#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Colloid goiter ( simple goiter/diffuse nontoxic goiter)


#The_black_area
Follicle 

#The_features
The follicles enlarged and filled by abundant colloid , with Flattened follicular epithelial lining

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Graves diseases

#The_features
IN CUT SECTION
- Diffuse enlarged
- symmetrically
- lobulated
- beefy red (lighter) in color

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 graves diseases


#The_black_area
 lymphoid follicle

#The_blue_arrows
papillary infoldings

#The_features
- Tall follicular cells (tall columnar epithelium cells) with papillae usually lacking fibrovascular cores
بسبب انه الخلايا حصل لها hyperplasia
- Nuclei are round, often basally located, rarely overlap
- Scalloping of colloid , or vacuoles due to follicular cells eat colloid for the production of hormones

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 graves diseases


#The_black_area
 lymphoid follicle

#The_blue_arrows
papillary infoldings

#The_brown_arrows
follicular cells appear columnar

#The_yellow_arrows
Scalloping or vacuoles

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 follicular thyroid neoplasm (follicular adenoma)


#The_white_arrow
Normal thyroid

#The_black_arrow
Capsule

#The_blue_star
Neoplasm (adenoma)

#The_features
- an encapsulated round
neoplasm with a uniform (solitary) nodule.
- bright brown appearance, surrounded by a rim of normal thyroid

NOTES
• Cause pressure symptoms
• Painless
• Cause hyperthyroidism

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 follicular thyroid neoplasm ( follicular adenoma )

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 follicular thyroid neoplasm


#The_black_arrow
Normal follicles

#The_red_area
Capsule

#The_white_arrow
Neoplasm (adenoma)

#The_features
- well differentiation
- an encapsulated round
neoplasm
- The tumor is composed of cloclosely packed follicles

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 follicular thyroid neoplasm


#The_black_arrow
Normal follicles

#The_red_area
Capsule

#The_white_arrow
Neoplasm (adenoma)

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Papillary carcinoma


#The_blue_arrows
Normal thyroid

#The_black_arrows
Tumor tissue

#The_red_arrow
Calcification (Psammoma body)

#The_yellow_arrows
Tumor tissue
هنا عامله infiltrative

#The_features
- The tumor is usually solid
- grey white in color
- papillary projections
- sometimes it can be multifocal
- encapsulated or infiltrative
- calcification (appear white in color)

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Papillary carcinoma


#The_blue_arrow
Colloid

#The_black_arrow
Normal thyroid

#The_white_arrow
papillary projections of the tumor

#The_white_star
Tumor tissue

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Papillary carcinoma


#The_black_arrow
papillary projections of the tumor

#The_white_arrows
Tumor tissue

#The_blue_arrow
Calcification

#The_green_arrow
Normal thyroid

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Papillary carcinoma


#The_white_arrow
Psammoma body

#The_green_arrows
Optical clear nuclei ( ground glass nuclei)

#The_blue_arrows
Papillae

#The_black_arrows
Papillae by transfert section

#The_features
Nuclear features
- Change of nuclear size and shape
• nuclear enlargement, elongation
• Nuclear overlapping:  the nuclei are so crowded that they look like they are sitting on one another
• Ground glass nuclei : it means the chromatin is finely dispersed and optically clear. This appearance is also known as “Orphan Annie Eye” 
• groove nuclei are formed due to folding of  the unessential nuclear membrane
• nuclear inclusions
• Vascular Nuclei
- Nuclear membrane irregular

Other features
- randomly oriented papillae with fibrovascular cores
- Psammoma body in the fibrovascular cores

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Papillary carcinoma


#The_blue_arrows
Overlapping nuclei

#The_black_arrows
Groove nuclei

#The_red_arrows
Optical clear nuclei ( ground glass nuclei)

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Papillary carcinoma


#The_blue_arrows
Nucler inclusion

#The_black_arrows
Vascular nucleus

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Medullary carcinoma


#The_blue_arrow
hyaline material
الذي تظهر باللون الوردي

#The_red_arrow
Amyloid

NOTES
• The medullary carcinoma is Neuroendocrine tumor derived from C cells (formerly called parafollicular cells) 
• Painless
• can be sporadic or familial. The familial kind are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome.

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Medullary carcinoma


#The_blue_star
Amyloid
الذي يظهر لونها reddish بواسطة صبغة Congo red

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Normal adrenal gland


#The_black_arrow
Normal right adrenal gland

#The_white_arrow
Adipose tissue

#The_blue_arrow
Kidney

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Normal adrenal gland


#The_red_star
Periadrenal fat

#The_black_star
Capsule

#The_blue_star
Zona glomerulosa
THE CELLS
- well defined cells
- Rounded
- acidophilic cytoplasm
- lipid droplets
- secretes mineralocorticoids

#The_yellow_star
Zona fasiculata
THE CELLS
- Broad band of large cells with distinct membranes arranged in cords
- Cytoplasm has numerous small lipid vacuoles
- secretes glucocorticoids

#The_green_star
Zona reticularis
THE CELLS
- Granular and eosinophilic cytoplasm with minimal lipid
- Richly vascularized, capsular blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics penetrate along connective tissue septae
- secretes androgens

#The_brown_star
Medulla

#Gross


A
#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Atrophy adrenal gland
DUE TO Addison’s disease or Long term using of Corticosteroids and stop using it suddenly not gradually

B
#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Normal adrenal gland
• The cortex is yellow in color
• The medulla is red in color

C
#Diagnosis 👉🏻 adrenal hyperplasia
DUE TO Cushing's disease

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Adrenal nodular hyperplasia


#The_black_arrows
Nodules

#The_blue_arrows
Lipid poor pink cells like reticulari

#The_red_arrows
Lipid-rich clear cells like fasciculata

NOTES
- The Nodules larger than 3mm ( macronodular )
- metaplasia or atrophic cortex between nodules

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻  Adrenocortical adenoma


#The_white_arrow
Adenoma

#The_features
- Circumscribed , Unilateral, solitary
- yellow tan in color
- Hemorrhage
- Functional adenoma may result in atrophy of contralateral adrenal cortex

NOTE
Cause hypertension and hypokalemia