Meconium aspiration syndrome

 occurs when a newborn breathes a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid into the lungs around the time of delivery. Meconium aspiration syndrome, a leading cause of severe illness and death in the newborn, occurs in about 5 percent to 10 percent of births.
بإختصار... يختنق ببرازه بنفسه اول ما ينولد😳


#عالطاير
#اللجنة_العلمية_للدفعة_الخامسة

تفريغ المحاضره الثانيه باثو
#عمل_اميرة_حسن
#قسم_الباثو
#اللجنة_العلمية_للدفعة_الخامسة

● respiratory disease
⁃ Is any of the diseases and
disorders of the airways and
the lungs that affect
human respiration


● Types of respiratory tract
infection
1. upper respiratory tract
infection
2. lower respiratory tract
infection


● Types of upper respiratory tract
infection
⁃ Acute infection
⁃ Nasal tumor
⁃ Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
⁃ Tumors of the larynx


.........•● Acute infection ●•...........

#Definition
⁃ is a contagious infection of
your upper respiratory tract.

#Causes
Both viruses and bacteria can cause acute URIs:
Viruses
• adenovirus
• coxsackievirus
• Parainfluenza virus
• human metapneumovirus
• And other

Bacteria
• group A beta-hemolytic
streptococci
• group C beta-hemolytic
streptococci
• Corynebacterium diphtheriae
(diphtheria)
• Neisseria gonorrhoeae
(gonorrhea)
• Chlamydia pneumoniae
(chlamydia)



#Clinical_features
⁃ nasal congestion
⁃ watery discharge
⁃ Sneezing
⁃ dry sore throat
وتبدأ هذه الأعراض غالباً من اليوم الأول الى الثالث بعد التعرض للعدوى حتى سبعة الى عشرة ايّام وقد تستمر الأعراض حتى ثلاثه اسابيع


#Types

The types of URIs refer to the parts of the upper respiratory tract most involved in the infection. In addition to the common cold, there are other types of URIs

1- Sinusitis
is inflammation of the sinuses.

2- Epiglottitis
is inflammation of the epiglottis, the upper part of your trachea. It protects the airway from foreign particles that could get into the lungs. Swelling of the epiglottis is dangerous because it can block the flow of air into the trachea.

3- Laryngitis
is inflammation of the larynx or voice box

4- Bronchitis
Is Inflammation of the bronchial tubes . The right and left bronchial tubes branch off from the trachea and go to the right and left lungs.


#Under_microscope
In the Acute infections seen the infiltration of inflammatory cell ( lymphocytes or Neutrophils )

...........•● Nasal tumor ●•..............

Definition
⁃ are benign epithelial tumors of the
nasal cavity
وتعرف ايضاً باسم Nasal papilloma

#Causes
⁃ Unknown but human papillomavirus
infection, smoking, and chronic
sinusitis


#Common_in
⁃ males between 40–60 years


#Clinical_features
• Difficulty breathing through
your nose
• Loss of the sense of smell
• Nosebleeds
• Discharge from your nose
• And other

#Types
• Inverted papilloma is the most
common
• Exophytic papilloma is Second
most common
• Oncocytic papilloma is less
common

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Nasal tumor or Nasal papilloma

#Description
1- Shape 👉🏻 smooth lobulated
2- Color 👉🏻 polyploid red mass
3- Size 👉🏻 1.5 cm

#polyploid 👉🏻 is mass growth on mucous or sub-mucous

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Nasal tumor or Nasal papilloma ( benign )


#The_black_arrow
Squamous cell

#The_white_arrow
Respiratory cell ( columnar )

#The_red_arrows
Neutrophils and micro abscesses

#The_green_arrows
capillaries

#The_blue_area
Cells collection in clusters

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 invasive squamous cell carcinoma ( malignant )

#The_black_arrows
Nest cells

#The_green_arrow
Central without capillaries


#Description
- hyper-chromatic nucleus
- all the cells is squamous cell
- nest cells irregular
- central without capillaries
- loss of smooth outer contour

.•● Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ●•.


#Definition
⁃ Is rare tumor and originates
from the nasopharyngeal mucosa

• WHO classification of
nasopharyngeal carcinoma to :
- Nonkeratinizing squamous cell
carcinoma
• Differentiated subtype
• Undifferentiated subtype
- Keratinizing squamous cell
carcinoma
- Basaloid squamous cell
carcinoma

#Causes
• Epstein Barr virus (EBV)
• attributed to high risk human
papillomavirus (HPV)


#Common_in
⁃ Young males

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma ( nasopharyngeal carcinoma )

#The_black_arrows
Intercellular bridges

#The_blue_arrows
keratinization cells


#Description_of_keratinization_cell
- large cell
- hyper-chromatic nucleus
- irregular
- The cytoplasm pink

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 differentiated squamous cell carcinoma


#The_black_arrow
Infiltration of lymphocytes or normal area

#The_blue_area
Abnormal appear pale

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma ( nonkeratinizing )

#The_black_arrows
Infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic

#Note
- all cell is abnormal

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma ( nonkeratinizing )


#The_black_arrows
Infiltration of lymphoplasmacytic

#Th_blue_arrow
Normal mucous

#Tumors_of_the_larynx

......•● laryngeal nodule ●•.......

#Definition
• Common benign laryngeal
lesion, also known as reactive
nodule or singer's nodule or
laryngeal polyp
• Clinical terms: nodule (sessile)
versus polyp (pedunculated)

#Causes
- abuse of voice
- smoke

#Sites
• True vocal cords

#Clinical_features
• Hoarseness in patients with
voice overuse or irritation

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 laryngeal nodule


#The_black_arrows
Hyperkeratotic or hyperplastic epithelium

#Th_blue_area
Edematous submucosa

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 laryngeal papilloma


#The_black_arrows
Fibrovascular core

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 laryngeal carcinoma ( will differentiated squamous cell carcinoma )


#The_black_arrow
keratin pearl

#Th_blue_arrow
Large cell with pink cytoplasm

#The_green_arrows
Intercellular bridges

#Causes
- smoke
- alcohol

Upper respiratory tract diseases 👆🏻👆🏻

#Explain_patho_practical_RS
#Pathology_Department
#The_scientific_Committee_of_the__5th_batch

https://youtu.be/B1G6JB8A6sc

فيديو انميشن حلو يشرح ال COPD

#مشاركة_سلمى_المنتصر
#اللجنة_العلمية_للدفعة_الخامسة

https://youtu.be/rgphaHmAC_A

فيديو انميشن يشرح المناعه الخاص بل lung

#عمل_سلمى_المنتصر
#اللجنة_العلمية_للدفعة_الخامسة

🏷السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاااته 🏷
🧲PATHOLOGY 🧲

الزملاء الأعزاء... 🤩🤎
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