.........•● lung collapse ●•............

#Definition
⁃ Acollapsed lung happens when air enters the pleural space, the area between the lung and the chest wall.
اذا حدث الـ collapse في الرئة كامل يسمى حينها pneumothorax
واذا حدث في جزء فقط من الرئة يسمى atelectasis

#Causes
⁃ Trauma
⁃ Cigarette smoking ( rare )

• Note
The atelectasis is complication after surgery


#Clinical_feature
• Dyspnea
• Cyanosis
• a rapid heart rate
• low blood pressure

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 lung collapse due to trauma

#The_black_arrow
Hemothorax ( hemorrhage )

#The_black_star
Collapse

#Note
The lung is atrophy due to collapse

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 secondary atelectasis

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 secondary atelectasis ( collapse )


#The_black_arrow
Alveoli ( not dilation )

........•● Bronchial Asthma ●•..........

#Definition
⁃ Is condition in which airway narrow and swell and produce extra mucus


#Clinical_features
• Shortness of breath
• Chest tightness or pain
• Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common sign of asthma in children
• Trouble sleeping
• Coughing


#Causes
⁃ a combination of environmental
⁃ inherited (genetic) factors

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Bronchial asthma

#The_black_arrows
Occlusion of the bronchi & bronchial by mucous plugs

#The_green_arrow
Thick wall of bronchi & bronchial

#Description
Seen mucus secretion

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Bronchial asthma

#Description
Seen mucus secretion

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Chronic asthma

#The_black_arrows
Smooth muscle hypertrophy

#The_blue_arrow
Bronchial Lumen filled with mucus

#The_red_arrow
Hyalin cartilage

#The_green_arrow
Edema

#The_brown_arrow
Goblet cell hypertrophy

#Note
This slide has inflammatory cells ( eosinophils )

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Bronchial asthma

#The_black_arrow
Bronchial Lumen filled with mucus

#The_green_arrows
Blood vessels

#The_white_arrow
Hyalin cartilage

#The_blue_arrow
Smooth muscle hypertrophy

#The_black_star
Edema

#Note
This slide has inflammatory cells infiltration ( eosinophils )

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Bronchial asthma

#The_black_arrow
Eosinophils that appear bright red cytoplasm

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Bronchial asthma

#The_black_arrow
Charcot Leyden crystal
والتي نشوفها اثناء فحص الـ sputum

..........•● Emphysema ●•...........

#Definition
⁃ Abnormal enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles characterized by destruction of the alveolar septa with little or no fibrosis


#Causes
• Inhalation
• Cigarette smoking and
environmental pollutants
• Infections
• Genetic factors

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Emphysema

#The_white_arrows
Black anthracotic pigmentation

#Microscopic


#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Emphysema

#The_black_arrows
Wide alveolar space

#The_red_arrow
Thick walled capillaries

#Note
The Emphysema leads to
- loss of lung parenchyma
- loss of elastic recoil

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Bacterial pneumonia

#The_white_area
Pulmonary consolidation

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Bacterial pneumonia

#The_black_arrow
congested capillaries ( around the alveolar wall )

#The_green_arrows
Neutrophils

#The_blue_arrow
RBCs

#Note
The congested capillaries ( dilated & filed with RBCs )

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Viral pneumonia

#The_black_arrows
Interstitial lymphocytic infiltration

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 lung abscess

#The_white_arrow
Abscess

#The_black_arrow
Consolidation

#The_red_arrow
Rough Scarface

#Causes
- complication of sever pneumonia
- from virulent organisms as
• S.aureus
• pneumococci
• klebsiella pneumoniae

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 bacterial pneumonia early abscess

#The_black_arrow
Hemorrhage

#Note
The abscess formation with neutrophils
And the alveolar wall absent

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Tuberculose

#The_white_arrow
Ten yellow granuloma

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Tuberculosis

#The_black_arrows
Well defined granulomas

#The_blue_arrows
alveoli