Peak levels of insulin lispro are seen at 30 to 90 minutes, as compared with 50 to 120 minutes for regular insulin

Insulin aspart and insulin glulisine have pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties similar to those of insulin lispro

Inhaled insulin is also considered short-acting

Peak levels of inhaled insulin

Regular insulin should be injected subcutaneously 15 minutes before a meal,

rapid-acting insulins are administered in the 15 minutes preceding a meal or within 15 to 20 minutes after starting a meal

Rapid acting insulin suspensions are commonly used in external insulin pumps, and they are suitable for IV administration, although regular insulin is most commonly used when the IV route is needed

NPH insulin is an

NPH insulin should be given subcutaneously (never IV), and intramuscular injection

NPH insulin, insulin glargine, insulin detemir, and insulin degludec are used for basal control and should only be administered

glargine act as long acting insulin

Long acting insulins should not be mixed in the same syringe with other insulins because doing so may alter the pharmacodynamic profile

Standard insulin therapy involves twice daily injections. while intensive treatment utilizes three or more injections

hypoglycemic episodes, coma and seizures is higher with standard treatment

patients on intensive therapy show a significant reduction microvascular complications of diabetes such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy

Amylin is a homone that is co-secreted within Insulin from B cells following food intake, It delays gastric imngrying, decreaes pospeandial glucagon secretion, and improves satiety

is a synthetic amylin analog that is indicated as adjunct to mealime insulin thenpy in patienes with type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Pramlintide may not be mixed in the same syringe with insulin, and it should be avoided in

Albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide, lixisenatide, and semaglutide are injectable GLP-1 receptor antagonist used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes

incretine act as

Albiglutide, dulaglutide, and semaglutide are dosed once weekly, while liraglutide is available as a once-daily injection