Which condition may lead to decreased pain sensation in patients with diabetes mellitus?
Anonymous Quiz
84%
A) Neuropathy
1%
B) Hypertension
4%
C) Hyperthyroidism
8%
D) Coronary artery disease
3%
E) None of the above
What is the primary effect of all calcium channel blockers (CCBs)?
Anonymous Quiz
49%
A) Decrease contractility
7%
B) Increase heart rate
19%
C) Decrease blood pressure
20%
D) Increase myocardial oxygen demand
5%
E) None of the above
What is the preferred dosing schedule for extended-release isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN)?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
A) Once daily
71%
B) Twice daily, 7 hours apart
13%
C) Three times daily, every 4-5 hours
2%
D) Every 2 hours
0%
E) None of the above
Which medication should be used for relief of angina symptoms when β-blockers are
contraindicated?
contraindicated?
Anonymous Quiz
15%
A) Verapamil
40%
B) Amlodipine
19%
C) Ranolazine
23%
D) Isosorbide mononitrate
3%
E) None of the abov
When do smaller coronary plaques become more prone to causing acute thrombosis?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
A) When they occupy 50% of the vessel luminal diameter
27%
B) When they have a lipid-rich core and thick fibrous cap
63%
C) When they occupy less than 50%-70% of the vessel luminal diameter
1%
D) When they are not present in the coronary arteries
1%
E) When they occupy 100% of the vessel luminal diameter
What is the primary symptom that may differentiate microvascular angina from other types of anginas?
Anonymous Quiz
5%
A) Radiating pain to the arm
14%
B) Severe chest pain lasting more than 1 hour
49%
C) Chest pain relieved by rest or nitroglycerin
30%
D) No response to nitroglycerin
1%
E) None of the above
What is the preferred dosing schedule for extended-release isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN)?
Anonymous Quiz
4%
A) Once daily
87%
B) Twice daily, 7 hours apart
8%
C) Three times daily, every 4-5 hours
1%
D) Every 2 hours
0%
E) None of the above
Which of the following medications should be avoided in patients with concomitant heart
failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
Anonymous Quiz
7%
A) Amlodipine
5%
B) Felodipine
73%
C) Verapamil
13%
D) Isosorbide mononitrate
2%
E) None of the above
Which medication may be preferred for chronic therapy in patients with variable threshold
angina?
angina?
Anonymous Quiz
17%
A) β-Blockers
16%
B) Nitrates
53%
C) Calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
12%
D) Ranolazine
2%
E) None of the above
What percentage of luminal diameter reduction in epicardial vessels may result in flow deficit
with myocardial ischemia?
with myocardial ischemia?
Anonymous Quiz
4%
A) Less than 20%
18%
B) 50%
79%
C) 70% or more
0%
D) 90%
0%
E) 100%
Which nitrate should be used with caution in patients with impaired hepatic function
Anonymous Quiz
19%
A) Nitroglycerin
33%
B) Isosorbide dinitrate
16%
C) Isosorbide mononitrate
28%
D) All of the above
5%
E) None of the above
Which type of β-blockers are preferred in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)?
(COPD)?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
A) Nonselective β-blockers
78%
B) β1-selective agents
7%
C) Agents with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
5%
D) β-blockers combined with CCBs
0%
E) None of the above
What is the primary mechanism of action of ranolazine?
Anonymous Quiz
2%
A) Increases heart rate
10%
B) Reduces contractility
74%
C) Inhibits late sodium current (INa)
13%
D) Increases coronary vasodilation
1%
E) None of the above
What has NOT been shown regarding ACE inhibitors and symptomatic ischemia?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
A) They improve symptomatic ischemia
13%
B) They reduce chest pain episodes
47%
C) They have no effect on angina symptoms
26%
D) They are beneficial for patients with hypertension
1%
E) None of the above
What is the primary cause of heart failure (HF)?
Anonymous Quiz
30%
A) Decreased myocardial contractility
4%
B) Increased ventricular stiffness
50%
C) Coronary artery disease
11%
D) Ventricular hypertrophy
5%
E) Activation of compensatory responses
❤1
What is the primary cause of increased preload in heart failure?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
A) Decreased contractility
17%
B) Increased ventricular stiffness
64%
C) Sodium and water retention
4%
D) Vasodilation
7%
E) Tachycardia
Which drug class improves symptoms, slows disease progression, and decreases mortality in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
A) Diuretics
23%
B) Beta-blockers
16%
C) Calcium channel blockers
7%
D) Nitrates
46%
E) Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
Which drug class should be initiated in stable heart failure patients who have no or minimal evidence of fluid overload?
Anonymous Quiz
20%
A) Diuretics
46%
B) Beta-blockers
20%
C) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
3%
D) Calcium channel blockers
10%
E) Ivabradine