📍Infant Roseola (HHV-6 Infection) :

1. What virus causes roseola infantum?
A) Varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
B) Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)
C) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
D) Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Answer: B

2. What is the classic presentation of roseola?
A) Low-grade fever with immediate rash
B) High fever for 3 days followed by rash as fever subsides
C) Fever with sore throat
D) Fever with joint pain
Answer: B

3. How is HHV-6 primarily transmitted?
A) Fecal-oral route
B) Saliva or respiratory droplets
C) Blood transfusion
D) Mosquito bites
Answer: B

4. Where does HHV-6 replicate during primary infection?
A) Liver
B) Leukocytes and salivary glands
C) Skin cells
D) Kidney
Answer: B

5. What is a potential complication of roseola's high fever?
A) Hepatitis
B) Febrile seizure
C) Meningitis
D) Pneumonia
Answer: B

6. What type of rash appears in roseola?
A) Vesicular (blister-like)
B) Maculopapular (flat red spots with bumps)
C) Petechial (pinpoint bleeding)
D) Bullous (large blisters)
Answer: B

7. What is the standard treatment for roseola?
A) Antiviral therapy (e.g., acyclovir)
B) Supportive care (antipyretics for fever)
C) Antibiotics
D) Corticosteroids
Answer: B

8. Which age group is most affected by roseola?
A) Adolescents
B) Adults
C) Infants and toddlers (6 months–2 years)
D) Elderly
Answer: C

9. What is unique about the rash in roseola?
A) It itches intensely
B) It appears AFTER fever resolves
C) It leaves permanent scars
D) It spreads from limbs to trunk
Answer: B

10. Which diagnostic method confirms HHV-6 infection?
A) Blood culture
B) PCR (detects viral DNA)
C) Urinalysis
D) Skin biopsy
Answer: B

hid ?

Oropharyngeal in children " 2-3 weeks "
In adults " 4-5 Days "
Genital " 3 weeks "
Varicella " incubation period " 10-21 Days "
Zoster " 2-4 weeks "

Microbiology - Lecture 8 ↓

📍Innate immunity

1. What is the primary characteristic of innate immunity?
- A) It is highly specific to pathogens.
- B) It lacks immunologic memory.
- C) It provides long-term protection against reinfection.
- D) It is only active after adaptive immunity fails.
Correct Answer: B) It lacks immunologic memory.

2. Which of the following best describes adaptive immunity?
- A) Rapid but nonspecific response to pathogens.
- B) A defense system that includes skin and mucous membranes.
- C) A pathogen-specific response with immunologic memory.
- D) The first line of defense against infections.
Correct Answer: C) A pathogen-specific response with immunologic memory.

3. When is the adaptive immune response typically activated?
- A) Before innate immunity responds.
- B) Only in the presence of vaccines.
- C) When innate immunity fails to eliminate the pathogen.
- D) Exclusively in autoimmune diseases.
Correct Answer: C) When innate immunity fails to eliminate the pathogen.

4. Which of the following is a key component of the innate immune barrier?
- A) Antibodies
- B) T-cells
- C) Skin and mucous membranes
- D) Memory B-cells
Correct Answer: C) Skin and mucous membranes.

5. What is the main functional difference between innate and adaptive immunity?
- A) Innate immunity is slower but more specific.
- B) Adaptive immunity lacks memory.
- C) Innate immunity is nonspecific, while adaptive immunity is specific and has memory.
- D) Adaptive immunity is always active, whereas innate immunity requires activation.
Correct Answer: C) Innate immunity is nonspecific, while adaptive immunity is specific and has memory.

📍Innate Immunity – Mechanical Barriers :

1. Which of the following is a key antimicrobial property of sweat and sebaceous secretions?
- A) High pH that promotes bacterial growth
- B) Presence of fatty acids and acidic pH
- C) Production of antibodies
- D) Activation of T-cells
Correct Answer: B) Presence of fatty acids and acidic pH

2. How do mucous membranes contribute to innate immunity?
- A) By producing antibodies against pathogens
- B) By sloughing off rapidly, preventing microbial attachment
- C) By activating adaptive immune responses
- D) By storing memory B-cells
Correct Answer: B) By sloughing off rapidly, preventing microbial attachment

3. Which structure in the respiratory tract helps remove inhaled particles?
- A) Low stomach pH
- B) Mucociliary escalator in the trachea
- C) Gut flora
- D) Urinary flow
Correct Answer: B) Mucociliary escalator in the trachea*

4. What is the role of the low pH in the stomach as part of innate immunity?
- A) Promotes bacterial growth
- B) Denatures proteins and kills microorganisms
- C) Enhances mucus production
- D) Activates T-cell responses
Correct Answer: B) Denatures proteins and kills microorganisms

5. Which of the following is NOT a mechanical barrier in innate immunity?
- A) Peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract
- B) Continuous urine flow in the urinary tract
- C) Production of antibodies by B-cells
- D) Cough reflex preventing pathogen aspiration
Correct Answer: C) Production of antibodies by B-cells(This is part of adaptive immunity, not innate barriers.)

📍Innate Immunity – Chemical and Biological Barriers :

1. What is the primary function of lysozyme in innate immunity?
- A) Neutralizing stomach acid
- B) Breaking down bacterial peptidoglycan, creating holes in cell walls
- C) Activating T-cells for adaptive immunity
- D) Producing antibodies against viruses
Correct Answer: B) Breaking down bacterial peptidoglycan, creating holes in cell walls

2. How does the stomach contribute to chemical barrier defense?
- A) By secreting fatty acids to moisturize the skin
- B) By producing concentrated hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria
- C) By releasing IgA to block pathogen adhesion
- D) By hosting normal microbiota to compete with pathogens
Correct Answer: B) By producing concentrated hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria

3. What role does normal microbiota play in biological barriers?
- A) They produce antibodies to target specific pathogens.
- B) They compete with pathogenic microorganisms, limiting their growth.
- C) They break down peptidoglycan in bacterial cell walls.
- D) They increase stomach pH to promote digestion.
Correct Answer: B) They compete with pathogenic microorganisms, limiting their growth.

4. Which of the following is an example of a biological barrier in the vagina?**
- A) High pH maintained by Escherichia coli
- B) Acidic pH maintained by normal lactobacilli
- C) Lysozyme secretion from tear glands
- D) Mucociliary escalator in the respiratory tract
Correct Answer: B) Acidic pH maintained by normal lactobacilli

5. How does secretory IgA (immunoglobulin A) function in mucosal immunity?
- A) By killing bacteria through enzymatic action
- B) By binding pathogens and toxins to prevent epithelial adhesion
- C) By acidifying the stomach to denature proteins
- D) By competing with normal microbiota for resources
Correct Answer: B) By binding pathogens and toxins to prevent epithelial adhesion