14. What does the rate of formation of HbA1c indicate?
Anonymous Quiz
2%
a. Immediate blood glucose concentration
95%
b. Average blood glucose concentration over the previous 3 months
2%
c. Insulin resistance index
1%
d. Daily carbohydrate intake
0%
e. Beta-cell function
15. In type 1 diabetes, what are the classic symptoms of insulin deficiency?
Anonymous Quiz
1%
a. Hypertension, fatigue, and headaches
92%
b. Polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and weight loss
5%
c. Joint pain, nausea, and dizziness
2%
d. Insomnia, anxiety, and irritability
0%
e. Constipation, abdominal pain, and bloatin
16. What metabolic alterations are generally milder in type 2 diabetes compared to type 1 diabetes?
Anonymous Quiz
69%
a. Ketosis
8%
b. Hyperglycemia
15%
c. Hypoglycemia
5%
d. Hyperinsulinemia
2%
e. Acido
🆒2
18. In gestational diabetes, when does carbohydrate intolerance occur?
Anonymous Quiz
3%
a. Childhood
4%
b. Elderly age
6%
c. Adolescence
84%
d. Pregnancy
3%
e. Postmenopausal period
19. What are the primary complications associated with diabetes if left untreated?
Anonymous Quiz
2%
a. Vision impairment and joint pain
5%
b. Hearing loss and cardiovascular complications
5%
c. Respiratory distress and skin infections
87%
d. Retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular complications
1%
e. Gastrointestinal issues and anemia
20- What is the primary goal of insulin therapy in type l diabetes?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
a. Inducing ketosis
59%
b. Avoiding wide fluctuations in glucose
15%
c. Promoting hyperglycemia
5%
d. Decreasing blood pressure
2%
e. Increasing insulin resistance
21. What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
a. Increase blood glucose levels
80%
b. Decrease blood glucose levels
6%
c. Promote ketosis
5%
d. Induce lipolysis
2%
e. Enhance proteolysis
22. How is insulin secretion primarily regulated?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
a. By thyroid hormones
2%
b. By cortisol levels
2%
c. By blood pressure
83%
d. By blood glucose levels
4%
e. By adrenaline concentration
23. What hormone acts as a glucose sensor in pancreatic β cells?
Anonymous Quiz
27%
a. Insulin
8%
b. Glucagon
43%
c. Glucokinase
15%
d. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
8%
e. C-peptide
24. What triggers pulsatile insulin exocytosis?
Anonymous Quiz
18%
a. Decreased blood glucose
52%
b. Increased ATP levels
11%
c. Activation of K+ channels
4%
d. Low levels of calcium
14%
e. Increased blood glucose
25. Why is measurement of C-peptide considered a better index of insulin levels than plasma insulin levels?
Anonymous Quiz
17%
a. C-peptide is more stable in plasma
58%
b. C-peptide reflects insulin production more accurately
16%
c. Plasma insulin levels are affected by dietary factors
7%
d. C-peptide undergoes hepatic extraction
3%
e. Plasma insulin is more sensitive to temperature changes
26. What is the most serious and common adverse reaction to insulin?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
a. Hyperglycemia
69%
b. Hypoglycemia
5%
c. Weight gain
11%
d. Local injection site reactions
6%
e. Lipodystroph
👍1
27. What adverse effect can be minimized by rotating injection sites
Anonymous Quiz
3%
a. Hyperglycemia
4%
b. Weight gain
31%
c. Local injection site reactions
60%
d. Lipodystrophy
2%
e. Insulin resistance
28. In a hyperglycemic emergency, how is regular insulin administered?
Anonymous Quiz
11%
a. Subcutaneously
83%
b. Intravenously (IV)
2%
c. Orally
3%
d. Intramuscularly
1%
e. Inhaled
29. What is the primary method of insulin delivery in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion?
Anonymous Quiz
25%
a. Subcutaneous injection
4%
b. Oral administration
7%
c. Intravenous infusion
62%
d. Insulin pump
2%
e. Inhaled insulin formulation
❤1
30. Which insulin preparation is considered rapid-acting and inhaled?
Anonymous Quiz
13%
a. Regular insulin
13%
b. Insulin lispro
12%
c. Insulin aspart
5%
d. Insulin glulisine
56%
e. Inhaled insulin