from the specific name of the plant yielding them

from the generic name of the plant yielding them

from the discoverer

from the common name of the drug yielding them

from the discoverer

from the specific name of the plant yielding them

from the common name of the drug yielding them

from the generic name of the plant yielding them

morphine

emetine

All of

(1) poisonous agents protecting the plant against insects and herbivores.

products of detoxification reactions representing a metabolic locking-up

reserve substances capable of supplying nitrogen or other necessary elements to the plant’s economy.

regulatory growth factors.

All of

same toxic properties of Alkaloids are observed in the plant defense scenario

isolation of the morphine by Friedrich is regarded as the start of plant secondary metabolism.

It is accepted that the main role of alkaloids in plants is toxicity against predators and pathogens

By agreement, chemical rules designate that the names of all alkaloids should end in “ane.”

alkaloids in plants are regulatory growth factors.

alkaloids in plants capable of supplying sulfur or other necessary elements to the plant’s economy.

alkaloids in plants are end products of detoxification reactions

alkaloids in plants are poisonous agents protecting the plant against insects and herbivores.

codeine

reserpine

homatropine

strychnine

codeine

reserpine

atropine

physostigmine

copper-red - codeine

Red - reserpine

yellow - berberine

non of the following

alkaloids lack oxygen in their molecules, are solids .

usually contain 2 nitrogen atom, although some like ergotamine may contain up to five.

The nitrogen may exist as a primary amine , as a secondary amine , or as a tertiary amine .

colored alkaloids are relatively common

chloroform

ether

Water

A&B

the alkaloids are converted into their salts by aqueous mineral acids,

berberine for example is yellow and the salts of sanguinarine are copper-red.

nitrogen atom bears an unshared one of electrons

caffeine, and other purine derivatives, does not precipitate like most alkaloids.

caffeine,A purple color is produced

caffeine, A purple color is produced ,this is known as the murexide test.

caffeine, precipitate

are derived from amino acids and have nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring.

that are not derived from amino acids but have nitrogen in a e.g Ca eine heterocyclic ring.

are derived from amino acids and do not have nitrogen in a heterocyclic rin

non alkaloids give false posi ve reac on with alkaloidal reagents. e.g. homatropine

non alkaloids give false posi ve reac on with alkaloidal reagents. e.g. atropine

alkaloids give false posi ve reac on with alkaloidal reagents. e.g. homatropine