#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Intracranial hemorrhage

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Hemorrhage
In the basal ganglia
non-traumatic and caused by hypertension

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Intracranial hemorrhage


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Hemorrhage
In the basal ganglia
non-traumatic and caused by hypertension

VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS
Inflammation in the brain due to viral infection such as HSV


✫Microscopic description
- Cuffs of lymphocyte infiltration around blood vessels
- Microglial nodule

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Viral Encephalitis
(Herbes Encephalitis)


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Hemorrhage

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Herbes encephalitis


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Lymphocyte

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Microglia

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Microglia nodule

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Herpes encephalitis


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Perivascular cuffs of lymphocyte

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Herpes encephalitis


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Perivascular cuffs of lymphocyte

#GROSS

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 congenital cytomegalovirus


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Periventricular calcification (chalky white)

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 congenital cytomegalovirus


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Large glial cell (cytomegalic)

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Hemorrhage

ACUTE BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
( septic meningitis )

✫Gross description
- tan yellow exudate
- Congestive and dilated blood vessels
- Obscures the sulci


✫Microscopic description
- Neutrophils
- Congestive and dilated blood vessels

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 acute bacterial meningitis


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Neutrophils infiltration

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Congestive and dilated blood vessels

MENINGIOMA

✫Gross description
- Rounded , circumscribed
- Multiples, grayish white
- whorly cut surface


✫The grades
༄ Grade 1( benign )
Syncytial
- meningothelial cells forming whorls (horning) without visible cell membranes
- eosinophilic cytoplasm

Psammomatous
- Psammoma bodies ( pink calcification )
- meningothelial cells

Fibrous
- cell neoplasm spindle in shape , optical clear and chromatin deposit in the membrane
- clusters of erythrocytes

transitional (mixed)
- has features of syncytial, psammomatous, and fibrous meningiomas

microcystic
- Nucleus plemorphism
- Blood vessels hyalinosis
- Vacuolated cytoplasm

༄ Grade 2 ( local carcinoma )
Chordoid
- myxoid background
- cells arranged in chordss
- Nucleus plemorphism , large mitosis active

Clear cell
- uniforms round nucleus
- blocky collagen (thick and short)
- chicken wire blood vessels

༄ Grade 3 ( Invasive )
Brain papillary
- Nucleus plemorphism, optical clear
- hyperchrmatic, atypia
- Blood vessels
- fingers like projection

Anaplastic
- Nucleus optically clear
- hypercellularity
- Nest
- Necrosis
- Mitosis

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 syncytial meningioma


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Whorls of cells

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Psammomatous meningioma


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Meningothelial cells

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Psammoma bodies

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Psammomatous meningioma

#MICROSCOPIC

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 transitional meningioma

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Psammoma body

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Fibrous

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Syncytial