🌸 The esophagus is composed of
three parts
- upper part 👉🏻 skeletons muscles
- middle part 👉🏻 mixed muscles
( smooth & skeletons)
- lower part 👉🏻 smooth muscles


⭕️ NOTE
The upper & middle part is the most offered for Squmas cell carcinoma

The lower part at the gastroesophageal junction is the most offered for adenocarcinoma

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Normal esophagus, endoscopy


#pale_pink 👉🏻 squamous mucosa of the esophagus

#darker_pink 👉🏻 columnar mucosa of the stomach

#The_black_arrow
the gastroesophageal junction

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Normal esophagus, microscopic


#The_blue_arrow 👉🏻 normal squamous mucosa

#Thr_green_arrow 👉🏻 underlying submucosa containing minor mucous glands

#The_black_arrow 👉🏻 duct surrounded by lymphoid tissue

#The_black_star 👉🏻 muscularis

A
#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Normal esophagus

B , C
#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Atresia & Fistula

#The_black_arrow
Tracheoesophageal fistula

#The_blue_arrow
Esophageal atresia

The atresia is failure to development segament of esophagus replace by non canalis lumen

⭕️ NOTE
المعدة بيحصل لها distancian بسبب دخول الهواء من ال Trachea وبيحصل كمان Aspiration Pneumonia

#Radiographs

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 esophageal stenosis

stenosis is obstruction of lumen

#The_red_arrow 👉🏻 stenosis

#The_Causes
- acquired due to surgery ( fibrosis)
- autoimmune disease
- cancer ( benign & malignant )

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 esophageal fibrosis


#The_black_arrow 👉🏻 Stratified squamous epithelium

#The_white_arrows 👉🏻 remaining of muscles

#The_black_star 👉🏻 Collagen ( fibrosis )
ويلي تظره باللون الازرق مع minimal lymphocytic infiltrate

#The_stain
trichrome stain

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Hiatal hernia

#Type I 👉🏻 sliding hiatal hernia
هذا النوع يسبب GERD يوجد بنسبه 95%

#Type II 👉🏻 paraesophageal hiatal hernia
هذا النوع لا يحصل فيه GERD وهو خطير لانه بيحصل فيه necrosis وربما يتحول إلى سرطان ويوجد بنسبة 5%

#Type III 👉🏻 mixed hiatal hernia

#Type IV 👉🏻 mixed with intestine
والذي يكون بسبب ضعف في الحجاب الحاجز ، بسبب trauma او بسبب قصر في المرئ

#Radiographs

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 paraesophageal hiatal hernia

A 👉🏻 esophageal Normal
B 👉🏻 esophageal achalasia

achalasia is failure to relaxation of cardiac sphincter

#Causes_of_achalasia
- 1ry 👉🏻 idiopathic
- 2ry 👉🏻 diabetic 👇🏻
والذي يعمل مشاكل في الاعصاب
- Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi

#Treatment
- myotomy
- balloon dilatation

#Endoscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 esophageal varices

#Microscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 esophageal varices


#The_black_arrow
Inflammatory cells infiltration ( Neutrophiles )

#The_white_arrow
Hemorragia

#Gross

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 Herpes esophagitis


#The_white_arrow
Ulceration that have a brown red base

⭕️ NOTE
These ulcerations have a “punched-out” appearance

#Clinical_features
- dysphagia
- rarely causes bleeding or obstruction

#Endoscopic

#Diagnosis 👉🏻 candida Esophagitis


#The_white_arrow
grayish white pseudomembrane or plaque

#Clinical_features
- dysphagia
- odynophagia
- rarely cause hemorrhage or obstruction