#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Barretts esophagus


#The_white_arrows
Island of reddish metaplastic mucosa

metaplastic 👉🏻 from squamous to columnar

#The_causes
Chronic GERD


⭕️ NOTE
Ulceration may occur with bleeding and pain ; inflammation with stricture may ensue.

A
#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Normal esophagus

#The_white_arrow
normal white squamous mucosa

B
#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Barretts esophagus

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Barretts esophagus


#The_black_arrow
columnar epithelium ( abnormal )

#The_white_arrows
goblet cells in the columnar mucosa

#The_blue_arrow
Squamous epithelium ( normal )

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Barretts esophagus


#The_blue_arrow
columnar epithelium ( abnormal )

#The_green_arrow
goblet cells

#The_black_arrow
Squamous epithelium ( normal )

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 squamous cell carcinoma


#The_white_arrow
irregular reddish, ulcerated exophytic mid-esophageal mass 

Causing lumenal stenosis
Risk factors
- smoking and alcoholism

🌸 Classifications of squamous
dysplasia

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 squamous cell carcinoma at the right

#The_black_arrows
Invasive of squamous cells from mucosa to submucosa

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 squamous cell carcinoma


#The_black_arrow
small remnant of normal squamous esophageal mucosa

#The_white_arrow
Solid nests of neoplastic cells

#The_green_arrow
thick, invasive squamous cell carcinoma

#The_blue_arrows
Hemorragia

🌸 Squamous cell carcinoma

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 squamous cell carcinoma

🌸 The Grades of squamous cell
carcinoma

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Adenocarcinoma

More common at the gastroesophageal junction

#Endoscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Adenocarcinoma


#The_black_arrow
A pale, polypoid, exophytic mass

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Adenocarcinoma (invasive)

#The_white_arrows
Gland with multiple lumen

#The_features_of_glands
- with multiple de
- the lumen is irregular
- Nuclear hyperchromatism
- Thickening

The second lab DONE ✔️

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Acute gastritis


#The_white_arrows
Small erosions ( Hemorrhagic gastritis )

#The_features
gastric mucosa of the fundus is diffusely hyperemic, with multiple petechiae

#The_causes
- alcohol
- drugs such as NSAIDS
- stress, uremia, bile reflux
- portal hypertension, radiation
- chemotherapy
- Trauma ( N/G tube )
- post surgery ( vasogastrectomy )

⭕️ NOTE
The different between the ulcer and erosions
The erosions on the surface only
The ulcer in all layers

قد يتحول ال erosions هذا الى small ulcer 👇🏻
Acute gastritis 👉🏻 Hemorrhagic gastritis 👉🏻 erosions gastritis 👉🏻 stress 👉🏻 Acute ulcer

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Acute gastritis


#The_blue_arrow
Neutrophiles like beans form

#The_red_arrow
Gland

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 chronic gastritis

#The_white_star
Lymphocytic infiltrate

#The_red_arrow
Mucosal atrophy

#The_blue_arrow
H.pylori ( appear in the warthin starry silver stain )

#The_green_arrow
Neutrophiles like beans form

#The_causes
- H.pylori
- autoimmune gastritis

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 chronic gastritis


#The_black_arrow
Intestinal ( goblet cell ) metaplasia

#The_white_arrow
Chronic Inflammatory cell infiltration ( lymphocytic )

#The_blue_arrow
Mucosal atrophy

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 chronic gastritis


#The_black_arrows
Intestinal ( goblet cell ) metaplasia

🌸 Peptic ulcer at stomach