#International Amazon biome; spans across; Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana.

#mnemonic BBC-PEG-VFS.

#international MoU between MDoNER + UNDP; progress of SDGs, Emerging tech in governance.

#environment debt-fossil fuel trap

#environment rich countries force poor nations to rely on fossil fuels.

#environment debt-fossil fuel trap; resource backed loans (RBLs).

#international ICC; International Criminal Court is an intergovernmental organisation and international tribunal seated in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for crimes against humanity. ICC is distinct from ICJ, an organ of the UN. Governed by an international treaty called 'The Rome Statute', the ICC is the world’s first permanent international criminal court. *India did not sign the Rome Statute, and thus, is not a member of ICC because of following reasons: State sovereignty, crime definition, etc. Four principal organs: Presidency, Judicial divisions, Office of Prosecutor, Registry.

#history The Battle of Swally occurred in 1612 between English and Portuguese. EIC u/ Thomas Best won. As a result of this victory, EIC under Thomas Roe, secured a Farman from the court of Jehangir. Beginning with Surat, English started establishing forts.

#science demon particle

#environment Methane-eating bacteria (methanotrophs).

#environment Sloth Bear:
IUCN: Vulnerable
Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule 1
Their range includes India, Sri Lanka and southern Nepal.
90% of the global Sloth Bear population is found in India.

#international Odesa: Ukraine. The river Danube originates in the Black Forest Mountain and drains into the Black Sea.

#international The Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) is an intergovernmental organisation, composed of the four Melanesian states of Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu; and the Liberation front of New Caledonia. In June 2015, Indonesia was recognized as an associate member.

#mnemonic FPVNI.

#international International atomic energy agency (IAEA): HQ: Vienna, Austria. An organization within the United Nations family, the IAEA is the international centre for cooperation in the nuclear field. Reports annually to the UNGA. Being a 'designated Member', India has served on the Board of Governors of the IAEA since its inception.

#international Pacific Islands Forum; It is a UNGA observer; Biketawa declaration is related to PIF. India is a dialogue partner of PIF; along with China and US.

#geography Fujiwhara effect

#international Maitri Setu; India-Bangladesh

#technology SeamlessM4T; Advanced multilingual AI translation and transcription model.

#technology LUPEX

#polity Advisory board on Banking and Financial Frauds (ABBFF); constituted by CVC.

#technology cyber threats; LockBIT, Akira, Luna Moth.

#international Digital Services Act: EU.