طبعا كلشي بهاي قناة مو الي بس ك مراجعة حفظتهن هيج ب قناة

🔔يلا نكمل مراجعة الجزء الثاني للكجر 6️⃣

وصلنا للهرمون الثالث ⤵️

3⃣Somatostatin ( GH inhibiting hormone)

شنو وظيفة هذا الهرمون داخل الجسم ❓

➡️Bind to receptors that suppress and inhibit release of ⏺️
🔴GH
🔴TSH
🔴Insulin
🔴Glucagon
🔴Gastrin

🔴What is the synthetic analogue of somatostatin ‼️
⬇️
🌟Octreotide
🌟Lanreotide

👈زين شنو فرقهم عن الهرمون الطبيعي ❓

Longer half life ☑️☑️

بحيث لما ننطيها بشكل depot حنكدر ننطيها كل 4️⃣ اسابيع

Therapeutic uses

🟠Treatment of acromegaly
🟠Treatment of severe diarrhea
🟠Treatment of flushing episodes associated with carcinoid tumors

✨IV infusion of octreotide used for ⬇️⬇️
bleeding esophageal varices

💡يستخدم لشنو ؟؟؟
bleeding esophageal varices

اي عيدوها حتى لاتنسوها لان
استخدامها  مميز ✅
🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤

4⃣Gonadotropins

⬅️هم ال FSH وال LH

وين راح نستخدم هذه للهرمونات 👀

لل infertility اكيد ✅✅

👈والدوا اللي عدنا لهذا الهرمون هو 👇👇

Menotropins

او نسميه hMG
او
human menopausal gonadotropins 
↘️↘️
Are obtained from urine of postmenopausal women

والاسم التجاري اله Pregonal  

ويحتوي طبعا على ال FSH وال LH 
ونركز بهاي المعلومة كلش زين لان مهمة 😉

Urofolitropin is FSH

Follitropin alfa and follitropin beta

➡️Are human FSH

ال uro ناخذه من ال postmenopausal ✅

ال folli هذا صنعناها بال
rDNA technology ☑️

hCG

🌟is a placental hormone
Excreted in urine of pregnant women

📥الاسم التجاري pregenyl تابع لاي اسم من اللي ذكرناهم ؟؟
➡️hCG  😍

Therapeutic uses

🌟For infertile women: Give menotropin at 5-12 days of menstrual cycle (for growth and maturation of follicals) followed by HCG at day 13-15 from period for ovulation.

🌟For infertile men: Give HCG for maturation of external sexual organs followed by menotropin for induction of spermatogenesis.
🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤🔤

5⃣Prolactin

طبعا مستحيل نكون واصلين لهاي المرحلة ومانعرف شنو هو البرولاكتين 😅
اكيد هرمون الحليب ✅

بس ندقق شوية بشغله حتى مانخربط بي بالامتحان 🤓

هو يسوي شغلتين ⬇️⬇️

➡️Stimulate and maintain lactation
➡️Decrease sexual drive and reproductive function

💬زين منو يحفز هذا الهرمون حتى ينفرز ‼️

Thyrotropinreleasing hormone ✅

💬ومنو يمنع افرازه 🧐
➡️Dopamine ✅
➡️act at D2 receptors

✨منو عدنا ادوية من ال D2 agonist ❓

1⃣Cabergolin 💊
2⃣Bromocriptin💊

1⃣Bromocritpin

Used for :
➡️Pituitary microadenomas
➡️Type 2 diabetes

2⃣ Cabergorlin

Used for :
➡️Pituitary microadenomas

#pituitary

Plate & Frame vs. Disc Filters
#clarification

🔖الجزء الثالث لمراجعة لكجر 6️⃣

*️⃣Pituitary gland

*️⃣بعد ماكملنا كل الهرمونات اللي تنفرز من ال ⤵️
Anterior pituitary

وعرفنا شنو شغلهم واستخداماتهم وادويتهم✅✅

🎚راح نكمل هسة بالهرمونات اللي تنفرز من ال 👇👇
Posterior pituitary gland

ونرجع نراجع ال S.E الهم كلهم سوا 😉
متفقييييييين 👀؟؟؟؟

يلا ننطلق 🔥🔥🔥


👈شنو هم الهرمونات اللي راح تنفرز ‼️
فقط 2️⃣
➡️Vasopressin
➡️Oxytocin

وماكو اي هرمونات تتحكم بافرازهم مثل اللي جانت تطلع من ال anterior ✔️

وهي تتصنع بال hypothalamus وتنتقل بعدين لل posterior pituitary

وافرازها يكون اعتمادا على 🔽
Physiologic signals
مثل شنو ؟؟
👉Plasma osmolarity
👉Parturition

1⃣Oxytocin 

Therapeutic uses

🌟Used in obstetics to stimulate uterine contraction and induce labor
🌟Milk ejection

2⃣Vasopressin (Antidiuretic hormone)

لاتنسون اختصاره هو ADH ✅✅

🔘Have both antidiuretic and vasopressor effects

👈اكو مستقبلات اثنين يشتغل عليهم ✌️ 
V1 , V2 receptor

➡️V1 receptor
يشتغل بالكبد وال Smooth muscle
فيسوي constrction ✅


➡️V2 receptor
هذه بالكلى ويرتبط بيها
حتى يزيد من نفاذية المي واعادة امتصاصه وين ؟
طبعا بال collecting duct😉

📥واستخداماته حتكون كالتالي ⬇️⬇️

🌟Diabetes insipidus
🌟Septic shock
🌟Controlling bleeding due to esophageal varices

What is the analog of vasopressin ‼️

Desmopressin

👈وهذا يشتغل على ال V1
ماعنده pressor effect

زين شنو فرقه عن ال ADH
ان هو 👈
Long acting
وكلش كلش مفضل بحالة ال 👇👇
Diabetes insipidus
Nocturnal enuresis

لهنا احنا كملنا كل ادوية ال Pituitary gland كاملة ✅✅

#pituitary

هسة نراجع  كل ال Side effects لادوية لكجر 6️⃣
🔖( Piruitary gland )

1⃣ACTH

🌟With longer use cause
🕊️Hypertension 😤
🕊️Peripheral edema 🫥
3️⃣Hypokalemia 🔽
4️⃣Emotional disturbances 😔
5️⃣Increased risk of infection 🦠

2⃣Somatropin

🕊️Pain at injection site 💉💉
🕊️Edema 🫥
3️⃣Arthralagia
4️⃣Mylagia
5️⃣Nausea 🤢
6️⃣Increased risk of diabetes

3⃣Octreotide

🔴Bradycardia 💔💔
🔴Diarrhea
🔴Abdominal pain
🔴Flatulence
🔴Nausea
🔴Steatorrhea
🔴Dalyed gallbladder emptying
🔴Asymptomatic cholestrol gallstones with long term use

4⃣Gonadotropins

🌟Ovarian enlargment
🌟Possible ovarian hyperstimulation syndrom which may be life threatining

🌟Multiple birth can occur 👶👶

5⃣Bromocriptin
6⃣Cabergolin

😉Nausea 🤢🤢
😉Headach 🤕🤕
😉Less frequently psychosis

7⃣Oxytocin

▫️Hypertension 😤😤
▫️Uterine rupture
▫️Water retention 🫥🫥
▫️Fetal death may occur

8⃣Vasopressin

▫️Water intoxication
▫️Hyponatremia
▫️Abdominal pain
▫️Tremor
▫️Vertigo 😵‍💫😵‍💫




💡Note :
Somatropin should not be used in pediatric patients with closed epiphyses, patients with diabetic retinopathy, or obese patients with Prader-Willi syndrome
#pituitary

ملخص
ان شاء الله يفيدكم

🔔يلا نراجع سريعا كل ادوية السكر 💊💊

Lec.5️⃣I Drugs for diabetes

📥Insulins 💉💉

1⃣Short acting

🌟Regular insulin

2⃣Rapid acting

🌟Lispro
🌟Aspart
🌟Glulisine

3⃣Intermediate acting insulin

🌟Neutral prostamine Hagedorn (NPH)

4⃣Long acting insulin

🌟Detemir
🌟Degludec
🌟Glargine

5⃣Insulin Combination

🌟70% NPH ➕ 30% Regular
🌟50% NPH ➕ 50% Regular

📥Synthetic amylin analog
🌟Pramilintide

📥GLP1 receptor agonist
🌟Albiglutide
🌟Dulaglutide
🌟Exenatide
🌟Liraglutide
🌟Lixisenatide
🌟Semaglutide


📥Oral hypoglycemic drugs

1⃣Sulfonylureas

🌟Glipizide
🌟Glyburide
🌟Glimepiride

2⃣Glinides

🌟Repaglinide
🌟Nateglinide

3⃣Biguanides

🌟Meformin

4⃣Thiazolidinediones

🌟Pioglitazone
🌟Rosiglitazone

5⃣Alpha -glucosidase inhibitors

🌟Acarbose
🌟Miglitol

6⃣DPP4 inhibitors

🌟Alogliptin
🌟Linagliptin
🌟Saxagliptin
🌟Sitaglitptin

7⃣SGLT2 inhibitors

🌟Canagliflozin
🌟Dapagliflozin
🌟Empagliflozin
🌟Ertugliflozin

8⃣Dopamine agonist 

🌟Bromocriptin

9⃣Bile acid sequestrant

🌟Cloesvelam

#diabetes

🔖تجميع لحالات ال Contraindication لمادة الفارما الوزارية


▫️Methotrexate   ❌Pregnancy
▫️Leflunomide     ❌Pregnancy
▫️Lenalidomide   ❌Pregnancy
▫️Pomalidomide ❌Pregnancy
▫️Colchicine        ❌ Pregnancy
▫️Testosterone   ❌ Pregnancy
      
▫️GLP-1 agonist ❌ History of medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2


▫️Metformin ❌ Renal dysfunction

▫️ Acarbose , miglitol ❌
IBD , colonic ulceration , intestinal obstruction

▫️Oral contraceptives ❌ Cerebrovascular and thromboembolic disease

▫️Tamoxifen ❌ women who have past or active history of venous thromboembolic events


✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨✨

➖Caution

▫️NSAIDs ▫️ Asthma
▫️Colchicine ▫️ Hepatic , renal , cardiovascular disease

▫️Febuxostat ▫️ Heart disease or stroke

▫️Sulfonylurea ▫️ Hepatic , renal insufficiency

▫️Glinides ⤴️ Heaptic impairment

▫️Metformin ⤵️
patient older  > 80 years
Heart failure
Alcohol abuse

▫️Alogliptin , Saxagliptin ⤵️
Patient with or at risk of heart failure


#Dr_Cube_Pharmacy 🦷

• أدوية الضغط الآمنة خلال فترة الحمل🤰:
بالكلمة ( NMLH ) نملة 🐜

[N]: Nifedipine
[H]: Hydralazine
[M]: Methyldopa
[L]: Labetalol

#ht

🔻ملاحظات
#Diabetes 💯 :
https://t.me/Habshklat_HAR/1094
#Pituitary 💯:
https://t.me/Habshklat_HAR/1103
#bone., OP. 💯 :
https://t.me/Habshklat_HAR/1153
#Contraceptive 💯:
https://t.me/Habshklat_HAR/1204
.
.
مد

https://t.me/Pharmacists_MCQ/10329

مراجعة lec10

https://t.me/Pharmacists_MCQ/10371

مراجعة Lec11

https://t.me/Pharmacists_MCQ/10415

مراجعة Lec12
#cancer

1- #Diabetes

drugs
https://t.me/pharma511/6
Mechanism
https://t.me/pharma511/77
Adverse effects
https://t.me/pharma511/76
———————————————————
2-#Bone metabolism
https://t.me/pharma511/88
📌MCQ
https://t.me/pharma511/96
———————————————————
3-#Pituitary gland
https://t.me/pharma511/98
#Thyroid hormone
https://t.me/pharma511/104

#cancer
لكجر 10
ملخص لطيف َوكامل

لكجر 11
ملخص كامل مكمل

لكجر 12
هذا الملف
وهذا رابط شرح الملف بشكل مسرع

لكجر 6
Posterior pituitary
Thyroid gland

لكجر 8
الاستروجين

لكجر 5
ملخص كامل مكمل مع اساله وزاريه

لكجر 9
ملخص شامل

MTX
- acute lymphocytic leukemia
- burkitt lymphoma

pemetrexed - non small cell lung cancer

pralatrexate - refractory T cell lymphoma


adverse effect ( hematologic toxicity)
#cancer +👇

purine analogs

6-MP -- acute lymphoblastic leukemia
6-MP and azathioprine --- Crohn's disease



fludarabine
- chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- hairy cell leukemia
- non Hodgkin's lymphoma

pyrimidine analogs

(thymidine) 5-FU --- slow-growing solid tumor

(cytidine)
- cytarabine --- acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (AML)

- Azacitidine --- myelodysplastic syndrome

- gemcitabine
- pancreatic cancer
- nonsmall cell lung cancer

فرقوا بين
MTX — acute lymphocytic leukemia
6-MP -- acute lymphoblastic leukemia
cytarabine --- acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (AML)
fludarabine -- chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Methotrexate (MTX)

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

Burkitt lymphoma (in children)

Breast cancer

Bladder cancer

Head and neck carcinomas

Severe psoriasis (low dose)

Rheumatoid arthritis (low dose)

Crohn’s disease (low dose)

Pemetrexed

Non–small cell lung cancer

Pralatrexate

Relapsed or refractory T-cell lymphoma

6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Crohn’s disease (with Azathioprine)

6-Thioguanine

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Fludarabine

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Hairy cell leukemia

Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Cladribine

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Hairy cell leukemia

Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)

Colorectal cancer

Breast cancer

Ovarian cancer

Pancreatic cancer

Gastric carcinoma

Superficial basal cell carcinoma (topical)

Capecitabine

Colorectal cancer

Metastatic breast cancer

Cytarabine

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Azacitidine

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)

Myelodysplastic syndromes

Gemcitabine

AML

Pancreatic cancer

Non–small cell lung cancer

Doxorubicin

Acute leukemias

Sarcomas

Breast cancer

Lymphomas (Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin)

Daunorubicin

Acute leukemias

Idarubicin

Acute leukemias

Mitoxantrone

Prostate cancer

Bleomycin

Testicular cancer

Hodgkin lymphoma

Cyclophosphamide

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Sarcomas

Breast cancer

Ovarian cancer

Ifosfamide

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Sarcomas

Carmustine

Brain tumors (e.g. glioblastomas, astrocytomas)

Lomustine

Brain tumors

Dacarbazine

Hodgkin lymphoma

Melanoma

Temozolomide

Brain tumors (glioblastomas, astrocytomas)

Metastatic melanoma

Mechlorethamine

Lymphatic cancers

Melphalan

Multiple myeloma

Chlorambucil

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Busulfan

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Vincristine

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (in children)

Wilms tumor

Ewing soft tissue sarcoma

Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Vinblastine

Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Testicular cancer (with Bleomycin + Cisplatin)

Vinorelbine (VRB)

Advanced non–small cell lung cancer

Paclitaxel

Advanced ovarian cancer

Metastatic breast cancer

Non–small cell lung cancer (with Cisplatin)

Docetaxel

Non–small cell lung cancer

Gastrointestinal cancers

Breast cancer

Prostate cancer

Tamoxifen

Breast cancer (premenopausal)

Raloxifene

Breast cancer (postmenopausal)

Fulvestrant

Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (postmenopausal)

Anastrozole

Breast cancer (postmenopausal, 1st-line)

Letrozole

Breast cancer (postmenopausal, 1st-line)

Exemestane

Breast cancer (postmenopausal)

Leuprolide

Breast cancer (premenopausal)

Prostate cancer

Goserelin

Breast cancer (premenopausal)

Prostate cancer

Triptorelin

Breast cancer (premenopausal)

Flutamide

Prostate cancer

Nilutamide

Prostate cancer

Bicalutamide

Prostate cancer

Cisplatin

Testicular cancer

Ovarian cancer

Bladder cancer

Carboplatin

Ovarian cancer (alternative to Cisplatin)

Oxaliplatin

Colorectal cancer

Topotecan

Small cell lung cancer

Metastatic ovarian cancer (alternative)

Colorectal cancer (with 5-FU + leucovorin)

Irinotecan

Colorectal cancer (with 5-FU + leucovorin)

Etoposide

Lung cancer

Testicular cancer (with Bleomycin + Cisplatin)

Abiraterone

Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer

Thalidomide

Multiple myeloma

Lenalidomide

Multiple myeloma

Pomalidomide

Multiple myeloma

Bortezomib

Multiple myeloma

Ixazomib

Multiple myeloma

Carfilzomib

Multiple myeloma

Pembrolizumab

Immunotherapy for various cancers

Nivolumab

Immunotherapy for various cancers

#cancer

جداول مقارنة بين عوائل العشيرة الأولى
Steroid Hormones and Their Antagonists
في المحاضرة 12 لمنهاج الفارما الوزاري

#cancer