π1. What are the two main types of chromatography methods?
A. Analytical and preparative
B. Adsorption and partition
C. Ion-exchange and gel filtration
D. Qualitative and quantitative
Answer: A
---
### 2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chromatography?
A. Case sensitive
B. Economic
C. Producible
D. High temperature requirement
Answer: D
---
### 3. What is the primary mechanism in adsorption chromatography?
A. Partition coefficient
B. Adsorption coefficient
C. Ion-exchange
D. Molecular size
Answer: B
---
### 4. What is the stationary phase in adsorption chromatography?
A. Liquid
B. Gas
C. Solid
D. Gel
Answer: C
---
### 5. Which of the following is a common adsorbent used in adsorption chromatography?
A. Water
B. Ethanol
C. Silica gel
D. Methanol
Answer: C
---
### 6. Which adsorbent is considered basic and preferentially retains acidic compounds?
A. Silica gel
B. Alumina
C. Activated charcoal
D. Kieselguhr
Answer: B
---
### 7. Which adsorbent is considered acidic and preferentially retains basic compounds?
A. Silica gel
B. Alumina
C. Activated charcoal
D. Kieselguhr
Answer: A
---
### 8. What is the primary factor responsible for separation in adsorption chromatography?
A. Partition coefficient
B. Adsorption coefficient
C. Molecular size
D. Ion-exchange
Answer: B
---
### 9. Which of the following solvents is useful for eluting substances in adsorption chromatography?
A. Light petroleum
B. Benzene
C. Alcohol
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 10. What is the primary use of adsorption chromatography in plant extracts?
A. Synthesis of new compounds
B. Removal of unwanted materials
C. Measurement of boiling points
D. Determination of molecular weight
Answer: B
---
### 11. What is the primary mechanism in partition chromatography?
A. Adsorption coefficient
B. Partition coefficient
C. Ion-exchange
D. Molecular size
Answer: B
---
### 12. What is the stationary phase in partition chromatography?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Gel
Answer: B
---
### 13. What is the primary factor responsible for separation in partition chromatography?
A. Adsorption coefficient
B. Partition coefficient
C. Molecular size
D. Ion-exchange
Answer: B
---
### 14. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of chromatography?
A. Adsorption
B. Partition
C. Ion-exchange
D. Sublimation
Answer: D
---
### 15. What is the primary mechanism in ion-exchange chromatography?
A. Adsorption coefficient
B. Partition coefficient
C. Ion-exchange
D. Molecular size
Answer: C
---
### 16. What is the stationary phase in ion-exchange chromatography?
A. Liquid
B. Gas
C. Synthetic resin
D. Gel
Answer: C
---
### 17. Which of the following is a common application of ion-exchange chromatography?
A. Softening water
B. Refining sugars
C. Separation of metal ions
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 18. What is the primary mechanism in gel filtration chromatography?
A. Adsorption coefficient
B. Partition coefficient
C. Ion-exchange
D. Molecular size
Answer: D
---
### 19. What is the stationary phase in gel filtration chromatography?
A. Liquid
B. Gas
C. Gel
D. Synthetic resin
Answer: C
---
### 20. What is the primary factor responsible for separation in gel filtration chromatography?
A. Adsorption coefficient
B. Partition coefficient
C. Molecular size
D. Ion-exchange
Answer: C
---
### 21. Which of the following is a common application of gel filtration chromatography?
A. Separation of enzymes
B. Separation of proteins
C. Separation of nucleic acids
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
A. Analytical and preparative
B. Adsorption and partition
C. Ion-exchange and gel filtration
D. Qualitative and quantitative
Answer: A
---
### 2. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of chromatography?
A. Case sensitive
B. Economic
C. Producible
D. High temperature requirement
Answer: D
---
### 3. What is the primary mechanism in adsorption chromatography?
A. Partition coefficient
B. Adsorption coefficient
C. Ion-exchange
D. Molecular size
Answer: B
---
### 4. What is the stationary phase in adsorption chromatography?
A. Liquid
B. Gas
C. Solid
D. Gel
Answer: C
---
### 5. Which of the following is a common adsorbent used in adsorption chromatography?
A. Water
B. Ethanol
C. Silica gel
D. Methanol
Answer: C
---
### 6. Which adsorbent is considered basic and preferentially retains acidic compounds?
A. Silica gel
B. Alumina
C. Activated charcoal
D. Kieselguhr
Answer: B
---
### 7. Which adsorbent is considered acidic and preferentially retains basic compounds?
A. Silica gel
B. Alumina
C. Activated charcoal
D. Kieselguhr
Answer: A
---
### 8. What is the primary factor responsible for separation in adsorption chromatography?
A. Partition coefficient
B. Adsorption coefficient
C. Molecular size
D. Ion-exchange
Answer: B
---
### 9. Which of the following solvents is useful for eluting substances in adsorption chromatography?
A. Light petroleum
B. Benzene
C. Alcohol
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 10. What is the primary use of adsorption chromatography in plant extracts?
A. Synthesis of new compounds
B. Removal of unwanted materials
C. Measurement of boiling points
D. Determination of molecular weight
Answer: B
---
### 11. What is the primary mechanism in partition chromatography?
A. Adsorption coefficient
B. Partition coefficient
C. Ion-exchange
D. Molecular size
Answer: B
---
### 12. What is the stationary phase in partition chromatography?
A. Solid
B. Liquid
C. Gas
D. Gel
Answer: B
---
### 13. What is the primary factor responsible for separation in partition chromatography?
A. Adsorption coefficient
B. Partition coefficient
C. Molecular size
D. Ion-exchange
Answer: B
---
### 14. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of chromatography?
A. Adsorption
B. Partition
C. Ion-exchange
D. Sublimation
Answer: D
---
### 15. What is the primary mechanism in ion-exchange chromatography?
A. Adsorption coefficient
B. Partition coefficient
C. Ion-exchange
D. Molecular size
Answer: C
---
### 16. What is the stationary phase in ion-exchange chromatography?
A. Liquid
B. Gas
C. Synthetic resin
D. Gel
Answer: C
---
### 17. Which of the following is a common application of ion-exchange chromatography?
A. Softening water
B. Refining sugars
C. Separation of metal ions
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 18. What is the primary mechanism in gel filtration chromatography?
A. Adsorption coefficient
B. Partition coefficient
C. Ion-exchange
D. Molecular size
Answer: D
---
### 19. What is the stationary phase in gel filtration chromatography?
A. Liquid
B. Gas
C. Gel
D. Synthetic resin
Answer: C
---
### 20. What is the primary factor responsible for separation in gel filtration chromatography?
A. Adsorption coefficient
B. Partition coefficient
C. Molecular size
D. Ion-exchange
Answer: C
---
### 21. Which of the following is a common application of gel filtration chromatography?
A. Separation of enzymes
B. Separation of proteins
C. Separation of nucleic acids
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
β€1π1
π 22. What is the mobile phase in gel filtration chromatography?
A. Liquid
B. Gas
C. Solid
D. Gel
Answer: A
---
### 23. Which of the following is a common mobile phase in gel filtration chromatography?
A. Water
B. Ethanol
C. Methanol
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 24. What is the primary use of ion-exchange chromatography in water treatment?
A. Softening water
B. Refining sugars
C. Separation of metal ions
D. Preparation of deionized water
Answer: D
---
### 25. Which of the following is a common application of partition chromatography?
A. Separation of vitamins
B. Separation of hormones
C. Separation of alkaloids
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 26. What is the primary use of adsorption chromatography in the pharmaceutical industry?
A. Synthesis of new drugs
B. Purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients
C. Measurement of boiling points
D. Determination of molecular weight
Answer: B
---
### 27. Which of the following is a common application of ion-exchange chromatography in biochemistry?
A. Separation of amino acids
B. Separation of proteins
C. Separation of nucleic acids
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 28. What is the primary use of gel filtration chromatography in biochemistry?
A. Separation of enzymes
B. Separation of proteins
C. Separation of nucleic acids
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 29. Which of the following is a common application of partition chromatography in food science?
A. Separation of vitamins
B. Separation of hormones
C. Separation of alkaloids
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 30. What is the primary use of adsorption chromatography in environmental science?
A. Analysis of pollutants
B. Synthesis of new compounds
C. Measurement of boiling points
D. Determination of molecular weight
Answer: A
---
### 31. Which of the following is a common application of ion-exchange chromatography in environmental science?
A. Separation of metal ions
B. Separation of pollutants
C. Separation of organic compounds
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 32. What is the primary use of gel filtration chromatography in environmental science?
A. Separation of enzymes
B. Separation of proteins
C. Separation of nucleic acids
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 33. Which of the following is a common application of partition chromatography in the oil industry?
A. Separation of hydrocarbons
B. Separation of vitamins
C. Separation of hormones
D. Separation of alkaloids
Answer: A
---
### 34. What is the primary use of adsorption chromatography in the oil industry?
A. Separation of hydrocarbons
B. Synthesis of new compounds
C. Measurement of boiling points
D. Determination of molecular weight
Answer: A
---
### 35. Which of the following is a common application of ion-exchange chromatography in the oil industry?
A. Separation of metal ions
B. Separation of hydrocarbons
C. Separation of organic compounds
D. All of the above
Answer: D
A. Liquid
B. Gas
C. Solid
D. Gel
Answer: A
---
### 23. Which of the following is a common mobile phase in gel filtration chromatography?
A. Water
B. Ethanol
C. Methanol
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 24. What is the primary use of ion-exchange chromatography in water treatment?
A. Softening water
B. Refining sugars
C. Separation of metal ions
D. Preparation of deionized water
Answer: D
---
### 25. Which of the following is a common application of partition chromatography?
A. Separation of vitamins
B. Separation of hormones
C. Separation of alkaloids
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 26. What is the primary use of adsorption chromatography in the pharmaceutical industry?
A. Synthesis of new drugs
B. Purification of active pharmaceutical ingredients
C. Measurement of boiling points
D. Determination of molecular weight
Answer: B
---
### 27. Which of the following is a common application of ion-exchange chromatography in biochemistry?
A. Separation of amino acids
B. Separation of proteins
C. Separation of nucleic acids
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 28. What is the primary use of gel filtration chromatography in biochemistry?
A. Separation of enzymes
B. Separation of proteins
C. Separation of nucleic acids
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 29. Which of the following is a common application of partition chromatography in food science?
A. Separation of vitamins
B. Separation of hormones
C. Separation of alkaloids
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 30. What is the primary use of adsorption chromatography in environmental science?
A. Analysis of pollutants
B. Synthesis of new compounds
C. Measurement of boiling points
D. Determination of molecular weight
Answer: A
---
### 31. Which of the following is a common application of ion-exchange chromatography in environmental science?
A. Separation of metal ions
B. Separation of pollutants
C. Separation of organic compounds
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 32. What is the primary use of gel filtration chromatography in environmental science?
A. Separation of enzymes
B. Separation of proteins
C. Separation of nucleic acids
D. All of the above
Answer: D
---
### 33. Which of the following is a common application of partition chromatography in the oil industry?
A. Separation of hydrocarbons
B. Separation of vitamins
C. Separation of hormones
D. Separation of alkaloids
Answer: A
---
### 34. What is the primary use of adsorption chromatography in the oil industry?
A. Separation of hydrocarbons
B. Synthesis of new compounds
C. Measurement of boiling points
D. Determination of molecular weight
Answer: A
---
### 35. Which of the following is a common application of ion-exchange chromatography in the oil industry?
A. Separation of metal ions
B. Separation of hydrocarbons
C. Separation of organic compounds
D. All of the above
Answer: D
π2
MCQ | 3rdRound pinned Β«Pharmacognocy : Lecture 1 Lecture 2 Lecture 3 Lecture 4 Lecture 5 Lecture 6 Lecture 7Β»
π― Trichomonas vaginalis π―
πͺSymptoms : " in women "
- Yellow , cream-colored vaginal discharge
- Vulval pruritus (itching) and burning sensation
- vulvar and cervical lesions
- abdominal pain
- dysuria
" in men "
- urethritis
- prostatitis
πͺTreatment :
Metronidazole , Tinidazole
Mechanical protection (condoms)
πͺCause :
Trichomonas vaginalis
πͺTransmission :
Sexual intercourse
πͺSymptoms : " in women "
- Yellow , cream-colored vaginal discharge
- Vulval pruritus (itching) and burning sensation
- vulvar and cervical lesions
- abdominal pain
- dysuria
" in men "
- urethritis
- prostatitis
πͺTreatment :
Metronidazole , Tinidazole
Mechanical protection (condoms)
πͺCause :
Trichomonas vaginalis
πͺTransmission :
Sexual intercourse
π4
π―Cutaneous leishmaniasis (Baghdad boil)π―
πͺSymptoms :
- Lesions appear as an erythematous papule .
- The papule increases in size to become larger nodules that
eventually ulcerate and crusts over .
πͺTreatment :
Self-healing in 2-18 months
If it becomes (painful, infected,over joints...)
Sodium stibogluconate " Pentostam π"
πͺCause :
Two species : L.tropica , L.major
πͺTransmitted :
Sandflies bite
πͺSymptoms :
- Lesions appear as an erythematous papule .
- The papule increases in size to become larger nodules that
eventually ulcerate and crusts over .
πͺTreatment :
Self-healing in 2-18 months
If it becomes (painful, infected,over joints...)
Sodium stibogluconate " Pentostam π"
πͺCause :
Two species : L.tropica , L.major
πͺTransmitted :
Sandflies bite
π2
π―Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar,black fever)π―
πͺ Symptoms :
- Irregular fever
- Splenomegaly
- Hepatomegaly
- Thrombocytopenia
- Hyper-gammaglobulinemia
- Weight loss
- Pancytopenia
πͺ Treatment :
Sodium stibogluconate " Pentostam π"
πͺ Cause :
Species : L.donovani , L.infantum
πͺTransmitted : Sandflies bite
πͺ Symptoms :
- Irregular fever
- Splenomegaly
- Hepatomegaly
- Thrombocytopenia
- Hyper-gammaglobulinemia
- Weight loss
- Pancytopenia
πͺ Treatment :
Sodium stibogluconate " Pentostam π"
πͺ Cause :
Species : L.donovani , L.infantum
πͺTransmitted : Sandflies bite
π2
π―American Trypanosomiasisπ―
πͺ Symptoms : Chagas disease
πͺCause : Trypanosoma cruzi
πͺTransmitted : kissing bugs (Triatoma)
πͺ Symptoms : Chagas disease
πͺCause : Trypanosoma cruzi
πͺTransmitted : kissing bugs (Triatoma)
π2
π―African Trypanosomiasis π―
πͺdisease : sleeping sickness
πͺRoute of infection : During a blood meal on the
mammalian host .
πͺTransmitted : tsetse fly bites (Glossina genus)
πͺdisease : sleeping sickness
πͺRoute of infection : During a blood meal on the
mammalian host .
πͺTransmitted : tsetse fly bites (Glossina genus)
π2
π―Toxoplasmosis π―
πͺ Symptoms :
- Healthy people "nonpregnant" :
flu-like symptoms (tender lymph nodes , muscle aches...) that last for weeks to months and then go away
- Mother-to-child "congenital"
If she get infected during or just before pregnancy she can pass the infection to her unborn baby (congenital transmission)
β The damage to the unborn child is often more severe the earlier in pregnancy the transmission
occurs ,
- During pregnancy :
Miscarriage
Stillborn child
- Child born may have :
microcephaly
macrocephaly
hydrocephalus
- Later in life " if the infection didn't occur when them fetus :
potential vision loss
mental
disability
seizures.
πͺ Cause : toxoplasma gondii
πͺDefenitive host : Cat
πͺIntermediate host : mammals
πͺTransmition :
- ingestion of
"oocysts" : through the consumption of
contaminated water or food sources
- Ingestion of "bradyzoites" : (cysts) Undercooked meat
- Transmission of "tachyzoites" :
- to the fetus can occur via the placenta following primary maternal infection
- Organ transplant (rare)
- Blood transfusion (rare)ββ
πͺ Symptoms :
- Healthy people "nonpregnant" :
flu-like symptoms (tender lymph nodes , muscle aches...) that last for weeks to months and then go away
- Mother-to-child "congenital"
If she get infected during or just before pregnancy she can pass the infection to her unborn baby (congenital transmission)
β The damage to the unborn child is often more severe the earlier in pregnancy the transmission
occurs ,
- During pregnancy :
Miscarriage
Stillborn child
- Child born may have :
microcephaly
macrocephaly
hydrocephalus
- Later in life " if the infection didn't occur when them fetus :
potential vision loss
mental
disability
seizures.
πͺ Cause : toxoplasma gondii
πͺDefenitive host : Cat
πͺIntermediate host : mammals
πͺTransmition :
- ingestion of
"oocysts" : through the consumption of
contaminated water or food sources
- Ingestion of "bradyzoites" : (cysts) Undercooked meat
- Transmission of "tachyzoites" :
- to the fetus can occur via the placenta following primary maternal infection
- Organ transplant (rare)
- Blood transfusion (rare)ββ
π2
MCQ | 3rdRound pinned Β«π― Trichomonas vaginalis π― πͺSymptoms : " in women " - Yellow , cream-colored vaginal discharge - Vulval pruritus (itching) and burning sensation - vulvar and cervical lesions - abdominal pain - dysuria " in men " - urethritis - prostatitis πͺTreatmentβ¦Β»
MCQ | 3rdRound
Microbiology - Lecture 2 β
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