❇فراغات مهمه❇
❇DNA intercalation of antineoplastic agents means
is an insertion of a planar molecule between two adjacent base pairs, and this can induce local unwinding

❇There are several mechanisms by which Antibiotics and natural products target DNA to act as antineoplastic agents including intercalation, alkylation..., and strand breakage. either directly or as a result of enzyme inhibition.

تعداد ❇
❇There are several mechanisms by which Antibiotics and natural products target DNA to act as antineoplastic agents including:

a) intercalation

b) alkylation

c) strand breakage either directly or as a result of enzyme inhibition.


❇In the case of melphalan, the two advantages of attachment of the mustard functionality to a phenylalanine moiety are

1) to reduce reactivity and increase selectivity.

2) to increase entry into cancer cells by utilization of carrier mediated uptake.

التعاريف ال 5 بالبداية مهمة

هاي العناصر مهمة ب م2

العناصر والاسباب بالبداية مهمة

Nonverbal communications are unique for three reasons.
1- First, they mirror innermost thoughts and feelings. This mirror effect is constantly at work (non-verbal communication is continuous), whether or not you are conscious of it.

2- Second, nonverbal communication is difficult, if not impossible, to “fake” during an interpersonal interaction.

3- Third, your nonverbal communication must be consistent with your verbal communication or people will be suspicious of the
intended meaning of your message. (Lack of congruence)

ممكن تجي احفظوا مختصر

❇Paralanguage

¹-Tone:can convey more meaning that actual words

2-Speedthe speed of speaking must enable the listener to understand for good communication

3-Volume

❇Body language

1-Eye contact:the maintenance of eye contact during communication may indicate an interest in the subject in western cultures


²-Facial expression he facial expression of pharmacist should be
encouraging and welcoming
او اكتبوا ها
, As well as pharmacist should be able to read the meaning of patient's facial expression"gaaing the level of comprehension and receptiveness.

❇The pharmacist must be able to:

.Understand the illness experience of the patient

• Perceive each patient’s experience as unique

• Foster a more egalitarian relationship with patients
Build a “therapeutic alliance” with patients to meet mutually understood
goals of therapy

• Develop self-awareness of personal effects on patients

• Understanding Medication Use from the Patient Perspective

اختاروا أسهل ٣

👤Key Components of Kinesics:

🔍• Varied eye contact (consistent, but not a stare)

🔍• Relaxed posture

🔍• Appropriate comfortable gestures

🔍• Frontal appearance (shoulders square to the other person)

🔍• Slight lean toward the other person

🔍• Erect body position (head up, shoulders back)

closed posture : limit the interaction with an overly talkative person
باجر يجي mcq

⭕️open stance can nonverbally communicate sincerity, respect, and empathy for another person. The classic example of an open posture is standing (or sitting) with a full- frontal appearance to the other person. As an open communicator, you should also have your legs and arms comfortably apart (not crossed) and a facial expression that expresses interest and a desire to listen as well as speak.


⭕️A closed posture occurs when you have your arms folded in front of your chest, legs crossed at the knees, head facing downward, and eyes looking away from the patient.

⭕️الفرق بين الopen وال closed

¹⁵﴿فَعَسَى اللَّهُ أَن يَأْتِيَ بِالْفَتْحِ أَوْ أَمْرٍ مِّنْ عِندِهِ﴾

⚠️ المحاضرة الثالثة (مهارات التواصل) كلش مهمة لتتركوها‼️

إذا بعدكم مبادين ابدوا ، المادة سعيها 30 ، احنا هم قبل كم ساعة بدينا ونشوف وين تصفى والله كريم

⭕️Distracting Nonverbal Communication:

👤lack of eye contact.

👤facial expression.

👤body position.

👤tone of voice.

⭕️the colors used in the pharmacy’s decor, the lighting, and the uses of space Temperature, humidity and freshness of atmosphere. are important nonverbal communication factors.

⭕️The general appearance within the pharmacy setting conveys nonverbal messages to patients. Dirt, clutter, and general untidiness carry negative nonverbal messages.

⭕️the physical characteristics of pharmacy employees also send nonverbal messages to patients. Professional staff should dress appropriately. You want to convey a friendly appearance, but you also want to convey professional competence.

🤝🏻Gesture: Hand gestures in particular are useful when emphasizing a point or to help to describe something and can greatly enhance communication and improve understanding.

فهموهم ك امسيكيو 👆🏻