⛔️ Direct crystallization
-نادر ما تنجح هل طريقة ويه المزيج الي يكون خام Crude
الي راح يصير كلآتي:
-نجيب المستخلص نبخره حتى يجف
-الي يبقى عدنه بعد التجفيف نذوبه في Crystallizating solvent..... ليش؟؟!
-حتى نزيد من ذوبانية الالكلويدات
⭕️ شنو المذيبات الي تزيد ذوبانية الالكلويدات؟؟
-Hexane , benzene, ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone, chloroform & dioxane.
⛔️Steam distillation
نستخدمه في حالات النادرة لمن يكون عدنه الالكلويدات سائلة
Ex:
-Coniine
-Nicotine
-Spartiene
⛔️ Crystallization of sparingly soluble salts
راح نستخدم احماض بهذه الطريقة والأكثر استخداماً
-HCl
-HBr
-Oxalic acid
-Picric acid
-Perchloric acid
-Sulfuric acid
-Maleic acid
-Tertaric acid
حيث حيتضمن
-تذويب القاعدة الخام في
-methanol
Or
-Acetone
-ونضيف Athereal solution للحامض
⭕️ عند مزج ال methanolic solution القاعدة مع الحامض غالباً يتشكل او يتكون عدنه الآتي:
-Oxalates
-Picrates
-Perchlorates
-نادر ما تنجح هل طريقة ويه المزيج الي يكون خام Crude
الي راح يصير كلآتي:
-نجيب المستخلص نبخره حتى يجف
-الي يبقى عدنه بعد التجفيف نذوبه في Crystallizating solvent..... ليش؟؟!
-حتى نزيد من ذوبانية الالكلويدات
⭕️ شنو المذيبات الي تزيد ذوبانية الالكلويدات؟؟
-Hexane , benzene, ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone, chloroform & dioxane.
⛔️Steam distillation
نستخدمه في حالات النادرة لمن يكون عدنه الالكلويدات سائلة
Ex:
-Coniine
-Nicotine
-Spartiene
⛔️ Crystallization of sparingly soluble salts
راح نستخدم احماض بهذه الطريقة والأكثر استخداماً
-HCl
-HBr
-Oxalic acid
-Picric acid
-Perchloric acid
-Sulfuric acid
-Maleic acid
-Tertaric acid
حيث حيتضمن
-تذويب القاعدة الخام في
-methanol
Or
-Acetone
-ونضيف Athereal solution للحامض
⭕️ عند مزج ال methanolic solution القاعدة مع الحامض غالباً يتشكل او يتكون عدنه الآتي:
-Oxalates
-Picrates
-Perchlorates
🥰2
alkaloids are taken up in a dilute acid solution. From this it may be
possible to recover the alkaloids by the addition of
possible to recover the alkaloids by the addition of
Anonymous Quiz
73%
ammonium hydroxide solution
19%
Benzen
9%
Alcohol
Aqueous layer in the in separating of alkaloid defined as :
Anonymous Quiz
12%
have alkaloidal salt
14%
acidic layer
9%
contain neutral alkaloids
46%
A&B
20%
C&A
after break the alkaloid salt, by add NH3 then add ethyl acetate so will it separate into two layers the Organic layer defined as :
Anonymous Quiz
11%
For week or neutral alkaloids
22%
For basic alkaloid 1° ,2°,3°
10%
For quaternary alkaloids 4°
29%
A&B
29%
B&C
😢4
What is the correct order of the solubility of the following compounds from most to least?
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Benzene, hexane , ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone.
7%
Benzene, ether, hexane , ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone.
64%
Hexane , benzene, ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone.
4%
Ethyl acetate, methanol, acetone, hexane , benzene, ether.
10%
Hexane ,ethyl acetate, benzene, ether, methanol, acetone.
Which of the folloiwng is true about steam distillation:
Anonymous Quiz
10%
It is used in rare cases, for solid alkaloids, e.g.caffeine, nicotine & sparteine.
78%
It is used in rare cases, for liquid alkaloids, e.g.coniine, nicotine & sparteine.
5%
It is used in rare cases, for liquid alkaloids, e.g.coniine, atropine & sparteine.
7%
non of the following
a rich source of alkaloids,
Anonymous Quiz
2%
Animals
93%
Plants
3%
Fungi
1%
Parasites
1%
None of them
😱1
a rich source of alkaloids,..
And some of them found in
And some of them found in
Anonymous Quiz
13%
Bacteria , fungi ,plants
4%
Plants , parasites , insects
57%
Plants, animals ,fungi and bacteria
26%
All of them
Most alkaloids possess basic properties, due to the presence of
Anonymous Quiz
3%
Amino oxygen
87%
Amino nitrogen
1%
Amino chloride
9%
All of them
In spite of the difficulties attending a precise definition, the term is an extremely useful one, commonly applied to
Anonymous Quiz
87%
basic nitrogenous compounds of plant origin which are physiologically active.
4%
Not basic nitrogenous compounds of plant origin which are physiologically active.
5%
basic nitrogenous compounds of plant origin which are not physiologically active.
5%
basic nitrogenous compounds of plant origin which are physiologically less active.
Distribution of alkaloids is angiosperms
Anonymous Quiz
51%
Papaveraceae
1%
Myrtaceae
6%
Asteraceae
42%
All above
Distribution of alkaloids are the
Anonymous Quiz
17%
angiosperms
12%
the gymnosperms only rarely contain them (Taxaceae).
2%
The monocotyledons do not generally produce alkaloids
69%
All above
Protoalkaloids are also called as:
Anonymous Quiz
74%
a) Amino alkaloid
2%
b) Pseudo alkaloid
6%
c) True alkaloid
18%
d) Extra alkaloid
Who first coined the name “Alkaloids"?
Anonymous Quiz
9%
a) S.W. Pelletier
83%
b/ Fredrich
4%
c) Karl Fredrich Wilhelm Meissner
3%
d) Joseph Caventou
Wagner reagent contains:
Anonymous Quiz
69%
a. lodine + KI water
15%
b. KI+ bismuth iodide
9%
c. lodine
7%
d. Mercuric chloride + KI in water
Picric acid is a chemical composition
of:
of:
Anonymous Quiz
13%
a. Van urk's reagent
7%
b. Mayer reagent
75%
c. Hager's reagent
5%
d. Wagner's reagen