B
Section 4: Solvents (Aqueous and Non-Aqueous)
* Which solvent is preferred in pharmacy due to its low toxicity and high dielectric constant?
A) Alcohol
B) Water
C) Acetone
D) Benzene
Answer: B
* Which of the following are the most widely used auxiliary solvents (co-solvents)?
A) Ether and Chloroform
B) Alcohol, glycerin, and propylene glycol
C) Benzene and Acetone
D) Isopropyl alcohol and Ethyl oxide
Answer: B
* Why is tap water NOT acceptable for most aqueous pharmaceutical preparations?
A) It is too expensive
B) It has a high dielectric constant
C) Potential chemical incompatibilities with medicinal agents
D) It cannot dissolve sugar
Answer: C
* Purified Water USP must contain not more than ____ of residue.
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A) 0.1%
B) 0.001%
C) 1%
D) 0.01%
Answer: B
* Which type of water is required for parenteral administration (injections)?
A) Purified Water USP
B) Tap water
C) Water for Injection USP (Sterile and pyrogen-free)
D) Demineralized water
Answer: C
* What percentage of the first portion of distillate is usually discarded in the distillation method?
A) 5%
B) 10–20%
C) 50%
D) 30%
Answer: B
* The Ion Exchange method for water purification removes ions using:
A) Heat
B) Semi-permeable membranes
C) Synthetic resins (cation and anion exchangers)
D) Centrifugation
Answer: C
* Reverse osmosis is also known as:
A) Distillation
B) Cross-flow membrane filtration
C) Simple filtration
D) Extraction
Answer: B
* Which non-aqueous solvent is second only to water in its usefulness in pharmacy?
A) Glycerin
B) Alcohol (Ethanol)
C) Propylene glycol
D) Cottonseed oil
Answer: B
* Alcohol is used as an antimicrobial preservative in liquid products at concentrations of:
A) 1–5%
B) 5–10%
C) 15–20%
D) 30–40%
Answer: C
* Glycerin is used in topical formulations primarily for its _ properties.
A) Oxidizing
B) Humectant and emollient
C) Astringent
D) Coloring
Answer: B
* Propylene glycol is frequently substituted for which solvent in modern formulations?
A) Alcohol
B) Glycerin
C) Water
D) Acetone
Answer: B
* Low molecular weight PEGs (200–600) are used as:
A) Solid bases
B) Water-miscible solvents
C) Coating agents only
D) Flavoring agents
Answer: B
* Fixed oils of vegetable origin (e.g., sesame oil) are used as solvents for:
A) Oral syrups
B) Sustained-release intramuscular injections
C) Nasal sprays
D) Ocular washes
Answer: B
Section 5: Preparation Methods
* To hasten dissolution, a pharmacist might use which of the following?
A) Reducing particle size
B) Vigorous agitation
C) Applying heat
D) All of the above
Answer: D
* When adding volatile materials like flavors during preparation, they should be added:
A) At the beginning with heat
B) At the end after cooling
C) Before the solute
D) Only to the solid solute
Answer: B
* Amaranth solution (1%) is prepared by which method?
A) Chemical reaction
B) Simple solution
C) Extraction
D) Distillation
Answer: B
* Epinephrine solution is prepared with the help of which acid?
A) Sulfuric acid
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Acetic acid
D) Nitric acid
Answer: B
* Irrigating solutions must be sterilized because they are used for:
A) Oral ingestion
B) Sensitive areas of the body or wounds
C) Cleaning lab equipment
D) General skin disinfection
Answer: B
* Formaldehyde solution (Formalin) is an example of a solution prepared by:
A) Simple solution
B) Chemical reaction
C) Extraction
D) Ion exchange
Answer: B
* Aluminum subacetate, used as an astringent, is prepared by:
A) Simple solution
B) Chemical reaction
C) Distillation
D) Reverse osmosis
Answer: B
* Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution is often called "10 volume peroxide" because it:
A) Contains 10% H2O2
B) Liberates 10 times its volume of oxygen
C) Is used 10 times a day
D) Has 10 different uses
Answer: B
* What is Step 1 in the three stages of making a solution?
A) Combine solute and solvent
B) Separate particles of the solvent
C) Separate particles of the solute from each other
D) Filter the mixture
Answer: C
* Which property is true for a pharmaceutical solution?
A) Particles are visible to the naked eye
B) It scatters a beam of light
C) It is a homogeneous mixture
D) It consists of at least three phases
Answer: C
B) 0.001%
C) 1%
D) 0.01%
Answer: B
* Which type of water is required for parenteral administration (injections)?
A) Purified Water USP
B) Tap water
C) Water for Injection USP (Sterile and pyrogen-free)
D) Demineralized water
Answer: C
* What percentage of the first portion of distillate is usually discarded in the distillation method?
A) 5%
B) 10–20%
C) 50%
D) 30%
Answer: B
* The Ion Exchange method for water purification removes ions using:
A) Heat
B) Semi-permeable membranes
C) Synthetic resins (cation and anion exchangers)
D) Centrifugation
Answer: C
* Reverse osmosis is also known as:
A) Distillation
B) Cross-flow membrane filtration
C) Simple filtration
D) Extraction
Answer: B
* Which non-aqueous solvent is second only to water in its usefulness in pharmacy?
A) Glycerin
B) Alcohol (Ethanol)
C) Propylene glycol
D) Cottonseed oil
Answer: B
* Alcohol is used as an antimicrobial preservative in liquid products at concentrations of:
A) 1–5%
B) 5–10%
C) 15–20%
D) 30–40%
Answer: C
* Glycerin is used in topical formulations primarily for its _ properties.
A) Oxidizing
B) Humectant and emollient
C) Astringent
D) Coloring
Answer: B
* Propylene glycol is frequently substituted for which solvent in modern formulations?
A) Alcohol
B) Glycerin
C) Water
D) Acetone
Answer: B
* Low molecular weight PEGs (200–600) are used as:
A) Solid bases
B) Water-miscible solvents
C) Coating agents only
D) Flavoring agents
Answer: B
* Fixed oils of vegetable origin (e.g., sesame oil) are used as solvents for:
A) Oral syrups
B) Sustained-release intramuscular injections
C) Nasal sprays
D) Ocular washes
Answer: B
Section 5: Preparation Methods
* To hasten dissolution, a pharmacist might use which of the following?
A) Reducing particle size
B) Vigorous agitation
C) Applying heat
D) All of the above
Answer: D
* When adding volatile materials like flavors during preparation, they should be added:
A) At the beginning with heat
B) At the end after cooling
C) Before the solute
D) Only to the solid solute
Answer: B
* Amaranth solution (1%) is prepared by which method?
A) Chemical reaction
B) Simple solution
C) Extraction
D) Distillation
Answer: B
* Epinephrine solution is prepared with the help of which acid?
A) Sulfuric acid
B) Hydrochloric acid
C) Acetic acid
D) Nitric acid
Answer: B
* Irrigating solutions must be sterilized because they are used for:
A) Oral ingestion
B) Sensitive areas of the body or wounds
C) Cleaning lab equipment
D) General skin disinfection
Answer: B
* Formaldehyde solution (Formalin) is an example of a solution prepared by:
A) Simple solution
B) Chemical reaction
C) Extraction
D) Ion exchange
Answer: B
* Aluminum subacetate, used as an astringent, is prepared by:
A) Simple solution
B) Chemical reaction
C) Distillation
D) Reverse osmosis
Answer: B
* Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution is often called "10 volume peroxide" because it:
A) Contains 10% H2O2
B) Liberates 10 times its volume of oxygen
C) Is used 10 times a day
D) Has 10 different uses
Answer: B
* What is Step 1 in the three stages of making a solution?
A) Combine solute and solvent
B) Separate particles of the solvent
C) Separate particles of the solute from each other
D) Filter the mixture
Answer: C
* Which property is true for a pharmaceutical solution?
A) Particles are visible to the naked eye
B) It scatters a beam of light
C) It is a homogeneous mixture
D) It consists of at least three phases
Answer: C
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MCQ | 3rdRound pinned «📌 #Tech | 2️⃣ nd Lec * What is the definition of a solution in pharmaceutical terms? A) A heterogeneous mixture of two phases B) A homogeneous one-phase system consisting of two or more components C) A mixture where particles are larger than 1000…»