In an AP apical projection, the central ray is angled 30 degrees towards:

A patient needs a cardiac cath, but has severe peripheral vascular disease in both legs (claudication). According to the techniques in Lecture 2, which access site is the best alternative?

After a femoral puncture, the patient suddenly complains of severe back pain and their blood pressure drops. What complication from the "complications list" should you suspect?

The doctor is struggling to engage the Left Coronary Artery (LCA) with a standard JL4 catheter. Which "Alternative" catheter mentioned in the equipment list could be tried next?

During the diagnostic angiogram, a 95% stenosis (blockage) is found in the RCA. What is the correct sequence of tools to treat this according

Before starting the femoral puncture, you have loaded 10cc of lignocaine. What is the first thing you should do with the 26-31 gauge needle?

A patient has chest pain but wants a "non-invasive" way to check their coronary arteries first. Which modality is most appropriate?

The procedure is finished, and the sheath is removed. The site starts bleeding profusely. What is the immediate best action based on the "Hemostasis" section?

During femoral access, the 18G needle is in the artery, but the guidewire meets resistance. What should you do according to safe practice?

To see the "Bifurcation" of the Left Main into LAD and LCx clearly, which projection is often used in the lab?