الإجابة 👇🏻

1- Diagnosis 👉🏻 osteoma

2- Causes 👉🏻 unclear

3- Common features 👉🏻
1- Haversian system varies in sizes and shapes ( irregular )
2- have few osteocytes


4- Identify the arrow 👉🏻 Haversian like canal

5- Treatment 👉🏻 surgery

6- affected bones 👉🏻 ‏ ‏craniofacial bone


7- Common in 👉🏻 Older ( from 40 to 50 years ) and slight males predominance.

●—●• OSTEOID OSTEOMA •●—●

#Definition
• Small, benign, bone forming tumor associated with pain and limited growth potential
• Nidus < 2 cm (any larger size arbitrarily considered to be an osteoblastoma)
• It won't spread to other bones or parts of your body.

#Causes
• unclear . They seem to start with inflammation in the bone

#Clinical features
• Intense localized pain, worse at night, relieved by NSAIDs This Pain due to production of prostaglandin E2 in reactive zone
• Juxta - articular tumors with arthritis or joint dysfunction
• Vertebral tumors with scoliosis

#treatment
CT localization with excision or radiofrequency ablation, or medical management alone

#affected bone
• femur and tibia most common
• Virtually any bone can be affected


#Common in
• Children, adolescents and young adults (most patients 5 - 24 years old)
• male more than female


#Gross description
• Small circumscribed nidus with surrounding sclerosis (intact specimen)
• Most often received as red, gritty fragments post curettage

#Microscopic description
• Small, circumscribed
• Anastomosing, irregular trabeculae or solid, sclerotic nidus of woven bone with variable mineralization
• Rimmed by single layer of osteoblasts plus frequent osteoclasts
• Loose, fibrovascular stroma
• Surrounded by thick sclerotic bone

الإجابه👇🏻

1- Diagnosis 👉🏻 osteoid osteoma

2- Common features 👉🏻
A- irregular trabecular or solid
B- loose fibrovascular stroma
C- surrounded by thick sclerotic bone
D- single layer of osteoblasts + frequent osteoclasts

3- Identify each arrow
- black arrow 👉🏻 osteoblasts and osteocytes
- green arrow 👉🏻 irregular trabecular

1- Diagnosis 👉🏻 nidus

2- affected bones 👉🏻 femur and tibia most common and virtually and any bone

3- Clinical features 👉🏻 pain worse at night

4- common features 👉🏻
1- appears entirely in the cortex
2- red gritty ( color )
3- surrounding by sclerosis

1- Diagnosis 👉🏻 osteoid osteoma

2- Identify the arrows 👉🏻
1- osteoblasts
2-osteoclasts
3- dilated blood vessels
4- no evidence of tumor necrosis or cellular atypia

Draw arrow identify the site of thick sclerotic bone

1- Diagnosis 👉🏻 osteoid osteoma

2- Causes 👉🏻 unclear

3- Common in 👉🏻
• Children, and young adults (most patients 5 - 24 years old)
• male more than female

●——●• OSTEOSARCOMA •●——●

#Definition
• Malignant tumor in which the cells synthesize bone
• Most common primary malignant solid tumor of bone (plasma cell myeloma is actually the most common primary bone tumor but it's not a solid tumor)
• Many types of osteosarcoma that differ based on the tumor's location (within the bone or on the surface of the bone) and the grade of the tumor (low grade, intermediate grade or high grade)

#Common features
• Bone is necessary for diagnosis (typically has a filigree microscopic appearance)
• Most cases occur in children (10 - 14 years old) and are primary; secondary osteosarcoma is most common in adults

#affected bone
• Osteosarcoma may arise in any bone
• Most common : long bones of extremities

#Clinical features
• Painful enlarging mass lesion is common

#Gross description
• originates from metaphysis of the proximal humerus, extends into surrounding soft tissues


#Microscopic description
- eosinophilic cytoplasm ( little )
- hyper-cellular
- hyper-chromatic nuclei ( large )
- spindle cells ( different sizes and shapes
الإجابه 👇🏻

- Identify this microscopic picture ?

Osteosarcoma ( malignant tumor )
Arises from primitive transformed cells of mesenchymal origin

Characters by
- eosinophilic cytoplasm ( little )
- hyper-cellular
- hyper-chromatic nuclei ( large )
- spindle cells ( different sizes and shapes

✨Multiple myeloma ✨

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