❇️Fludarabine is administered IV rather than orally, because intestinal bacteria split off the sugar to yield the very toxic metabolite, fluoroadenine.

❇️Bleomycin is cell cycle specific and causes cells to accumulate in the G2 phase. It is primarily used in the treatment of testicular cancers and Hodgkin lymphoma.

⚠️Cyclophosphamide is available in oral and IV preparations, whereas ifosfamide is IV only.

❇️VBL (vinblastine)is administered with
bleomycin and cisplatin for the treatment of metastatic testicular carcinoma

❇️Tamoxifen is used for first-line therapy in the treatment of estrogen receptor–positive breast cancer. It is also used for prevention of breast cancer in high-risk women.